UN Nature l V* CAO JUM Hymns to Mature edited by John Sallis McMullen Museum of Art, Boston College This publication is issued in conjunction with the exhibition CaoJun: Hymns to Nature in the Daley Family and lVIonan Galleries at the McMullen Museum of Art, Boston College, February 5-June 3, 2018. Organized by the McMullen Museum, Hymns to Nature has been curated by John Sallis and underwritten by Boston College with major support from the Patrons of the McMullen Museum. Library of Congress Control Number: 2017960335 ISBN: 978-1-892850-30-0 Distributed by the University of Chicago Press Printed in the United States of America © 2018 The Trustees of Boston College © 1999-2017 CaoJun Designer: John McCoy Copyeditor: Kate Shugert Front: Vast Sky and Autumn Water 2017, plate 26 Back: Poetry's Evocative Power over Wind and Fog i^'&lfiJcJXl, 2014, plate 28 Endpapers: Poetic Water $Bi#^.7j<, 2013, plate 7 All works appear courtesy of Cao Jun and are from his collection. Plates photography by Christopher Soldt (Boston College). Contents Preface 1 Introduction 2 JOHN SALLIS The Art of Cao Jun: The Painting of Stone and Its Transformation 3 XIA KEJUN Poetic Sensibility in the Work of Cao Jun 9 ALEJANDRO A. VALLEGA The Opening of In-between Spaces in Cao Jun’s Art 15 YANG GUANG The Interplay between the Invisible and Visible: Cao Jun’s Re-presentation of the Spirit of Chinese Painting 19 WANG HUA1YU Seeing into the Self in Nature: Awakening through Cao Jun’s Painting 25 BRET W. DAVIS Vision 35 JOHN SALLIS Plates 39 Contributors 113 Preface In 2013, John Sallis, Boston College’s Frederick ist by filming a video to complete one of the The McMullen Museum could not have brought J. Adelmann, SJ Professor of Philosophy, vis¬ works on display (plate 64). this project to fruition without the continued ited Cao Jun at his museum complex in Wuxi, generosity of the administration of Boston Col¬ not far from Shanghai. At the time, Sallis, who Sallis enlisted an outstanding group of scholars lege and the McMullen Family Foundation. We curated the lVIcMullen’s groundbreaking Paul from China and America to offer expertise and especially thank Jacqueline McMullen, Presi¬ Klee: Philosophical Vision; From Nature to Art contribute essays to this volume, for which he dent William P. Leahy, SJ; Provost David Quig¬ in 2012, had been focusing on the aesthetics also wrote: Bret W. Davis, Alejandro A. Valle- ley; Vice Provost Billy Soo; Morrissey College of older classical Chinese landscape painting. ga, Wang Huaiyu, Xia Kejun, and Yang Guang. of Arts and Sciences Dean Gregory Kalscheur, Fie was immediately intrigued by Cao Jun’s In addition, Yang Guang translated calligraphy SJ; and Director of the Institute for Liberal Arts novel visual solutions that blend techniques and inscriptions on the paintings, and the oth¬ Mary Crane. Major support for the exhibition from traditional Chinese painting with innova¬ er four writers each helped with translations was provided by the Patrons of the McMullen tive, modern ones. Sallis was so impressed, that of several titles of the paintings. Kerry Brogan Museum, chaired by C. Michael Daley. To all in speaking with Cao Jun, he proposed writing provided invaluable advice and Nancy Fedrow mentioned above, who made this such a pleas¬ an essay about the artist’s paintings. He pre¬ ably assisted in preparing texts and images. ant and productive collaboration, we record sented versions of the resulting essay entitled our thanks. “Hymns to Nature: Cao Jun and the Renewal Assistant Director John McCoy designed this of Chinese Landscape Painting” over the last book and the exhibition’s graphics to accom¬ Nancy Netzer several years in Milan, Reykjavik, and Boston. modate the unusual sizes of Cao Jun’s work Director and Professor of Art History In 2015, when he introduced the McMullen and to capture his art as hymns to nature. team to Cao Jun’s paintings, calligraphy, and Manager of Publications and Exhibitions Kate porcelain, we responded enthusiastically to his Shugert organized loans and copyedited this proposal for mounting an exhibition display¬ volume with exceptional perception and atten¬ ing the full range of the artist’s work, the first tion to detail. Rachel Chamberlain, Manager of of its kind in the United States. Education, Outreach, and Digital Resources, has created a series of public lectures, confer¬ In the course of preparation for the exhibition, ences, workshops, and events to engage audi¬ Sallis has expanded his essay for the catalogue ences of all ages with ideas connected to the and wall texts through additional research and artist’s work. extended interviews with Cao Jun. Indeed, the exhibition’s subtitle derives from the artist’s Colleagues across Boston College guided es¬ statement: “The images on my canvases are sential aspects of the exhibition. Christopher the hymns 1 write to nature.” It is to Sallis, Soldt from Media Technology Services under¬ who has masterminded this seminal analy¬ took new photography for the book. Anastos sis of Cao Jun’s work with graciousness and Chiavaras and Rose Breen from the Office of a philosopher’s precision, that the Museum Risk Management provided help with insur¬ owes its greatest debt of gratitude. He select¬ ance. Peter Marino, from the Center for Cen¬ ed the works to be displayed in consultation ters, and the Advancement Office aided with with Diana Larsen, one of the Museum’s As¬ funding. We remain grateful for the following sistant Directors. She designed the installation Museum endowments that provide vital sup¬ in the Daley Family and Monan Galleries to port for all our projects: Linda ’64 and Adam complement the aesthetic themes presented. Crescenzi Fund, Janet M. and C. Michael Daley Of course, the project could not have been re¬ ’58 Fund, Gerard and Jane Gaughan Fund for alized without Cao Jun and his wife, Nancy, Exhibitions, Hecksher Family Fund, Hightower to whom we extend heartfelt thanks for their Family Fund, John F. McCarthy and Gail M. kind cooperation and for generous loans from Bayer Fund, Christopher J. Toomey 78 Fund, their collection. We also acknowledge Steven and Alison S. and William M. Vareika 74, P’09, Rockefeller Jr. who collaborated with the art¬ ’15 Fund. 1 Introduction JOHN SALL1S Cao Jun was born in Jiangyan, Jiangsu Prov¬ Echoing a Poem (plate 10) bears the signature of Prom an early age, Cao Jun liked to read, write, ince, China, in 1966. His early environment was John Kay, former prime minister of Hew Zealand. and sing. His interest extends to various kinds shaped by the presence of water, by rivers and A group of Cao Jun’s paintings has been exhibit¬ of music, and quite often he integrates musical lakes of the region. The prominence of water in ed at the Louvre. And he was the only painter to elements into his art. The famous composer Tan his art and his preference for lotus as subject have a work chosen to travel, along with works Dun once wrote about him: “1 like Kandinsky’s matter stem from his early experiences. The warm by composers, poets, etc., on a spacecraft to the and Cao Jun’s paintings because of the musical¬ and moist climate of his native region was ideal moon and back in 2014. ly of their art. 1 ‘watched’ Cao Jun’s ‘concert’ in for applying water and ink to Xuan paper. Cao Hew York several times. Each time 1 listened to Jun’s art is deeply rooted in the long tradition of During the past decade, Cao Jun has visited many a new piece of his, 1 was intensely moved. In the art and literature of southern China, especially in of the most important museums in the world in flow and rhythm of colors, 1 saw sounds, heard the tradition of water and ink painting. order to study at first hand their masterpieces. colors, and got an intuitive understanding of the This experience has widened his horizon, yet also structure of a cosmic symphony.” Cao Jun studied and worked near Mount Tai for has made him aware of the differences between eighteen years and during this period developed Asian art and Western art; his awareness of these Cao Jun’s more recent style, involving bold a keen understanding of mountains, which figure differences is, in part, responsible for the unpre¬ and unconstrained use of splashed ink or color, very significantly in many of his paintings. Fasci¬ dictable, diverse styles of his art. evolved from his earlier, realistic style involving nated with Mount Tai, he became more familiar minute fine brushwork (gongbi). He is an inde¬ with it than even the local people. After gradua¬ His travel itinerary included the South Foie and fatigable worker, engaging in the production tion from college, he worked with the forest ser¬ the Horth Pole. He was especially overwhelmed of his art more than ten hours each day. When vice of the Mount Tai area. During this time he by the tranquility and vastness of the South Po¬ creating his early paintings of lions and tigers drew sketches of many of the 2,200 calligraphic lar region. He tells of how, sailing for twenty in which each hair is distinctly represented, he scripts on rocks and tablets from various dynas¬ days across the blue ocean, he was shocked and painted the animals’ coats at breakneck speed; ties; he also sketched many of the masterpieces in a sense “awakened” by the constantly chang¬ he compares such creative activity to the practice of painting collected by the Dai Temple Muse¬ ing colors under the Antarctic sun. Afterward, as of asceticism or to an explosion of accumulated um. Mount Tai, a heritage of world culture and a a result of this revelation, the overlapping fusion energy. In his early work, Cao Jun used a thin, paradigm of natural sublimity, was perhaps Cao of colors took the place of the detailed depic¬ delicate kind of brush; more recently he often Jun’s most important teacher. tions characteristic of his early work. Through paints with a huge brush that resembles a horse’s this transition he entered into an even freer state tail. Sometimes, in a kind of free release, he sim¬ Later Cao Jun studied at the Central Academy of mind in creating his art. ply throws the brush away and pours pigments of Art in Beijing. Here he received systematic on the canvas or the paper. training and had an opportunity to regard his Cao Jun studied at a mining college, and there art in a broader context so as to assess his prog¬ he learned to analyze mineral substances under In discussing the imperative that the artist enter ress and develop his skills. The period of study in a microscope and to observe land forms using society at large and in detailing the numerous Beijing was vital for his development. It allowed telemetry and remote sensing. These methods, cultural objects and social practices with which him both to expand his artistic outlook and to usually employed to find mineral resources, lat¬ the artist needs to be familiar, Cao Jun offers the resolve certain theoretical problems bearing on er became for him a key to open the gate of example of Mozart. Hot even Mozart’s musical his art. art. Mixing mineral pigments himself, he used genius allowed him simply on his own to create them, in combination with water and ink, for his music. Rather, Cao Jun observes, he received Subsequently, Cao Jun gained new perspectives color-splashing and for the production of oil sustenance from Erench fairy tale, fable, Teuton¬ by living in blew Zealand and the United States paints. Drawing on the remote sensing he ic culture, Italian opera, and Latin culture; and and by traveling throughout Europe. In Hew learned during his time in college, along with all this “helped to form his artistic character and Zealand he was able to devote himself entirely to Google Maps, Cao Jun gradually developed his encouraged the emergence of everlasting Mo¬ his painting, which came to be highly acclaimed own perspective on and approach to the obser¬ zart!”1 there. His painting Lotus (plate 29) was signed vation of nature, which has also been informed by Helen Clark, who at the time was prime min¬ by his extensive travels. ister of Hew Zealand; his painting A Light Rain 1 This account of Cao Jun’s artistic itinerary is based on oral and written reports from him. 2