L la n a Checkerboard s Library What did you eat for lunch today? Did you wash down your delicious meal with a cold soft drink? From crunchy chicken to sparkling soda, chances are the treats you love were created by Food Dudes! This C a series unwraps the facts behind these tasty concoctions and their le b talented creators. Get the scoop on each innovator’s childhood, D a education, early career, and climb to the top. Easy-to-read text v is accompanied by full-color and historic photos will leave you hungry B r for more. Extra morsels such as a timeline and a sidebar add to a d h this recipe for fun. So pull up a chair and dig in to Food Dudes! a m : P e p Ettore Boiardi: Chef Boyardee Manufacturer s i- B O OK S Caleb Davis Bradham: Pepsi-Cola Inventor Co I N T H I S Tom Monaghan: Domino’s Pizza Innovator la In S E T John Pemberton: Coca-Cola Developer ven t o Colonel Harland Sanders: KFC Creator r Dave Thomas: Wendy’s Founder ABDO PUBLISHING IS A DIVISION OF ABDO WWW.ABDOPUBLISHING.COM Sheila Griffi n Llanas Food Dudes C ale b Dav Is braDh am: Pepsi-Cola Inventor Sheila Griffin Llanas An Imprint of Abdo Publishing www.abdopublishing.com Caleb Davis bradham: Pepsi-Cola Inventor www.abdopublishing.com Published by Abdo Publishing, a division of ABDO, PO Box 398166, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55439. Copyright © 2015 by Abdo Consulting Group, Inc. International copyrights reserved in all countries. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher. Checkerboard Library™ is a trademark and logo of Abdo Publishing. Printed in the United States of America, North Mankato, Minnesota. 052014 092014 Cover Photos: Getty Images, Wikimedia Commons Interior Photos: Alamy pp. 9, 27; Images courtesy of Bob Stoddard pp. 1, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26; Library of Congress p. 11 Pepsi historical information provided by Bob Stoddard Pepsi-Cola Company historian Series Coordinator: Megan M. Gunderson Editor: Rochelle Baltzer Art Direction: Neil Klinepier Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Llanas, Sheila Griffin, 1958- Caleb Davis Bradham : Pepsi-Cola inventor / Sheila Griffin Llanas. pages cm. -- (Food dudes) ISBN 978-1-62403-315-5 1. Bradham, Caleb Davis, 1867-1934--Juvenile literature. 2. Pepsi-Cola Company--Juvenile literature. 3. Soft drink industry--United States--Juvenile literature. 4. Businessmen--United States- -Biography--Juvenile literature. 5. Pharmacists--United States--Biography--Juvenile literature. I. Title. HD9349.S632B735 2015 338.7’66362092--dc23 [B] 2014000100 2 Contents North Carolina Boy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Studying Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Brad’s Drink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 One-Man Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 At the Top . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 The Price of Sugar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Getting By . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Twice as Much . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 A Hit Song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Ads & Superstars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Modern Megabrand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Signs of the Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Websites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3 Caleb Davis bradham: Pepsi-Cola Inventor North Ca rolina boy In the 1890s, soda fountains in drugstores were all the rage. They were very elegant with pressed tin ceilings, marble counters, and silver spigots. Druggists poured sparkling water into crystal glasses. They mixed in any flavor a customer chose. There were hundreds of flavors, including grape, rose, ginger, peach, and peppermint. Equally popular were colas. One small soda fountain in North Carolina made a big mark on food history. The pharmacist and owner, Caleb Davis Bradham, was popular and outgoing. He had fun mixing soft drinks for his customers. When he created his own cola, local people loved it. They called it “Brad’s Drink.” That was a great name. But Bradham soon chose a new one, and Pepsi-Cola was born. Caleb Davis Bradham was born on May 27, 1867. He grew up in Chinquapin, a tiny farm community in Duplin County, North Carolina. Caleb’s parents, George Washington Bradham and Julia McCann Bradham, were well educated and well off. George worked as a merchant and manufacturer. 4 Caleb’s family was rooted in American history. His great-great-great- grandfather had served in George Washington’s army during the American Revolution. Soon, Caleb would make history, too. Caleb grew up during Reconstruction. This was a time of rebuilding and change in the years after the American Civil War. 5 Caleb Davis bradham: Pepsi-Cola Inventor s tudying medicine Growing up, Caleb was a good student. He attended Clement’s School, Wallace, and Kings Mountain Military Institute in North Carolina. Then, he decided to become a doctor. Caleb attended the University of North Carolina (UNC) in Chapel Hill beginning in 1886. After graduating in 1889, he attended the School of Medicine at the University of Maryland. But when his father’s business failed, Caleb left school. Caleb returned home for a few months to earn a living. There, patients came to him for treatment even though he hadn’t finished medical school. Tiny Chinquapin had no other doctors! Caleb needed a regular income. So, he took a job in New Bern, North Carolina. For two years, he taught penmanship at a private school called Vance Avery Academy. He saved enough money to return to Maryland to complete a degree. Instead of becoming a doctor, he became a pharmacist. Back in New Bern, Caleb bought a corner building, right downtown at the corner of Middle and Pollock Streets. There, he 6 opened a drugstore called Bradham’s Pharmacy in 1892. He found it as fun to mix delicious soft drinks as it was to make medicines. Outgoing, friendly Caleb soon attracted regular customers. His soda fountain grew popular as townspeople gathered to socialize. Caleb is facing to the side in the back row behind the counter at his pharmacy. 7 Caleb Davis bradham: Pepsi-Cola Inventor b rad’s D rink In experimenting with flavors, “Doc” Bradham had a knack for making people happy! Behind the counter, Bradham happily served his customers. The Pepsi logo from 1898 Soon, Bradham concocted a drink all his own. He wanted to create something that tasted good and was also healthy. Some of his competitors used narcotics and other harmful ingredients. Bradham made sure to use only safe ingredients. The original drink did not even contain caffeine. Bradham combined sugar, caramel coloring, rare oils, and extracts of fruit juices. This created a syrup. The syrup would be mixed with carbonated water to make a soft drink. In 1893, the syrup was ready. Bradham promoted the drink as a health tonic. It was meant to relieve indigestion. But his customers drank it simply because it tasted so good! Five years later, people were still ordering “Brad’s Drink.” 8