Cardamine lojanensis (Brassieaceae), a New Species from Ecuador Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz Missouri Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. Cardamine lojanensis, a new Ecuador¬ Cauline leaves 2—6, with 13—19 leaflets, similar in ian species from Loja Province, is described and morphology to basal leaves, reduced in size and illustrated. Its relationship to the nearest South degree of leaflet division upward; petiole 0.7—1.2 American species is discussed. cm long; rachis 2^1X as long as petiole; leaflets short petiolulate or subsessile in uppermost leaves. During preparation of the Brassicaceae for the Inflorescences corymbose racemes, elongated con¬ Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador, a loan siderably in fruit, lowermost few flowers bracteate; of Cardamine from AAU was studied. It included bract usually adnate to pedicel, lowermost pinnat¬ four specimens of a species that did not match any ifid to pinnatisect. Sepals oblong, 3-4 mm long, of the known South American members. The new 1.2—1.5 mm wide, slightly saccate, erect or suber¬ species, C. lojanensis, is named after Loja Province, ect, caducous after anthesis, glabrous, scarious at from which it was collected. margin and apex. Petals white, broadly obovate to suborbicular, 8—11 mm long, 6—7 mm wide, abrupt¬ Cardamine lojanensis Al-Shehbaz, sp. nov. ly narrowed into a clawlike base to 1 mm long, apex TYPE: Ecuador. Prov. Loja: Parque Nacional shallowly subemarginate to subtruncate and with a Podocarpus, Cerro Toledo E of Yangana, wet minute apicula. Stamens conspicuously tetradyna- paramo around radio station, 3400—3450 m, mous, erect; filaments white, median pairs 4—5 mm 79°6'W, 4°24'S, 26 Feb. 1985, B. 0llgaard, S. long, lateral pair 3—3.5 mm long; anthers oblong, Laegaard, K. Thomsen, K. Korning & T. Ilium ca. 1 mm long. Nectar glands confluent, well de¬ 58147 (holotype, AAU). Figure 1. veloped into 2 median teeth and 4 lateral teeth, lateral teeth 1 on each side of a lateral stamen, Herba perenna, rhizoma tuberosa squamosa; folia bas- fruiting pedicels ascending, straight, glabrous, stri¬ alia pinnata, petiolis ad basem complanatis triangularibus persistentibus, petiolis rhachibus equali vel duplo lon- ate, lowermost 2—2.5 cm long, gradually shorter up¬ gioribus; foliola 6-11-jugata, petiolulata, pinnatifida, la- ward. Fruit linear. 2.5—5 cm long, ca. 2 mm wide, einiata, vel incisa, foliolum terminale foliolis lateralibus on a gynophore to 1 mm long; style 3—4 mm long; similis, cilia 0.06—0.12 mm longae; lolia caulina 2—6, for¬ stigma discoid, slightly wider than style. Seeds ma foliis basalibus similia, rhachidibus petiolis duplo vel brown, oblong, ca. 2.4 Xl.2 mm. quadruplo longioribus; sepala oblonga, glabra, 3-4 mm longa; petala alba, late obovata vel suborbiculata, 8—11 mm longa, 6—7 mm lata, subtruncata vel subemarginata, Distribution and habitat. In wet paramo, upper apiculata, minute unguiculata; pedicelli fructiferi recti, montane forests, scrubby subparamo, and heath striati, basales 2-2.5 cm longi; fructus linearis, stipitatus, and chaparral vegetation in Parque Nacional Po¬ 2.5—5 cm longus; stylus 3-4 mm longus. docarpus, Loja Province, at 3000-3450 m. Herbs perennial. Rhizomes tuberous, scaly, with Cardamine lojanensis is readily distinguished persistent expanded petiolar bases of previous from all of the tuberous South American species by years. Stems 1 or 2. erect, somewhat striate, gla¬ its pinnately compound basal leaves with 6-11 brous or rarely sparsely minutely hairy. Basal pairs of petiolulate lateral leaflets. All of the other leaves compound, with 13—23 leaflets; petiole 1.5— South American tuberous species of Cardamine (C. 6 cm long, 1-2 X as long as leaf rachis, distinctly garavaentae O. E. Schulz, C. hispidula Philippi, C. expanded into a triangular, winged, persistent base macrostachya Philippi, C. tuberosa DC., C. valdi- that becomes scalelike in subsequent seasons; ra¬ viana Philippi, C. variabilis Philippi, and C. vul¬ chis grooved. 0.7-3 cm long; leaflets petiolulate, garis Philippi), which are distributed exclusively in ovate to ovate-oblong in outline, 2-11 mm long, 1- Chile and Argentina, have simple, trifoliolate, or 7 mm wide, pinnatifid. laciniate, to incised, the rarely pinnately compound basal leaves with 2-4 segments usually incised to dentate, margin sparse¬ pairs of sessile lateral leaflets. Furthermore, the tu¬ ly ciliate with minute trichomes 0.06-0.12 mm berous rhizomes in these species are not scaly and long, apex acute, terminal segment as large as lat¬ the bracts are not adnate to pedicels, whereas in eral ones; petiolule grooved, (0.5—) 1 —3 mm long. C. lojanensis the rhizomes are scaly and the bracts Novon 7: 6-8. 1997. Volume 7, Number 1 Al-Shehbaz 7 1997 Cardamine lojanensis from Ecuador Figure 1. a—h. Cardamine lojanensis Al-Shehbaz. —a. Plant. —b. Leaflet. —c. Portion of leaflet margin. d. Sepal. —e. Petal. —f. Median (long) and lateral stamens. —g. Median view of nectar glands. —h. Lateral view of nectar glands. Figures a—c from 0llgaard et al. 5814/. d—h from 0llgaard et al. o8037. Scale bars: a — 1 cm. b — 5 mm, c = 0.5 mm, d—h = 1 mm. 8 Novon are adnate to pedicels. These differences are rather recognized 23 species with 32 additional infraspe- significant, and the new species is apparently un¬ cific taxa. The opposite extreme was taken by Sjos- related to any of the tuberous species listed above. tedt (1975), who reduced the 97 species described A critical examination of the other South Amer¬ from Central and South America to only 5 and ba¬ ican Cardamine shows that C. lojanensis is more sically ignored the tremendous amount of diversity closely related to some of the perennial Ecuadorian among the Latin American Cardamine. There are and Colombian members of the genus, especially at least 30 well-defined species in South America those that have pinnately compound hasal leaves (Al-Shehbaz, 1988), but most of the infraspecific with petiolulate leaflets, large flowers with petals taxa recognized by Schulz (1903) and Gilg and 8-18 mm long, and bracteate lower portions of the Muschler (1909) can be reduced to synonymy. inflorescence. It is most closely related to C. picta Paratypes. ECUADOR. Loja (all localities in Parque Hooker (Colombia, Ecuador), C. jamesonii Hooker Nacional Podocarpus): Cerro Toledo, 3350 m, 79°7'W (Ecuador), and C. obliqua A. Rich. Cardamine ob- 4°23'S, Madsen. Bloch & Christensen 75664 (AAU); Cerro Toledo, E of Yangana, 3300—3450 m, 79°6'W 4°24'S, 011- liqua, which includes C. johnstonii Oliver and C. gaard, Lae guard, Thomsen, Korning & Ilium 58037 rhizomata Rollins, is a highly variable species (Jon- (AAU); Cerro Toledo, 79°20'W 4°23'S, 3000-3400 m, sell, 1982) distributed in tropical Africa, southern Madsen. Bergman & Pedersen 86117 (AAU). Central America, and northern South America (Rol¬ Acknowledgment. I thank Henk van der Werff lins. 1993). From these three species, C. lojanensis for correcting the Latin description. is readily distinguished hy its tuberous scaly rhi¬ zomes, basal leaves with 6-11 pairs of lateral leaf¬ Titerature Cited lets, and minute triehomes only 0.06—0.12 mm Al-Shehbaz. I. A. 1988. The genera of Arabideae (Cru- long. In contrast, C. picta, C. jamesonii, and C. ob¬ ciferae; Brassicaceae) in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 69; 8,5—166. liqua have slender rhizomes that are neither tuber¬ Gilg, E. & R. Muschler. 1909. Aufzahlung aller zur Zeit ous nor scaly, basal leaves with up to 5 pairs of Bekannten siidamerikanischen Cruciferen. Bot. Jahrb. lateral leaflets, and leaves glabrous or with tri- Syst. 42: 437-187. chomes that are much longer. Jonsell. B. 1982. Crueiferae. In: R. M. Polhill (editor), FI. Tropical East Africa. Rotterdam. The boundaries between several of the South Rollins. R. C. 1993. The Crueiferae of Continental North American species of Cardamine are difficult to de¬ America. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford. fine, and the genus is badly in need of a critical Schulz, 0. E. 1903. Monographic der Gattung Cardamine. revision. Schulz (1903) recognized in South Amer¬ Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 32: 280-623. Sjostedt, B. 1975. Revision of the genus Cardamine L. ica as many as 27 species with 28 additional infra¬ (Crueiferae) in South and Central America. Bot. Not. specific taxa, whereas Gilg and Muschler (1909) 128: 8-19.