312 BulletinofZoologicalNomenclature48(4)December1991 Case 2730 Cheilosia Meigen, 1822 and PyrophaenaSchiner, 1860(Insecta, Diptera): proposedconservation A.V. Barkalov BiologicalInstitute, Siberian Branch oftheAcademyofSciencesofthe U.S.S.R., Novosibirsk630091, U.S.S.R. I.M. Kerzhner ZoologicalInstitute, AcademyofSciencesofthe U.S.S.R., StPetersburg 199034, U.S.S.R. Abstract. The purpose ofthis appHcation is to conserve the names oftwo genera of hover-flies, CheilosiaMeigen, 1822andPyrophaenaSchiner, 1860(familysyrphidae). Both names are threatened by the unused senior name Cheilosia Panzer, [1809], as a homonym and as an objective synonym respectively. It is proposed to fix Syrphus flavipesPanzer, 1798asthetypespeciesofCheilosiaMeigeninaccordancewithexist- ing usage. Cheilosia Meigen includes approximately 350 species in the Palaearctic, Nearctic and Oriental regions. It is the type genus ofthe tribe cheilosiini Shannon, 1922. Species included in the genus have economic importance as pollinators, pests ofweeds, and as causing damage in the timber ofsome American coniferous trees. PyrophaenaSchiner, 1860includessome 10species, distributedin thePalaearcticand Nearcticregions. 1. Panzer ([1809], p. 14. pi. [14]; see Saunders (1888) and Sherborn (1923) for the date ofpublication) published the new generic name Cheilosia in combination with Syrphus rosarum Fabricius, 1787 (p. 341) and illustrated the species. Citation ofthe specificnamemakes Cheilosiaanavailablename(Article 12b(5)oftheCode), though the absence ofa generic description was probably the reason why many subsequent authors neglected the name; rosarum is fixed as the type species by monotypy. The same species isalso the typeofPyrophaena Schiner, 1860 (p. 213) bymonotypy, and PyrophaenaisthereforeajuniorobjectivesynonymofCheilosiaPanzer. 2. Meigen(1822,p. 296)noted that34speciesofSyrphus Fabricius, 1775 whichhe haddescribedonprecedingpagesformedadistinctgroup.Hedescribedthecharacters ofthegroupbutconcludedthat theywereinsuflficienttoestablisha newgenus,which hehadplannedtonameCheilosia,andhethereforeretainedthespecieswithinSyrphus. Anapplication(Case2749)whichincludedproposalsfortheconservationofCheilosiaMeigen,1822and PyrophaenaSchiner, 1860,aswellasEristalisLatreille, 1804, HelophilusFabricius, 1805,XylotaMeigen, 1822andEumermMeigen, 1822,wasreceivedfromDrT.Zatwarnicki(AcademyofAgriculture. Wroclaw. Poland)shortlyafterthepresentone.Anapplicationtoconservethelastfournamesisnowpublished(see BZN48:308-311). BulletinofZoologicalNomenclature48(4)December1991 313 The name Cheilosia, first published in synonymy with Syrphus, is an available name (Article 1le), with authorship ascribed to Meigen (Article 50g). Subsequent authors (Lepeletier& Serville, 1828, p. 512), aswell as Meigen himself(1838, pp. 123-129, pi. 68,figs. 1-6),acceptedCheilosiaasadistinctgenus. Meigen(1838)placed48speciesin thegenus.TheauthorshipandconceptoiCheilosia,asusedinthefirsthalfofthe 19th century,wasvariable(seeGoffe, 1944, pp. 238-240), butWalker(1851, pp. 280 284), andlaterLoew(1857)inhisrevisionofthegenus,acceptedMeigen's(1822)authorship and concept. They have been followed by nearly all subsequent authors in further revisions(Becker. 1894;Hull&Fluke, 1950),incatalogues(Aldrich. 1905,pp.351-353; Bezzi&Stein, 1907,pp.21^1;Knutson,Thompson&Vockeroth, 1975,pp. 329-330), and in many hundreds of taxonomic, faunistic and ecological papers. The replace- ment name Chilosia Agassiz, 1846 (p. 80) (an unjustified emendation of Cheilosia Meigen underArticle 33b(iii))wassometimes used in taxonomic literature until 1956 (Violovitsh, 1956, p. 466) but from 1960 all authors have used the name Cheilosia Meigen. 3. Westwood([1840],p. 137)designatedMuscascriptaLinnaeus, 1758(p.594)asthe type species of Cheilosia Meigen but scripta was not among the originally included species. Rondani (1856, p. 51) designated Eristalis scutellatus Fallen, 1817 (p. 55) (wronglycreditedto Fabricius)asthetypeo{Cheilosia(wronglycreditedtoMegerle); scutellatus was an originally included species and Rondani's designation is valid. Wirth,Sedman&Weems(1965,p. 583)andKnutson,Thompson&Vockeroth(1975, p. 329)acceptedscutellatusasthetypespecies. However, Meigen(1822,p. 289)noted, under Syrphusflavipes Panzer, 1798 (p. 10, pi. [10]), that he obtained material ofthis speciesfrom Megerleunderthename Cheilosiadepila(anomen nudum), and this has led some authors (Coquillett, 1910, p. 521 and Goffe, 1944, p. 239) to record that Cheilosia Meigen was established as a monotypic genus with Syrphusflavipes as the type. Coquillett's (1910) action constitutes a type designation (Article 69a(iv)) but postdates thatofRondani (1856). The species Syrphusrosarum, the typeofCheilosia Panzer,wasincludedinMeigen's(1822)workbutwasnotamongthespeciesincluded inhisconceptofCheilosia. 4. Cheilosia Panzer, [1809] and Cheilosia Meigen, 1822 are placed in different subfamilies of syrphidae, i.e. syrphinae and milesiinae respectively. Goffe (1944, pp.244-245)notedthatCheilosiaPanzerwasanavailablename,anduseditinplaceof PyrophaenaSchiner, 1860(ajuniorobjectivesynonym).Hereplaced CheilosiaMeigen (ajuniorhomonym)byCartosyrphusBigot, 1883and ChilomyiaShannon, 1922.With few exceptions (e.g. Kloet & Hincks, 1945, p. 381) Goffe's changes in nomenclature have not been accepted and both Cheilosia Meigen and Pyrophaena Schiner are in currentuse(seepara.2).Wirth,Sedman&Weems(1965,pp. 578,583)andPeck(1988, p. 75) havepreviouslycommented thatforstabilityofnomenclaturetheCommission shouldbeaskedtosuppressCheilosiaPanzer. 5. The current usage of subgeneric names within Cheilosia was established by authors(see,forexample,Hull&Fluke, 1950)whoconsideredSyrphusflavipesPanzer to be the type species (see para. 3). The two principal subgenera are Cheilosia (with hairy eyes) and Cartosyrphus Bigot, 1883 (with naked eyes). Subgeneric names in Cheilosia are widely used by American authors, although rarely in Europe and Asia. Eristalisscutellatus Fallen, the type species ofCheilosia Meigen by Rondani's (1856) designation, is a species with naked eyes, although it was included by Meigen (1838, ) 1 314 BulletinofZoologicalNomenclature48(4)December199 p. 123), probably due to an error or the misidentification ofsome specimens, in his species-group'A'(withhairyeyes).Recognitionofscutellatusasthetypespecieswould mean that the subgenus Cartosyrphuswould be renamed Cheilosiaand the subgenus currently named Cheilosiawould need another name. Such changes in nomenclature aredestabilisingandwethereforeproposethefixationofSyrphusflavipesPanzer, 1798 asthetypespecies. 6. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature is accordingly asked: (1 touseitsplenarypowers: (a) to suppress the generic name Cheilosia Panzer, [1809], and all uses ofthe name Cheilosia prior to the publication ofCheilosia Meigen, 1822, for the purposesofboththePrincipleofPriorityandthePrincipleofHomonymy; (b) to set asideall designations oftype species forthenominal genus Cheilosia Meigen, 1822 prior to that by Coquillett (1910) ofSyrphusjiavipes Panzer, 1798; (2) toplaceontheOfficial ListofGenericNamesinZoologythefollowingnames: (a) CheilosiaMeigen, 1822(gender:feminine),typespeciesbysubsequentdesig- nationbyCoquillett(1910), SyrphusflavipesPanzer, 1798,asruledin(l)(b) above; (h) Pyrophaena Schiner, 1860 (gender: feminine), type species by monotypy SyrphusrosarumFabricius, 1787; (3) toplaceontheOfficial ListofSpecificNamesinZoologythefollowingnames: (a)flavipesPanzer, 1798, aspublishedin thebinomen Syrphusflavipes(specific nameofthetypespeciesofCheilosiaMeigen, 1822); (h) rosarum Fabricius, 1787, as published in the binomen Syrphus rosarum (specificnameofthetypespeciesofPyrophaenaSchiner, 1860); (4) toplaceontheOfficialIndexofRejectedandInvalidGenericNamesinZoology thefollowingnames: (a) CheilosiaPanzer, [1809],assuppressedin(l)(a)above; (b) Chilosia Agassiz, 1846 (an unjustified emendation of Cheilosia Meigen, 1822). 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