m m m m o o o o c c c c . . . . e e e e e e e e r r r r f f f f s s s s k k k k o o o o o o o o b b b b e e e e m m m m m m m m o o o o c c c c . . . . e e e e e e e e r r r r f f f f s s s s k k k k o o o o o o o o b b b b e e e e m m m m m m m m o o o o c c c c . . . . e e e e e e e e r r r r f f f f s s s s k k k k o o o o o o o o b b b b e e e e m m m m m m m m o o o o c c c c . . . . e e e e e e e e r r r r f f f f s s s s k k k k o o o o o o o o b b b b e e e e m m m m m m m m o o o o c c c c . . . . e e e e e e e e r r r r f f f f s s s s k k k k o o o o o o o o b b b b e e e e m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b CARb DIAC SUbRGERY b b e e e e e e m m m m m m IN THE ADULT m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m Cohn FM_pi-xx.indd 1 08/05/17 4:55 pm o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m Notice o o o o o o c c Medicine is an ever-changing sccience. As new research and clinical expceri- c c e. e. ence broaden our knowledgee., changes in treatment and drug theraep.y are e. e. e e required. The authors ande the publisher of this work have checeked with e e r r sources believed to be rerliable in their efforts to provide informartion that is r r f f f f f f s s s s s s complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of k k k k k k o o publication. Howoever, in view of the possibility of human oerror or changes in o o o o medical sciencoes, neither the authors nor the publishero nor any other party o o b b who has beebn involved in the preparation or publicbation of this work war- b b e e e e e e rants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or m m m m m m complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with m m other sources. For example and in partmicular, readers are advised to check the m m m o o product information sheet includedo in the package of each drug they plan too o o c c administer to be certain that thec information contained in this work is acccu- c c . . . . . . e e rate and that changes have noet been made in the recommended dose oer in the e e e e contraindications for admeinistration. This recommendation is of eparticular e e r r r r r r f f importance in connectfion with new or infrequently used drugsf. f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m Cohn FM_pi-xx.indd 2 08/05/17 4:55 pm o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b CARDb IAC SUb RGERYb b e e e e e e m m m m m m IN THE ADULT m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s sFifth Edition s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m Lawrence H. Cm ohn, MD m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c Virginia and James Hubbard Professor of Cardiac Surgery . . . . . . e e Harvared Medical School e e e e e e e e e Division of Cardiac Surgery r r r r r r f f Brigfham and Women’s Hospital f f f s s s s s s k k k Boston, Massachusetts k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o David H. Adams, MD b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m Cardiac Surgeon-in-Chief, Mount Sinai Hemalth System m m Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Professor and Chairman Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and The Mount Sinai Hospital m m m m m m New York, New York o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f New York Chicago fSan Francisco Athens London Madfrid Mexico City f f s s s s s s Milan New Delhi Singapore Sydney Toronto k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m Cohn FM_pi-xx.indd 3 08/05/17 4:55 pm o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m o o o o c c c c . . . . e e e e Copyright © e2018 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rigehts reserved. 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This limitation of liability shall appely r r r r to any clafim or cause whatsoever whether such clfaim or cause arises in contract, tort or oftherwise. f s s s s k k k k o o o o o o o o b b b b e e e e m m m m m m m m o o o o c c c c . . . . e e e e e e e e r r r r f f f f s s s s k k k k o o o o o o o o b b b b e e e e m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c e. e. Lea.wrence H. Cohn, MD e. e. e. e e e e e e r The 5thr edition of Cardiac Surgery in the Adult isr dedicated to adult cardiac surgeryr. During his career Dr. Cohn earned the r r f f f f f f s Dr. Lsawrence Cohn, Emeritus Chief of the Divsision of Cardiac highest awards ansd honors a cardiac surgeon could possibsly s k k k k k k o oSurgery at Brigham and Women’s Hospiotal and Virginia and achieve, servinog as the 79th President of the Americano Asso- o o oJames Hubbard Professor of Cardiaoc Surgery at Harvard ciation for oThoracic Surgery, receiving an honoraryo Masters o b b Medical School, who sadly passed abway unexpectedly during of Medicibne from Harvard, and receiving the Amebrican Heart b e e e e e e the final stages of preparation of this latest edition of “his” Association’s Paul Dudley White Award, among numerous m m m m m m reference textbook. Dr. Cohn leaves a legacy of excellence others. He would claim his greatest honor, however, was the seldom seen in academic surgery, and he will be sorely missed opportunity to train over 200 residents and fellows from all by all of us who knew him, and especially those of us lucky over the world, many of whom went on to become Divi- m enough to have been mm entored by him. Dr. Cohn received his m sion Chiefs, Department Chairs, anmd leaders in the specialty. m m o training in cardioothoracic surgery under the tutelageo of His American Association for oThoracic Surgery presidential o o c Dr. Norman Shcumway at Stanford University, and after ccom- address “What the Cardiothorcacic Surgeon of the 21st Century c c . . . . . . e pleting his feellowship in 1971 he joined the staff of tehe Peter Ought to Be” personifies ethe essence of what made him one e e e Bent Brigeham Hospital in Boston. Over the nexet 45 years of the masters of cardieac surgery who will be remembered e e r r r r r r f he wafs the driving force behind the success off the Harvard by generations to cfome. Through leadership by example inf f s s s s s s program, and became the Chief of the Division of Cardiac all phases of his career, his unwavering commitment to the k k k k k k o oSurgery in 1986. A clinical cardiac surgeoon first and foremost, individual patoient was the foundation of all of his accomoplish- o o oDr. Cohn performed over 11,000 openo heart procedures dur- ments, and ofew surgeons have had such a profound imopact on o b b b b b b ing his career, and was best known for his pioneering and our specialty. Dr. Cohn was my teacher, mentor, and friend, e e e e e e international leadership in minimally invasive valve surgery. and it was an honor to be asked by his wife of 55 years, Roberta, m m m m m m His academic contributions included over 500 peer-reviewed to assume the role of Co-Editor to complete this 5th edition of publications, 100 book chapters, and 750 invited lectures on his textbook. Dr. Cohn left footprints too large to fill, but with virtually all topics in cardiac surgery, but perhaps his greatest the help of the many authors who contributed chapters and m m m m m m academic legacy was his editorship of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th the publisher’s leadership, we now present this peer tribute to o editions of Cardiaco Surgery in the Adult, which under his visioon one of the greatest cardiac surgeoons of all time. o o c c c c c c became the most widely referenced international textbook in . . . . . . e e e e David H. Adams, MD e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m Cohn FM_pi-xx.indd 5 08/05/17 4:55 pm o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f Thfis page intentionally left blank f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m Cohn FM_pi-xx.indd 6 08/05/17 4:55 pm o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k COk NTENTS k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e Contribuetors xi e PERIOPEReATIVE/INTRAOPERATIVE e e r r r II r r r f f f CARE 2f21 f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o 10. Preoperative Evaluation for Cardiac o o o o o o b b b Surgeryb 223 b b I FUNDAMENTALS 1 e e e e e e Christian T. Ruff / Patrick T. O’Gara m m m m m m 1. History of Cardiac Surgery 3 11. Cardiac Anesthesia 233 Larry W. Stephenson / Frank A. Baciewicz, Jr. John G. Augoustides / William C. Culp / Wendy Gross / m m m Annette Mizuguchi / Prakash A. Pmatel / Kent Rehfeldt / m m 2. Surgical Anatomy of the Heart 21 o o o Pinak Shah / Usha Tedrow / Stoanton K. Shernan o o c Michael R. Millc / Robert H. Anderson / Lawrence H. Ccohn c c c . . . . . . e e e 12. Echocardiographye in Cardiac Surgery 267 e e e 3. Cardieac Surgical Physiology 43 e e e e Eliza P. Teo / Michael H. Picard / Hanjo Ko / r r r r r r f Edwafrd B. Savage / Nicolas A. Brozzi f Michael N. D’Ambfra f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o4. Cardiac Surgical Pharmacology o71 13. Extracoroporeal Circulation 299 o o o o o o o o Jerrold H. Levy / Jacob N. Schroder / James G. Ramsay John W. Hammon / Michael H. Hines b b b b b b e e e e e e m m 5. Cardiovascular Pathologm y 99 14. mTransfusion Therapy and Blood m m Frederick J. Schoen / Robert F. Padera Conservation 347 Andreas R. de Biasi / William J. DeBois / 6. Computed Tomography of the Adult O. Wayne Isom / Arash Salemi m m m m m m Cardiac Surgery Patient: Principles o o o o o o and Applications 157 15. Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest 361 c c c c c c . Andreas A. G.iannopoulos / Frank J. Rybicki / . Bradley G. Leshnower / E.dward P. Chen . . e e e e e e Tarang Sheth / Frederick Y. Chen e e e e e e r r r 16. Myocardial Prrotection 373 r r f f f f f f s 7. Rsisk Assessment and Performance s M. Salik Jahania /s Roberta A. Gottlieb / s s k Imkprovement in Cardiac Surgery 1k83 Robert M. Menktzer, Jr. k k o o o o o o o oVictor A. Ferraris / Fred H. Edwards o/ Jeremiah T. Martin o o o b b b 17. Postboperative Care of Cardiac Surgerby b e e 8. Simulation in Cardiac Surgeery 207 Patienets 405 e e m m m m m m Jennifer D. Walker / Philip J. Spencer / Toni B. Walzer / Farhang Yazdchi / James D. Rawn Jeffrey B. Cooper 18. Temporary Mechanical Circulatory m 9. The Integrated mCardiovascular Center 217 m Support 429 m m m o T. Konrad Rajab /o Lawrence Lee / o Edwin C. McGee, Jr. / Nader Mooazami o o c Vakhtang Tchacntchaleishvili / Mandeep R. Mehra / c c c c . . . . . . e John G. Byrene e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k vii k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m Cohn FM_pi-xx.indd 7 08/05/17 4:55 pm o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . viii C.ontents . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f 31. Surgical Treatmfent of Aortic Valve f f s III sISCHEMIC HEART DISEASsE 451 s s s k k k Endocarditis 7k31 k k o o o Gösta B. Petterosson / Syed T. Hussain o o o o19. Myocardial Revascularization woith o o o b bPercutaneous Devices 453 b 32. Minimbally Invasive Aortic b b e e e e e e m m James M. Wilson / James T. Wimllerson Valve mSurgery 743 m m Prem S. Shekar / Lawrence S. Lee / Lawrence H. Cohn 20. Myocardial Revascularization with Cardiopulmonary Bypass 471 33. Percutaneous Treatment of Aortic Valve m m m m m m Michael H. Kwon / George Tolis, Jr. / Thoralf M. Sundt Disease 751 o o o o o o c c c Stephanie L. Mick / Lars G. Svcensson c c 21. Myocardial Revascularization Without . . . . . . e e e e e e Cardiopulmonary Bypass 519 e e e e e e r Bobby Yarnagawa / Michael E. Halkos / John D.r Puskas V MITRAL VArLVE DISEASE 759 r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k 22. kMyocardial Revascularization afterk k k k o o o 34. Pathophysoiology of Mitral Valve o o Acute Myocardial Infarction 539 o o o o o o Disease 761 b bDeane E. Smith III / Mathew R. Williabms b b b e e e James I. eFann / Neil B. Ingels, Jr. / D. Craig Mileler e m m 23. Minimally Invasive Myocmardial m m m 35. Mitral Valve Repair 797 Revascularization 559 Dan Loberman / Paul A. Pirundini / John G. Byrne / Piroze M. Davierwala / David M. Holzhey / m Friedrich W. Mohr m m Lawrence H. Cohn m m m o o o o o o 36. Mitral Valve Repair: Rheumatic 817 c 24. Coronary Acrtery Reoperations 575 c c c c e. Bruce W. Lytlee ./ George Tolis, Jr. e. Javier G. Castillo / David He.. Adams e. e. e e e e e e r r r 37. Surgery for Funrctional Mitral r r f 25. Surfgical Treatment of Complications f f f f s s s Regurgitation 8s25 s s of Myocardial Infarction, Ventricular Septal k k k k k k o Deofect, Myocardial Rupture, and Leoft Matthew A. Romoano / Steven F. Bolling o o o oVentricular Aneurysm 595 o o o o b b b 38. Surgicbal Treatment of Mitral Valve b b e e Donald D. Glower e e e e Endocarditis 835 m m m m m m Gösta B. Pettersson / Syed T. Hussain IV AORTIC VALVE DISEASE 631 39. Mitral Valve Repair for Congenital m m m m m m Mitral Valve Disease in the Adult 847 o 26. Pathophysioloogy of Aortic Valve Disease 633o o o o David P. Bichell / Bret Mettler c c c c c c Anna Brzezinski / Marijan Koprivanac / A. Marc Gillinov / . . . . . . e Tomislav Mihaeljevic e 40. Minimally Invasive aend Robotic Mitral e e e e e e e e and Tricuspid Valve Surgery 855 r r r r r r f 27. Aofrtic Valve Replacement with a f f f f s s s W. Randolph Chitwsood, Jr./ Barbara Robinson / s s k Meckhanical Cardiac Valve Prosthesis k649 L. Wiley Nifong k k k o Roobert W. Emery / Rochus K. Voeller / Roobert J. Emery o o o o o o o o o 41. Percutaneous Catheter-based Mitral Valve b b b b b b e e 28. Stented Bioprosthetic Aoretic Valve Repair e885 e e m m Replacement 665 m m m m Mani Arsalan / J. Michael DiMaio / Michael Mack Bobby Yanagawa / Subodh Verma / George T. Christakis 42. Mitral Valve Replacement 895 29. Stentless Aortic Valve and Root m m m Tsuyoshi Kaneko / Maroun Yamminme / m m Replacement 695 o o o Dan Loberman / Sary Aranki o o o c Paul Stelzer / Rocbin Varghese c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e 30. Aortic Valve Repair and Aortic e e e e e e r Valve-Spraring Operations 717 r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s Tirone E. David k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m Cohn FM_pi-xx.indd 8 08/05/17 4:55 pm o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . Contents ix . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f fVALVULAR HEART DISEASfE 54. Surgery for Aftrial Fibrillation 1167 f f s VIs s s s s k k (OTHER) 925 k Matthew C. Heknn / Spencer J. Melby / k k o o o Ralph J. Damoiano, Jr. o o o o o o o o b b 43. Tricuspid Valve Disease 9b27 b b b 55. Surgical Implantation of Pacemakers e e e e e e Richard J. Shemin / Peyman Benharash m m m andm Automatic Defibrillators 1181 m m Henry M. Spotnitz / Michelle D. Spotnitz 44. Multiple Valve Disease 943 Hartzell V. Schaff / Rakesh M. Suri m m m m m m OTHER CARDIAC o 45. Valvular ando Ischemic Heart Disease 965 o IX o o o c c c OPERATIONS c1213 c c Kevin D. Accola / Clay M. Burnett . . . . . . e e e e e e e 46. Reopeerative Valve Surgery 983 e 56. Surgery for Aduelt Congenital Heart e e r r r r r r f Juliusf I. Ejiofor / John G. Byrne / Marzia Leafcche Disease 1215 f f f s s s s s s k k k Redmond P. Bukrke k k o o o o o o o o o o o o SURGERY OF THE GREAT 57. Pericardial Disease 1225 b b VII b b b b e e VESSELS 1001 e Eric N.e Feins / Jennifer D. Walker e e m m m m m m 58. Cardiac Neoplasms 1243 47. Aortic Dissection 1003 Basel Ramlawi / Michael J. Reardon Ravi K. Ghanta / Carlos M. Mery / Irving L. Kron m m m m m m o 48. Ascending oand Arch Aortic Aneurysms 103o7 o o o c c c TRANSPLANTc AND MECHANICAL c c Chase R. Brown / Joseph E. Bavaria / Nimesh D. Desai X e. e. e. CIRCULATOeR.Y SUPPORT 1277 e. e. e e e e e e 49. Descending and Thoracoabdominal r r r r r r f Aortifc Aneurysms 1075 f 59. Immunobiolofgy of Heart and Lung f f s s s s s s k Jokseph S. Coselli / Kim de la Cruz / Ouraknia Preventza / Transplantatiokn 1279 k k o o o o o o Scott A. LeMaire Bartley P. Griffith / Agnes Azimzadeh o o o o o o b b b b b b e e 50. Endovascular Therapy foer the Treatment 60. Heeart Transplantation 1299 e e m m of Thoracic Aortic Diseasem 1101 m m m Richard J. Shemin / Mario Deng Susan D. Moffatt-Bruce / R. Scott Mitchell 61. Lung Transplantation and Heart-lung m 51. Trauma to them Great Vessels 1109 m Transplantation 1331 m m m o Tom P. Theruvatho / Claudio J. Schonholz / o Hari R. Mallidi / Jatin Anand /o Robert C. Robbins o o c John S. Ikonomcidis c c c c e. e. e. 62. Long-term Mechaen.ical Circulatory e. e. e 52. Pulmeonary Embolism and Pulmonary e Support and the Toetal Artificial Heart 1361 e e r Thromrboendarterectomy 1127 r r r r f f f Andrew C. W. Baldfwin / Courtney J. Gemmato / f f s s s s s s k Stkuart W. Jamieson / Michael M. Madanki William E. Cohnk / O. H. Frazier k k o o o o o o o o o 63. Tissueo Engineering for Cardiac Valve o o b b SURGERY FOR CARbDIAC Surgeryb 1391 b b e e VIII e e e e m m ARRHYTHMIASm 1145 Danmielle Gottlieb / John E. Mayer m m 53. Interventional Therapy for Atrial and Index 1401 m Ventricular Arrhytmhmias 1147 m m m m o Jason S. Chinitz /o Robert E. Eckart / Laurence M. Epsteoin o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m m m m m m m Cohn FM_pi-xx.indd 9 08/05/17 4:55 pm o o o o o o c c c c c c . . . . . . e e e e e e e e e e e e r r r r r r f f f f f f s s s s s s k k k k k k o o o o o o o o o o o o b b b b b b e e e e e e m m m m m m