C++ Cookbook Table of Contents Copyright Preface About the Examples Conventions Used in This Book Using Code Examples Comments and Questions Safari Enabled Acknowledgments Chapter 1. Building C++ Applications Introduction to Building Recipe 1.1. Obtaining and Installing GCC Recipe 1.2. Building a Simple Recipe 1.3. Building a Static Library from the Command Line Recipe 1.4. Building a Dynamic Library from the Command Line Recipe 1.5. Building a Complex Application from the Command Line Recipe 1.6. Installing Boost.Build Recipe 1.7. Building a Simple Recipe 1.8. Building a Static Library Using Boost.Build Recipe 1.9. Building a Dynamic Library Using Boost.Build Recipe 1.10. Building a Complex application Using Boost.Build Recipe 1.11. Building a Static Library with an IDE Recipe 1.12. Building a Dynamic Library with an IDE Recipe 1.13. Building a Complex Application with an IDE Recipe 1.14. Obtaining GNU make Recipe 1.15. Building A Simple Recipe 1.16. Building a Static Library with GNU Make Recipe 1.17. Building a Dynamic Library with GNU Make Recipe 1.18. Building a Complex Application with GNU make Recipe 1.19. Defining a Macro Recipe 1.20. Specifying a Command-Line Option from Your IDE Recipe 1.21. Producing a Debug Build Recipe 1.22. Producing a Release Build Recipe 1.23. Specifying a Runtime Library Variant Recipe 1.24. Enforcing Strict Conformance to the C++ Standard Recipe 1.25. Causing a Source File to Be Linked Automatically Against a Specified Library Recipe 1.26. Using Exported Templates Chapter 2. Code Organization Introduction Recipe 2.1. Making Sure a Header File Gets Included Only Once Recipe 2.2. Ensuring You Have Only One Instance of a Variable Across Multiple Source Files Recipe 2.3. Reducing #includes with Forward Class Declarations Recipe 2.4. Preventing Name Collisions with Namespaces Recipe 2.5. Including an Inline File Chapter 3. Numbers Introduction Recipe 3.1. Converting a String to a Numeric Type Recipe 3.2. Converting Numbers to Strings Recipe 3.3. Testing Whether a String Contains a Valid Number Recipe 3.4. Comparing Floating-Point Numbers with Bounded Accuracy Recipe 3.5. Parsing a String Containing a Number in Scientific Notation Recipe 3.6. Converting Between Numeric Types Recipe 3.7. Getting the Minimum and Maximum Values for a Numeric Type Chapter 4. Strings and Text Introduction Recipe 4.1. Padding a String Recipe 4.2. Trimming a String Recipe 4.3. Storing Strings in a Sequence Recipe 4.4. Getting the Length of a String Recipe 4.5. Reversing a String Recipe 4.6. Splitting a String Recipe 4.7. Tokenizing a String Recipe 4.8. Joining a Sequence of Strings Recipe 4.9. Finding Things in Strings Recipe 4.10. Finding the nth Instance of a Substring Recipe 4.11. Removing a Substring from a String Recipe 4.12. Converting a String to Lower-or Uppercase Recipe 4.13. Doing a Case-Insensitive String Comparison Recipe 4.14. Doing a Case-Insensitive String Search Recipe 4.15. Converting Between Tabs and Spaces in a Text File Recipe 4.16. Wrapping Lines in a Text File Recipe 4.17. Counting the Number of Characters, Words, and Lines in a Text File Recipe 4.18. Counting Instances of Each Word in a Text File Recipe 4.19. Add Margins to a Text File Recipe 4.20. Justify a Text File Recipe 4.21. Squeeze Whitespace to Single Spaces in a Text File Recipe 4.22. Autocorrect Text as a Buffer Changes Recipe 4.23. Reading a Comma-Separated Text File Recipe 4.24. Using Regular Expressions to Split a String Chapter 5. Dates and Times Introduction Recipe 5.1. Obtaining the Current Date and Time Recipe 5.2. Formatting a Date/Time as a String Recipe 5.3. Performing Date and Time Arithmetic Recipe 5.4. Converting Between Time Zones Recipe 5.5. Determining a Day's Number Within a Given Year Recipe 5.6. Defining Constrained Value Types Chapter 6. Managing Data with Containers Introduction Recipe 6.1. Using vectors Instead of Arrays Recipe 6.2. Using vectors Efficiently Recipe 6.3. Copying a vector Recipe 6.4. Storing Pointers in a vector Recipe 6.5. Storing Objects in a list Recipe 6.6. Mapping strings to Other Things Recipe 6.7. Using Hashed Containers Recipe 6.8. Storing Objects in Sorted Order Recipe 6.9. Storing Containers in Containers Chapter 7. Algorithms Introduction Recipe 7.1. Iterating Through a Container Recipe 7.2. Removing Objects from a Container Recipe 7.3. Randomly Shuffling Data Recipe 7.4. Comparing Ranges Recipe 7.5. Merging Data Recipe 7.6. Sorting a Range Recipe 7.7. Partitioning a Range Recipe 7.8. Performing Set Operations on Sequences Recipe 7.9. Transforming Elements in a Sequence Recipe 7.10. Writing Your Own Algorithm Recipe 7.11. Printing a Range to a Stream Chapter 8. Classes Introduction Recipe 8.1. Initializing Class Member Variables Recipe 8.2. Using a Function to Create Objects (a.k.a. Factory Pattern) Recipe 8.3. Using Constructors and Destructors to Manage Resources (or RAII) Recipe 8.4. Automatically Adding New Class Instances to a Container Recipe 8.5. Ensuring a Single Copy of a Member Variable Recipe 8.6. Determining an Object's Type at Runtime Recipe 8.7. Determining if One Object's Class Is a Subclass of Another Recipe 8.8. Giving Each Instance of a Class a Unique Identifier Recipe 8.9. Creating a Singleton Class Recipe 8.10. Creating an Interface with an Abstract Base Class Recipe 8.11. Writing a Class Template Recipe 8.12. Writing a Member Function Template Recipe 8.13. Overloading the Increment and Decrement Operators Recipe 8.14. Overloading Arithmetic and Assignment Operators for Intuitive Class Behavior Recipe 8.15. Calling a Superclass Virtual Function Chapter 9. Exceptions and Safety Introduction Recipe 9.1. Creating an Exception Class Recipe 9.2. Making a Constructor Exception-Safe Recipe 9.3. Making an Initializer List Exception-Safe Recipe 9.4. Making Member Functions Exception-Safe Recipe 9.5. Safely Copying an Object Chapter 10. Streams and Files Introduction Recipe 10.1. Lining Up Text Output Recipe 10.2. Formatting Floating-Point Output Recipe 10.3. Writing Your Own Stream Manipulators Recipe 10.4. Making a Class Writable to a Stream Recipe 10.5. Making a Class Readable from a Stream Recipe 10.6. Getting Information About a File Recipe 10.7. Copying a File Recipe 10.8. Deleting or Renaming a File Recipe 10.9. Creating a Temporary Filename and File Recipe 10.10. Creating a Directory Recipe 10.11. Removing a Directory Recipe 10.12. Reading the Contents of a Directory Recipe 10.13. Extracting a File Extension from a String Recipe 10.14. Extracting a Filename from a Full Path Recipe 10.15. Extracting a Path from a Full Path and Filename Recipe 10.16. Replacing a File Extension Recipe 10.17. Combining Two Paths into a Single Path Chapter 11. Science and Mathematics Introduction Recipe 11.1. Computing the Number of Elements in a Container Recipe 11.2. Finding the Greatest or Least Value in a Container Recipe 11.3. Computing the Sum and Mean of Elements in a Container Recipe 11.4. Filtering Values Outside a Given Range Recipe 11.5. Computing Variance, Standard Deviation, and Other Statistical Functions Recipe 11.6. Generating Random Numbers Recipe 11.7. Initializing a Container with Random Numbers Recipe 11.8. Representing a Dynamically Sized Numerical Vector Recipe 11.9. Representing a Fixed-Size Numerical Vector Recipe 11.10. Computing a Dot Product Recipe 11.11. Computing the Norm of a Vector Recipe 11.12. Computing the Distance Between Two Vectors Recipe 11.13. Implementing a Stride Iterator Recipe 11.14. Implementing a Dynamically Sized Matrix Recipe 11.15. Implementing a Constant-Sized Matrix Recipe 11.16. Multiplying Matricies Recipe 11.17. Computing the Fast Fourier Transform Recipe 11.18. Working with Polar Coordinates Recipe 11.19. Performing Arithmetic on Bitsets Recipe 11.20. Representing Large Fixed-Width Integers Recipe 11.21. Implementing Fixed-Point Numbers Chapter 12. Multithreading Introduction Recipe 12.1. Creating a Thread Recipe 12.2. Making a Resource Thread-Safe Recipe 12.3. Notifying One Thread from Another Recipe 12.4. Initializing Shared Resources Once Recipe 12.5. Passing an Argument to a Thread Function Chapter 13. Internationalization Introduction Recipe 13.1. Hardcoding a Unicode String Recipe 13.2. Writing and Reading Numbers Recipe 13.3. Writing and Reading Dates and Times Recipe 13.4. Writing and Reading Currency Recipe 13.5. Sorting Localized Strings Chapter 14. XML Introduction Recipe 14.1. Parsing a Simple XML Document Recipe 14.2. Working with Xerces Strings Recipe 14.3. Parsing a Complex XML Document Recipe 14.4. Manipulating an XML Document Recipe 14.5. Validating an XML Document with a DTD Recipe 14.6. Validating an XML Document with a Schema