ASSER International Sports Law Series For furthervolumes: http://www.springer.com/series/8858 Alexander Wild Editor CAS and Football: Landmark Cases 123 123 Alexander Wild Stuttgart e-mail: [email protected] ISSN 1874-6926 ISBN 978-90-6704-807-1 e-ISBN978-90-6704-808-8 DOI 10.1007/978-90-6704-808-8 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011941756 (cid:2)T.M.C.ASSERPRESS,TheHague,TheNetherlands,andtheauthors2012 PublishedbyT.M.C.ASSERPRESS,TheHague,TheNetherlandswww.asserpress.nl ProducedanddistributedforT.M.C.ASSERPRESSbySpringer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg Nopartofthisworkmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorby anymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,microfilming,recordingorotherwise,withoutwritten permissionfromthePublisher,withtheexceptionofanymaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurpose ofbeingenteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnot imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Coverdesign:eStudioCalamar,Berlin/Figueres Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Series Information BooksintheASSERInternationalSportsLawSerieschartandcommentuponthe legal and policy developments in European and international sports law. The books contain materials on interstate organisations and the international sports governingbodies,andwillserveascomprehensiveandrelevantreferencetoolsfor all those involved in the area on a professional basis. The Series is developed, edited and published by the ASSER International Sports Law Centre in The Hague. The Centre’s mission is to provide a centre of excellence in particular by providing high-quality research, services and products to the sporting world at large (sports ministries, international—intergovern- mental—organisations,sportsassociationsandfederations,theprofessionalsports industry, etc.) on both a national and an international basis. The Centre is the co-founder and coordinator of the Hague International Sports Law Academy (HISLA), the purpose of which is the organisation of academic conferences and workshopsofinternationalexcellencewhichareheldinvariouspartsoftheworld. Apart from the Series, the Centre edits and publishes The International Sports Law Journal. Series Editors Dr. Robert C. R. Siekmann, Director Asser International Sports Centre e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Janwillem Soek e-mail: [email protected] M. A. van der Harst LL.M. e-mail: [email protected] Editorial Office ASSER International Sports Law Centre T.M.C. Asser Instituut P.O. Box 30461 2500 GL The Hague The Netherlands www.sportslaw.nl v Foreword I am very pleased and honoured to write the foreword to this book. As Professor Ian Blackshaw, a member of and expert on the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), points out in his Introductory Remarks to this book, the CAS, which is in its 27th year of operations, is establishing itself in the sporting world, as its founders intended to be, as the ‘Supreme Court of World Sport’. Claimed to be the world’s favourite sport—and it must be added the world’s most lucrative one—football, not surprisingly, is providing the CAS with a lot of cases, especially disputes on international transfers of football players, since football’s world governing body, FIFA, joined the CAS in 2002. It is most fitting, therefore, that a collection of landmark cases has now been made and commented upon by sports law experts in this book, which is both timely and most welcome. I would warmly congratulate the editor, Alexander Wild, and also the publisher, Philip van Tongeren of the T.M.C. Asser Press, on this worthy initiative. ThebookisthelatestintheAsserInternationalSportsLawSeries,ofwhichthe editors are Prof. Dr. Robert Siekmann and Dr. Janwillem Soek, and which is a publication of the ASSER International Sports Law Centre, based in the ‘legal capitaloftheworld’,TheHague,TheNetherlands.Itisalsothefirstbookonthis important subject. As already indicated, this book will fill a gap in the international sports law literature and provide an invaluable resource for all those involved in the legal aspects of the ‘beautiful game’, particularly extra-judicial dispute resolution, including administrators, regulators, football agents and their legal advisers. The bookwillalsoproveveryusefultostudentsandresearchersinthisparticularfield. Itwillcertainlyfindaplaceonmybookshelfand,onceagain,Iwouldwelcome andcommendthisbooktoallthoseconcernedwiththisdevelopingandsignificant vii viii Foreword aspect of the activities of the CAS and its continuing—and, I would add, very valuable—contribution to a so-called Lex Sportiva in sport in general and in football in particular. New Delhi, Summer 2011 Amaresh Kumar* * Advocate,SupremeCourtofIndia,SecretaryGeneral,AsianCouncilofArbitrationforSport, Honorary Visiting Professor of International Sports Law, ASSER international Sports Law Centre,TheHague,TheNetherlands. Contents 1 Ancient Chinese Football . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Bram Cohen 2 Introductory Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Ian Blackshaw 3 Club Ownership. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Ivan Cherpillod and Juan de Dios Crespo Pérez 3.1 CAS 98/200 AEK Athens and Slavia Prague v. UEFA. . . . . . 12 3.2 CAS 2007/0/1361 Real Federación Española de Fútbol v. Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 4 Contractual Stability: Breach of Contract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Juan de Dios Crespo Pérez, Gianpaolo Monteneri, Wil van Megen and Peter A. Limbert 4.1 CAS 2003/O/482 Ariel Ortega v. Fenerbahçe and Fédération Internationale de Football Association. . . . . . . 38 4.2 CAS 2004/A/708 Philippe Mexès v. Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA); CAS 2004/A/709 AS Roma v. FIFA; CAS 2004/A/713 AJ Auxerre v. AS Roma and Philippe Mexès; CAS 2005/A/902 and 903 P. Mexès and AS Roma v. AJ Auxerre and AJ Auxerre v. P. Mexès and AS Roma; CAS 2005/A/916 AS Roma v. FIFA. . . . . . . . 46 4.3 CAS 2006/A/1100 Tareq Eltaib v. Club Gaziantepspor. . . . . . 58 4.4 CAS 2007/A/1298 Wigan Athletic FC v. Heart of Midlothian; CAS 2007/A/1299 Heart of Midlothian v. Webster and Wigan Athletic FC; CAS 2007/A/1300 Webster v. Heart of Midlothian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 ix x Contents 4.5 CAS 2008/A/1519 FC Shakhtar Donetsk (Ukraine) v. Mr. Matuzalem Francelino da Silva and Real Zaragoza SAD and FIFA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 4.6 CAS 2005/A/876, 2006/A/1192, 2008/A/1644 Adrian Mutu v. Chelsea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 4.7 CAS 2009/A/1880, 1881 FC Sion/Essam El-Hadary v. FIFA and Al-Ahly Sporting Club CAS 2009/A/1856, 1857 Fenerbahçe v. Appiah/Appiah v Fenerbahçe . . . . . . . . . 99 5 Contractual Stability: Unilateral Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Jean-Samuel Leuba, Robert Fox, Juan de Dios Crespo Pérez, Gerardo Luis Acosta Perez and Frans M. de Weger 5.1 CAS 2005/A/973 Panathinaikos FC v. Sotirios Kyrgiakos. . . . 108 5.2 CAS 2005/A/983 & 984 Club Atlético Peñarol v. Carlos Héber Bueno Suárez & Cristian Gabriel Rodríguez Barrotti & Paris-Saint-Germain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 5.3 CAS 2006/A/1082-1104 Valladolid v Barreto, Cerro Porteño. . 125 5.4 CAS 2006/A/1157 Club Atlético Boca Juniors v. Genoa Cricket and Football Club S.p.A.0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 6 Doping: Applicable Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Claude Ramoni 6.1 CAS 2008/A/1588 FIFA v. Malta Football Association & Claude Mattocks; CAS 2008/A/1629 WADA v. Malta Football Association & Claude Mattocks; CAS 2008/A/1576 FIFA v. Malta Football Association & Ryan Grech; CAS 2008/A/1628 WADA v. Malta Football Association & Ryan Grech; CAS 2008/A/1575/FIFA v. Malta Football Association & Gilbert Martin; CAS 2008/A/1627 WADA v. Malta Football Association & Gilbert Martin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 6.2 Background Facts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 6.3 Admissibility of the Appeal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 6.4 Applicable Rules on the Nerit: FIFA or MFA Regulations?. . . 146 6.5 Was the FIFA Disciplinary Code Directly Applicable?. . . . . . 146 6.6 Did Article 60 Para 2 of the FIFA Statutes Compel the Panel to Apply FIFA Regulations? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 6.7 Was the FIFA Disciplinary Code Applicable by Reference? . . 149 6.8 Comment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 6.9 Sanctions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 6.10 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Contents xi 7 Doping: CAS Jurisdiction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Claude Ramoni 7.1 CAS 2007/A/1370 FIFA v. Superior Tribunal de Justiça Desportiva do Futebol & Confederação Brasileira de Futebol & Mr Ricardo Lucas Dodô; CAS 2007/A/1376 WADA v. Superior Tribunal de Justiça Desportiva do Futebol & Confederação Brasileira de Futebol & Mr Ricardo Lucas Dodô . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 7.2 Background Facts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 7.3 Admissibility of the Appeal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 7.4 Applicable Rules on the Merit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 7.5 Sanction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 7.6 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 8 Doping: Request of Review/Revision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Philippe Schweizer 8.1 CAS 2008/A/1557, Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio (FIGC), Daniele Mannini, Davide Possanzini and Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano (CONI) v. World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 8.2 The Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 8.3 The Award . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 8.4 Short Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 9 Doping: Sanctioning of a Football Team . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Tim Kerr 9.1 CAS 2004/A/593 Football Association of Wales v. UEFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 10 Hooliganism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Ivan Cherpillod, Peter T. M. Coenen and Juan de Dios Crespo Pérez 10.1 CAS 2002/A/423 PSV Eindhoven v. UEFA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 10.2 CAS 2007/A/1217 Feyenoord Rotterdam v. UEFA. . . . . . . . . 188 10.3 CAS 2008/A/1688 Club Atlético de Madrid SAD v. Union des Associatons Européennes de Football (UEFA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 11 Match Fixing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Jean-Samuel Leuba 11.1 CAS 2008/A/1583 and 1584 Sport Lisboa e Benfica Futebol SAD, Vitoria Sport Clube de Guimaraes v. UEFA and FC Porto Futebol SAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 11.2 CAS 2009/A/1920 FK Pobeda et al. v. UEFA . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 xii Contents 12 Player Agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Ricardo Daniel Omar Frega Navía 12.1 CAS 2007/A/1334 and 2007/A/1335, Alejandro Ruben Bouza and Alberto Cayeteno Lavalle v. Real Madrid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 13 Players Release. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Pere Lluís Mellado and Michael Gerlinger 13.1 CAS 2008/A/1622-1623-1624, FC Schalke 04, SV Werder Bremen, FC Barcelona v. FIFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 13.2 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 13.3 Discussions Between the Clubs and Federations. . . . . . . . . . . 235 13.4 Decision of the FIFA Emergency Committee. . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 13.5 The CAS Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 13.6 The CAS Decision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 13.7 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 14 Stay of Execution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Stephen Sampson 14.1 CAS 2009/A/1880 and 1881 FC Sion & Essam El-Hadary v. FIFA & Al-Ahly Sporting Club CAS 2009/A/1976 and 1977 Chelsea Football Club & Gaël Kakuta v. SASP Racing Club de Lens & Association Racing Club De Lens & FIFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 14.2 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 14.3 FC Sion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 14.4 RC Lens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 14.5 Relevant CAS Procedural Rules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 14.6 Disciplinary Sanction: Issues to be Assessed in Making an Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 14.7 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 15 Young Football Players: Protection of Minors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Alexander Wild 15.1 CAS 2008/A/1485 FC Midtjylland A/S v. Féderation Internationale de Football association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 15.2 Facts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 15.3 Submissions Made by the Parties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 15.4 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 15.5 View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261