Tahsin Yomralioglu John McLaughlin Editors Cadastre: Geo-Information Innovations in Land Administration Cadastre: Geo-Information Innovations in Land Administration Tahsin Yomralioglu • John McLaughlin Editors Cadastre: Geo-Information Innovations in Land Administration Editors Tahsin Yomralioglu John McLaughlin Department of Geomatics Engineering Department of Geomatics Istanbul Technical University University of New Brunswick Istanbul, Turkey Fredericton, NB, Canada Co-published by Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, with Capital Publishing Company, New Delhi, India. Sold and distributed in North, Central and South America by Springer, 233 Spring Street, New York 10013, USA. In all other countries, except SAARC countries—Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka—sold and distributed by Springer, Tiergartenstr. 15, 69121 Heidelberg, Germany. In SAARC countries—Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka—printed book sold and distributed by Capital Publishing Company, 7/28, Mahaveer Street, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002, India. ISBN 978-3-319-51215-0 ISBN 978-3-319-51216-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-51216-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016961941 © Capital Publishing Company 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publishers, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. 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Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface Land had represented wealth and power from the first settlement to the end of the1700s. As a result of the increase in the capital after the Industrial Revolution, land became a good that can be traded rather than a source of wealth. After 1945, effective environmental planning need emerged especially in Europe’s urban areas, and land was considered as a scarce source after the population growth as a result of the reconstruction works. In the 1970s, due to the insufficient food production and scarcity in the sources, effective management of rural areas emerged as an increas- ing need. Thus, land was seen as a “socially” scarce source, and the need to manage this source effectively was frequently mentioned in the international community. The relation between land knowledge, policy, administration, management and use has a dynamic structure just as the relation between humanity and land does. Countries should regularly revise their land knowledge administration regimes, land policies, land administration and management systems and land use in order to keep up with this dynamism. Land Administration Systems (LAS) dynamics are as follows: these systems are directly affected by rapid technological developments; they are the main source of land information, including land policymaking, that all public institutions and private sector need; and the government wants to provide more effective service by using these systems. “Cadastre” is one of the main components of LAS. A cadastre is normally a parcel-based and up-to-date land information system containing a record of interests in land (e.g. rights, restrictions and responsibilities). It usually includes a geometric description of land parcels linked to other records describing the nature of the interests, the ownership or control of those interests and often the value of the parcel and its improvements. It may be established for fiscal purposes (e.g. valuation and equitable taxation) and legal purposes (conveyancing), to assist in the management of land and land use (e.g. for planning and other admin- istrative purposes) and enable sustainable development and environmental protec- tion. A well-functioning cadastre guarantees property, reduces land conflict, supports real estate taxation, ensures loan security, protects land sources, monitors environment and ameliorates urban planning and infrastructural development. Today, the most important duty of cadastre is to support sustainable development. v vi Preface “Cadastre” is a universal concept, and it is defined as “the work of officially map- ping and systemically registering the areas, borders and values of all kind of land and property”. Therefore, “cadastre” is an important public inventory documenting the records of ownership, bordering and responsibility regarding the land with “title deed” on parcel and answering the questions of “whose, where and how much”. That is why “cadastre” has an utmost importance for development of countries and the future of the individuals in our globalized world. Today, of course, many articles and scientific works can be found on the cadas- tral works, but to find well-bounded and updated books on cadastre is limited in the international context. Therefore, a need to publish a well-designed book on cadastre is very important. In that case, taking the opportunities of “The World Cadastre Summit” (wcadastre.org) which was held between April 20 and 24, 2015, in Istanbul, some of the selected papers presented by the authorities have been pub- lished as a new book with a professional style. This book observes the range of interdisciplinary topics in a variety of research and application fields from different parts of the world with cases. These cases pro- vide an insight into present-day issues, challenges and opportunities and highlight the key features, principles and new methods that need to be considered in future efforts to make the land a liveable place. It provides a contemporary view of current research and development in cadastre, including surveying, land management, remote sensing and geoinformation sciences. Authors from multiple continents, in association with national and international organizations and societies, bring together the most comprehensive forum for cadastre. This book explains the higher level of significance of cadastre in order to create a better land management system and establish a platform for further debate, discus- sion and research on all land-related matters. It can offer land policy matters in adopting reform agenda for achieving national land use and development goals. The materials included in the book can be imparted in higher study courses of the univer- sities and related training institutions worldwide as it would have enough potentials to enhance and increase a significant level of knowledge and understanding in the scholarly fields of cadastre, land tenure, property registration and management, sur- veying and mapping, land and geoinformation management, land governance, land taxation, public administration, etc. The book contents may influence all land- related academics, researcher, policymakers, business and stakeholders around the world. As editors, we would like to thank all the contributors to this book and take this opportunity to acknowledge all our colleagues for their time-consuming efforts to review the manuscripts of the chapters. Their efforts with high-quality review of the manuscripts contributed significantly to keep the highly scientific contents of the book. The editors also would like to thank collaborators and research scholars for supporting their research activities that helped in bringing out this work produc- tively. Lastly, the editors wish to thank the publishers for bringing out this book successfully. Istanbul, Turkey Tahsin Yomralioglu Fredericton, NB, Canada John McLaughlin Contents Part I Towards Cadastre 1 Towards a Fourth Wave of Property Reform ....................................... 3 John McLaughlin and Robin McLaren 2 From a Traditional to a Comprehensive Cadastre .............................. 13 Jürg Kaufmann 3 Cadastre or Land Administration: A Case Study of Turkey .................................................................................................. 23 Tahsin Yomralioglu and Mehmet Cete 4 A Performance Assessment Model for Cadastral Survey System Evaluation ...................................................................... 33 Haodong Zhang and Conrad Tang 5 Management of Natural Risks and Disasters in a River Basin Within the New Cadastre Concept ............................ 47 Rodolfo Salazar, David Miranda, and Urbano Fra 6 Updating and Maintaining Land Parcel Types Through Crowd-Sourced Land Use/Cover Classification ................................... 55 Halil Ibrahim Inan, Abdurrahman Geymen, and Omer Faruk Inan 7 Investigation of Availability of Remote Sensed Data in Cadastral Works ........................................................................ 63 Selçuk Reis, A.T. Torun, and B.B. Bilgilioğlu 8 Usability of GNSS Technique for Cadastral Surveying ....................... 77 Reha Metin Alkan, I. Murat Ozulu, Veli İlçi, F. Engin Tombuş, and Murat Şahin vii viii Contents Part II 3D Cadastre with Geo-Technology 9 Conceptual Modelling of 3D Cadastre and LADM ............................. 95 Nur Amalina Zulkifli, Alias Abdul Rahman, Muhammad Imzan Hassan, and Tan Liat Choon 10 The LADM Based on INTERLIS .......................................................... 113 Michael Germann, Jürg Kaufmann, Daniel Steudler, Christiaan Lemmen, Peter Van Oosterom, and Kees De Zeeuw 11 The Underground Space Use Right Registration with the Approach of 3 Dimensional Cadastre Concept ..................... 121 Bambang Edhi Leksono, Andi Ristiawan, Hendriatiningsih Sadikin, and Lucy Meyke 12 Towards 3D Land Registry in Hungary ................................................ 137 Gyula Iván and András Osskó 13 Germany on the Way to 4D-Cadastre ................................................... 147 Markus Seifert, Ulrich Gruber, and Jens Riecken 14 Automated Extraction of Buildings from Aerial Lidar Point Cloud and Digital Imaging Datasets for 3D Cadastre – Preliminary Results ............................................................. 159 Pankaj Kumar, Alias Abdul Rahman, and Gurcan Buyuksalih Part III Cadastral Cases 15 Modelling PGIS for Multipurpose Cadastre in Ghana ....................... 169 E.A. Gyamera, E.E. Duncan, and J.S.Y. Kuma 16 Aims and Actual Outcomes of Tuscany Castore Project: A Final Balance ....................................................................................... 181 Massimiliano Grava, Maurizio Trevisani, Umberto Sassoli, Andrea Peri, and Fabio Lucchesi 17 Cadastral Renewal and Automation Project in Cyprus ...................... 191 Nihat Şahin, Baransel İzmirli, Sinan Çolakoğlu, and Rabia Bovkır 18 A Transparent Cadastral System: Fit for Sustainable Development and Legal Security – The Danish Public-Private Cooperation Model ................................... 209 Henning Elmstrøm and Torben Juulsager 19 Procedure of Real Estate Acquisition by Foreigners in Turkey .......... 231 Bayram Uzun, Nida Celik Simsek, and Volkan Yildirim 20 Location Profiling in Cadastre for Property Value Intelligence ......... 243 Mohammed Abdur Razzak Contents ix Part IV Marine Cadastre 21 Marine Cadastre Legal Framework for Malaysia ............................... 261 Ashraf Abdullah, Zakaria Mat Arof, Abdullah Hisam Omar, Nazirah Mohamad Abdullah, Chee Hua Teng, Keat Lim Chan, and Hassan Jamil 22 The Evaluation of Marine Cadastre Definitions Among Australia, Canada and United States of America Based on Indonesia’s Perspective as an Archipelagic State ........................... 275 Yackob Astor, Widyo Nugroho Sulasdi, S. Hendriatiningsih, and Dwi Wisayantono 23 Sustainable Marine Space Managements: Malaysian Perspective ............................................................................ 309 Abdullah Hisham Omar, Nazirah Mohamad Abdullah, Shuib Rambat, Noor Anim Zanariah Yahaya, Rasheila Rahibulsadri, Asraf Abdullah, Rahim Yahya, Hasan Jamil, Teng Chee Hua, and Chan Keat Lim Index ................................................................................................................. 333 About the Editors Prof. Tahsin Yomralioglu graduated from the Department of Surveying Engineering of Karadeniz Technical University (KTU), Trabzon, Turkey, in 1985. He worked on Land Information Systems at the University of New Brunswick (UNB) in Fredericton, Canada. In 1993, he obtained his PhD from the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. First, he was appointed as a full-time professor at KTU in 2001 and then at Istanbul Technical University (ITU) in 2009. He has been the deputy chairman of the Department and the head of both Land Management and Cartography Divisions at KTU. He was also appointed as the general secretary of KTU and an adviser to the rector of KTU and the rector of ITU. He has served as a member on various commissions and also worked as a project manager and consultant in sev- eral public and private institutions. As a supervisor, he guided over 30 MSc and PhD theses. He established the ITU-GeoIT graduate programme and the first national GIS R&D innovation centre of Turkey. He has published many scientific research publications in the field of GIS, SDI, cadastre, land management, etc. Prof. John McLaughlin is president emeritus at the University of New Brunswick (UNB), Canada. He served as chair of the Department of Surveying Engineering, vice president and 17th president of the University and vice-chancellor at UNB. He introduced and developed the first land administration programme at UNB and the first programme in land information management to be taught anywhere in the world. He has been a leader in building the North American geomatics industry and has worked extensively overseas, in more than 40 countries, on the development of property systems with the World Bank, UNDP and other international agencies. He has authored or co-authored more than 200 publications, including three books and a series of monographs published by the US National Academy of Sciences. McLaughlin has supervised or co-supervised more than a hundred graduate students and has had academic appointments at a dozen universities worldwide. xi