BulletinofZoologicalNomenclature50(1)March1993 39 Case2852 Banksinellaluteolateralisvar.albothoraxTheobald,1907(currently Aedes(IWeomelaniconion)albothorax),B.luteolateralisvar. circumluteolaTheobald,1908(currentlyA.(N.)circumluteolus)and A.(N.)mcintoshiHuang, 1985(Insecta,Diptera):proposedconservation ofthespecificnamesanddesignationofaneotypeforA.{N.)albothorax ThomasJ.Zavortink DepartmentofBiology, UniversityofSanFrancisco,IgnatianHeights, SanFrancisco,California94117-1080, U.S.A. Abstract.ThepurposeofthisapphcationistoconservethespecificnamesofAecles (Neotnelaniconion) albothorax (Theobald, 1907), A. (N.) circumluteolus (Theobald. 1908) and A. (N.) mcintoshiHuang, 1985 in theiraccustomed usages. All ofthese species are common mosquitoes in sub-Saharan Africa; Aedes circumluteolus and A. mcintoshi are particularly widespread and both have been found infected with severalarboviruses. 1. Theobald(1907,pp.470-471)describedandnamedthemosquitoesBanksinella luteolateralisvar.pallidaandvar.albothoraxonthebasisofthreefemalespecimens fromInkutu,TheGambia.Thetwosyntypefemalesoipallidaweredescribedashaving palegreyscalesonthevertexoftheheadandpalesilverygreyscalesonthesidesofthe scutum.Theholotypefemaleoialbothoraxwasdescribedashavingwhitescalesonthe vertexoftheheadandonthesidesofthescutum. 2. Theobald(1908,p. 107)describedandnamedBanksiella[sic]luteolateralisvar. circumluteola on the basis ofa single female from Transvaal, South Africa. The holotype has pale yellow scales on the vertex ofthe head and on the sides ofthe scutum. 3. Edwards(1915,pp. 273-274)reviewed Banksinellaandconsideredpallidaand albothoraxtobevarietiesofBanksinellalineatopennis(Ludlow, 1905,p. 133),which wasoriginallydescribedfromthePhilippines. Hedidnotredescribethevarietiesor citespecimensofthem. Hedid notmentioncircumluteola. but in hiscatalogofthe CULICIDAE(1932)helisted(p. 172)albothorax.circumluteolaandpallidaasvarietiesof Aedes (Banksinella) lineatopennis. In 1936 Edwards stated (p. 51) that Theobald's 'varieties'circumluteolaandalbothoraxandperhapsalsopallidawerebettertreatedas species.Asbefore,hedidnotredescribethesetaxaorcitespecimens. 4. Edwards(1941,pp.201-214)revisedtheEthiopianspeciesofAedes(Banksinella) in his volume Mosquitoes ofthe Ethiopian Region. He considered circumluteolus (p.204)andalbothorax(p.205)tobedistinctspeciesandreducedpallidatosynonymy withalbothorax.ItisobviousfromhisremarksthatonlyonesyntypeofBanksinella pallidaremainedinexistence.Inhiskeytospecies(p.202)heusedthecolorofthescales onthesidesofthescutumtoseparatecircumluteolusandalbothorax.Edwardsremarked thatspecimensoValbothorax"fromEastAfricadifferedsomewhatfromGambianones; 40 BulletinofZoologicalNomenclature50(I)March1993 hisillustrationofthemalegenitaliawasbasedonEastAfricanmaterial.Edwardsused thenamecircumluieolusforaspeciesthatiswidespreadinsub-SaharanAfrica. 5. All subsequent authors have followed Edwards's synonymy ofpallida with albothontx.andtheformerhasnotbeenusedsinceasvalidforanytaxoninAedes. 6. Huang(1985.pp. 108-120)studiedthewidespreadmosquitoesknownasAedes {Neoinelaniconion)lineatopennis(Ludlow. 1905)andconcludedthatspecimensfrom AfricawerespecificallydistinctfromthosefromtheOrient.Shedescribed(p. 109)the African species as Aedes (Neomekmiconian) mcimoshi. The holotype male, from Onderstepoort. Transvaal, South Africa, hasyellowtogolden yellowscalesonthe vertexoftheheadandonthesidesofthescutum. 7. AlthoughtheCode(p. 197)recommendsspellingtheprefix'Mc'as'mac'when formingazoologicalnamefromapersonalnamebearingthisprefix,Huangdidnotdo so,andspelledherspecificnameasmcintoshi.Since«;fw/o.v/(;differsbyoneletterfrom macintoshi,andsincethesevariantspellingsarenotdeemedtobeidenticalinArticle58 oftheCode,Aedes(Neomelaniconion)mcinloshiHuang,1985isnottobeconsidereda homonymoiAedes(Ochlerotatiis)macintoshiMarks,1959. 8. I (Zavortink. 1992) studied the holotypes ofalhothorax. circumluieolus and mcimoshiandthesingleextantsyntypeoipallidusaspartofataxonomicrevisionof Aedes(Neomelaniconion).Iconcludedthatthetypesofalhothoraxandcircumluieolus areconspecificandthatthetypesofpallidusandmcintoshiarespecimensofasecond widespread species. I argued that the typesofalhothoraxandpallidusarebleached (faded) specimens ofthe two speciescurrently called circumluteolus and mcintoshi respectively. I considered that synonymizing circumluteolus with alhothorax and mcintoshiwithpalliduswoulddisruptstabilityandcauseconfusion,andproposedthat existingusageshouldbemaintained. 9. The name circumluteolus has been used consistently for the same taxon by mosquitosystematistsforthe85yearssinceitsoriginaldescriptionbyTheobald(1908). ThespeciesisoneofthecommonestandmostwidespreadAedesinsub-SaharanAfrica (Gillett, 1972. p. 90; Knight & Stone. 1977. p. 120). The name circumluieolusalso appears frequently in non-taxonomic literature because thespecies hasbeen found infectedwithnumerousarboviruses(Mcintosh.1971.p.327). 10. ThenamealhothoraxhasbeenappliedconsistentlytoanEastAfricanspecies withwhitescalesonthevertexoftheheadandsidesofthescutumbyallauthorssince Edwards's(1941)revisionofAedes(Bcmksinella). 11. Strict application ofthe Principle ofPriority would require replacement of circumluteolus(1908)byalhothorax(1907)andproposalofanewspecificnameforthe EastAfricanalhothoraxofEdwards(1941)andlaterauthors. However,suchaction would disrupt stability and causeconfusion. These problems could be avoided by settingasidethetypestatusoftheGambianholotypeofAedesalhothorax(Theobald, 1907)andconservingthespecificnameascurrentlyusedbydesignatinganeotype.This wouldalsoconservethename/I.circumluteolus{Theoba\d.1908).Iproposeasneotype ofA.alhothorax(Theobald, 1907)a femalespecimen associatedwithitslarvaland pupal skins(KEN 166-17)with thefollowingdata: progeny rearing, Kenya.Coast Province, 2 kilometers north of Kakuyuni. Lake Mbaratumu [3 12'S. 40OO'E; elevationlessthan30meters; mothercollected23June 1990. L.P. Lounibos&T.J. Zavortink]. The taxonomicspeciestowhich thisspecimen belongswasredescribed and illustrated as Aedes(Banksinella)alhothoraxby Edwards(1941, pp. 205-206). ) BulletinofZoologicalNomenclature50(1)March1993 41 The following characters differentiate this species from other taxa of Aedes (Neomelankomon):scalesonvertexofheadandsidesofscutumwhite;probosciswith longstreakofwhitishscalesonunderside;acrostichalbristlesnotdeveloped;pleural integumentdark brown to black; lowermesepimeral bristles offemale usually 3-5 (2-7); pleural scale patches small to moderately large, usually yellowish white to tannish white; someorallsubspiracularscalesbroad,flat; posteriorsurfaceofmid andhindfemoradark-scaledinapical0.3-0.5;anteriorsurfaceofhindfemurwhite- scaledinbasal0.2-0.4;clawsofhindtarsussimple;costalveincompletelydark-scaled; radialvein withcreamywhitescalesfrom base toorslightlybeyond baseofradial sector;plumescalesonradialsector,veinR2-I-3,vein R2,veinR3andmedialvein dark; abdominal terga with broad basal bandsofcreamywhite toyellowish white scales;abdominalsternacompletelytonearlycompletelydark-scaled;coxiteofmale genitalia broad basally, abruptly narrowed distally and with relatively few (4-12) widelyspaced,slenderspiniformsetaeoninnermargin.Theneotypewillbedeposited inthecollectionoftheDepartmentofEntomology,CaliforniaAcademyofSciences, SanFrancisco,California,U.S.A.,asTypeno. 16988. 12. Aedesmcinioshiisacommonmosquitowidespreadinsub-SaharanAfrica(all Africanlocalitiesof'lineatopennis'inKnight&Stone, 1977,p. 120)andthespeciesis frequentlymentioned(aslineatopennisor,since1985,asmcimoshi)innon-taxonomic literaturebecauseitisassociatedwithseveralarboviruses,includingRiftValleyFever virus(Mcintosh,1971,p.325).Althoughthen&mtmcintoshivjas,publishedonlyeight yearsagoitisingeneralcurrentuse.Ithasbeenappliedtothistaxon,asitspresumed validname,inaconsiderablenumberofpublicationssinceitspublicationin1985(e.g. Beieretal., 1990;Cornel, 1991;Gargan, Kamau,Thande&Wagateh, 1989;Jupp& Cornel, 1988; Linthicum et al., 1988; Logan et al.. 1991; Patrican & Bailey, 1989; Turell,Faran,Cornet&Bailey, 1988).Afurthersixreferenceshavebeengiventothe CommissionSecretariat. 13. StrictapplicationofthePrincipleofPrioritywouldrequirethereplacementof mcmioshi by pallidus. This would be the second name change for this common Africanspeciesinlessthaneightyears,andseriousconfusioncouldbeavoidedbythe suppressionof/)a//;V/aTheobald, 1907. 14. TheInternationalCommissiononZoologicalNomenclatureisaccordinglyasked: (1 touseitsplenarypowers: (a)to set aside the type status ofthe holotype ofBanksinella luteolateralis alhothorax Theobald, 1907 and to designate as neotype the specimen proposedinpara. 11above; (b)tosuppress the specificnamepallidaTheobald, 1907, aspublished in the trinomen Banksinella luteolateralis var. pallida, for the purposes of the PrincipleofPrioritybutnotforthoseofthePrincipleofHomonymy; (2) toplacethefollowingnamesontheOfficialListofSpecificNamesinZoology: (a)alhothorax Theobald, 1907, as published in the trinomen Banksinella luteolateralisvar. alhothoraxand asdefined by theneotypedesignated in (l)(a)above; (b)circumluteolusTheobald, 1908,aspublishedinthetrinomenBanksiella[sic] luteolateralisvar.circumluteola; (c) /Hd«W.y/;(Huang,I985,aspublishedinthehmomtxxAedes(Neomelaniconion) mcintoshi; 42 BulletinotZoologicalNomenclature50(1)March1993 (3) toplaceontheOfficialIndexofRejectedandInvalidSpecificNamesinZoology the namepallida Theobald, 1907, as published in the trinomen Banksinella luteolateralisvar.pallidaandassuppressedin(1)(b)above. 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