BY ORDER OF THE AIR FORCE MANUAL 36-2203 SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE 20 NOVEMBER 2013 Incorporating Change 1, 29 FEBRUARY 2016 Personnel DRILL AND CEREMONIES COMPLIANCE WITH THIS PUBLICATION IS MANDATORY ACCESSIBILITY: Publications and forms are available for downloading or ordering on the e- Publishing website at www.e-Publishing.af.mil. RELEASABILITY: There are no releasability restrictions on this publication. OPR: AF/A1SAZ Certified by: AF/A1S (Col Patrick J. Doherty) Supersedes: AFMAN36-2203, 3 June Pages: 117 1996 This manual implements Air Force Policy Directive (AFPD) 36-26, Total Force Development. It describes the movements and procedures for saluting, drill, ceremonies, reviews, and parades. This manual is for general use throughout the US Air Force and is a guide for persons teaching, learning, or participating in drill and ceremonies (see Air Force Instruction (AFI) 34-1201, Protocol). It applies to all Air Force units and members, to include the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve units and members. In collaboration with the Chief of Air Force Reserve (HQ USAF/RE) and the Director of the Air National Guard (NGB/CF), the Deputy Chief of Staff for Manpower, Personnel and Services (HQ USAF/A1) develops personnel policy for drill and ceremonies. This publication may not be supplementedDirect questions concerning this manual should be sent to the Basic Military Training Standardization and Evaluations Flight (737 TRG/CCV), Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland AFB TX. Refer recommended changes and questions about this publication to the Office of Primary Responsibility (OPR), using AF Form 847, Recommendation for Change of Publication; route AF Forms 847 from the field through the appropriate functional’s chain of command. This publication may be supplemented at any level, but all direct supplements must be routed to the OPR of this publication for coordination prior to the certification and approval. The authorities to waive wing/unit level requirements in this publication are identified with a Tier (“T-0, T-1, T-2, T-3”) number following the compliance statement. See AFI 33-360, Publications and Forms Management, for a description of the authorities associated with the Tier numbers. Submit requests for waivers through the chain of command to the appropriate Tier waiver approval authority, or alternately, to the publication OPR for non-tiered compliance items. Requests for waivers must be submitted through chain of command to the OPR listed above for consideration and approval. Ensure that all records created as a result of processes prescribed in this publication are maintained IAW Air Force 2 AFMAN36-2203 20 NOVEMBER 2013 Manual (AFMAN) 33-363, Management of Records, and disposed of IAW the Air Force Records Disposition Schedule (RDS) in the Air Force Records Information Management System (AFRIMS). SUMMARY OF CHANGES This interim change revises AFMAN 36-2203 by correcting the verbiage in paragraphs 4.16.2. and 7.38., and clarifying verbiage in various paragraphs to add clarity as appropriate. A margin bar (|) indicates newly revised material. Chapter 1—INTRODUCTION TO DRILL AND CEREMONIES 9 1.1. Scope. ..................................................................................................................... 9 1.2. Introduction to Drill. .............................................................................................. 9 1.3. Introduction to Ceremonies. ................................................................................... 9 1.4. Key to Symbols. ..................................................................................................... 9 Figure 1.1. Symbols. ................................................................................................................ 10 1.5. Drill Instruction. ..................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 2—COMMANDS AND THE COMMAND VOICE 11 Section 2A—Commands 11 2.1. Types of Commands. ............................................................................................. 11 2.2. General Rules for Commands. ............................................................................... 11 Section 2B—The Command Voice 12 2.3. Voice Characteristics. ............................................................................................ 12 Figure 2.1. Diaphragm Exercise. .............................................................................................. 14 2.4. Cadence. ................................................................................................................. 15 2.5. Counting Cadence. ................................................................................................. 15 Figure 2.2. Commands Portrayed Graphically. ........................................................................ 16 2.6. Mass Commands. ................................................................................................... 17 Chapter 3—INDIVIDUAL INSTRUCTION 18 3.1. Positions and Movements. ..................................................................................... 18 3.2. Position of Attention. ............................................................................................. 18 Figure 3.1. Position of Attention. ............................................................................................. 18 3.3. Rest Positions. ........................................................................................................ 18 Figure 3.2. Parade Rest. ........................................................................................................... 19 3.4. Facings Movements. .............................................................................................. 20 AFMAN36-2203 20 NOVEMBER 2013 3 Figure 3.3. Right Face. ............................................................................................................. 20 Figure 3.4. About Face. ............................................................................................................ 21 3.5. Hand Salute. ........................................................................................................... 21 Figure 3.5. Hand Salute. ........................................................................................................... 22 3.6. Exchange of Salutes. .............................................................................................. 22 3.7. Present Arms and Order Arms. .............................................................................. 23 3.8. Eyes Right (Left) and Ready Front. ....................................................................... 23 Figure 3.6. Eyes Right. ............................................................................................................. 24 3.9. Steps and Marching: .............................................................................................. 24 3.10. Forward March and Halt. ....................................................................................... 24 Figure 3.7. Ready Front. ........................................................................................................... 25 3.11. Double Time. ......................................................................................................... 25 Figure 3.8. Command for Column Left and Column Right Movements. ................................ 26 3.12. Mark Time. ............................................................................................................ 26 Figure 3.9. Quick Time. ........................................................................................................... 27 3.13. Half Step. ............................................................................................................... 27 Figure 3.10. Double Time. ......................................................................................................... 28 3.14. Right (Left) Step. ................................................................................................... 28 3.15. Change Step. .......................................................................................................... 29 3.16. To the Rear March. ................................................................................................ 29 3.17. Flanking Movement. .............................................................................................. 29 3.18. Face in Marching. .................................................................................................. 29 3.19. Marching Other Than at Attention. ........................................................................ 29 Chapter 4—DRILL OF THE FLIGHT 31 Section 4A—Formations 31 4.1. The Flight as the Basic Drill Unit. ......................................................................... 31 4.2. Rules for the Guide. ............................................................................................... 31 4.3. Formation of the Flight. ......................................................................................... 32 Figure 4.1. Flight in Line Formation. ....................................................................................... 32 Figure 4.2. Normal Interval. ..................................................................................................... 33 Figure 4.3. Flight in Column Formation. ................................................................................. 34 Figure 4.4. Close Interval. ........................................................................................................ 34 4.4. Aligning the Flight. ................................................................................................ 35 4 AFMAN36-2203 20 NOVEMBER 2013 4.5. Open Ranks. ........................................................................................................... 36 4.6. Close Ranks. .......................................................................................................... 38 4.7. Individuals to Leave Ranks. ................................................................................... 38 4.8. Count Off. .............................................................................................................. 38 Section 4B—Marching 38 4.9. Flight Formation While Marching. ........................................................................ 38 4.10. Close or Extend March. ......................................................................................... 39 Figure 4.5. Count Off in Column. ............................................................................................ 40 4.11. Column Movements. .............................................................................................. 40 Figure 4.6. Column Right March at Normal Interval. .............................................................. 42 Figure 4.7. Column Right March at Close Interval. ................................................................. 42 4.12. Column Half Right (Left). ..................................................................................... 43 4.13. Forming a Single File or Multiple Files. ................................................................ 43 Figure 4.8. Forming a File From a Column of Twos. .............................................................. 44 Figure 4.9. Forming a Column of Twos From a File. .............................................................. 45 4.14. Forming a Column of Twos From a Single File. ................................................... 45 4.15. Forming a Column of Twos From a Column of Fours and Reforming. ................ 45 Figure 4.10. Column of Twos From a Column of Fours. ........................................................... 46 Figure 4.11. Column of Fours From a Column of Twos. ........................................................... 46 4.16. Counter March. ...................................................................................................... 46 Chapter 5—DRILL OF THE SQUADRON 48 Section 5A—Rules for Squadron Drill 48 5.1. The Squadron as a Drill Unit. ................................................................................ 48 5.2. Commands. ............................................................................................................ 48 Section 5B—Formations 49 5.3. Forming the Squadron in Line. .............................................................................. 49 Figure 5.1. Forming the Squadron in Line. .............................................................................. 49 Figure 5.2. Squadron in Line. ................................................................................................... 50 5.4. Aligning the Squadron. .......................................................................................... 50 5.5. Inspecting the Squadron. ........................................................................................ 51 Figure 5.3. Inspection of the Squadron. ................................................................................... 52 5.6. The Squadron in Column. ...................................................................................... 52 AFMAN36-2203 20 NOVEMBER 2013 5 5.7. Massing the Squadron When in Column at Close Interval. ................................... 53 5.8. Changing Direction When in Mass Formation. ..................................................... 53 Figure 5.4. Squadron in Column. ............................................................................................. 54 Figure 5.5. Squadron in Mass Formation. ................................................................................ 55 Figure 5.6. Right Turn in Mass Formation. .............................................................................. 56 5.9. Column of Flights From Squadron Mass Formation. ............................................ 56 5.10. Extended Mass Formation With Flights in Column. ............................................. 56 Figure 5.7. Squadron in Extended Mass Formation. ................................................................ 57 5.11. Dismissing the Squadron. ...................................................................................... 58 Section 5C—Manual of the Guidon 58 5.12. The Guidon. ........................................................................................................... 58 5.13. Order Guidon. ........................................................................................................ 58 5.14. Carry Guidon. ........................................................................................................ 58 Figure 5.8. Order Guidon. ........................................................................................................ 59 Figure 5.9. Carry Guidon. ........................................................................................................ 60 Figure 5.10. Parade Rest. ........................................................................................................... 61 Figure 5.11. Double Time. ......................................................................................................... 62 5.15. Executing Order Guidon While at Carry Guidon. ................................................. 62 5.16. Executing Carry Guidon While at Order Guidon. ................................................. 62 5.17. Executing Present Guidon When at Carry or Order Guidon. ................................. 62 5.18. Executing Carry Guidon When at Present Guidon. ............................................... 63 5.19. Executing Order Guidon When at Present Guidon. ............................................... 63 5.20. Individual Salute by Guidon Bearer When not in Formation. ............................... 63 Figure 5.12. Present Guidon. ...................................................................................................... 64 Figure 5.13. Salute at the Order. ................................................................................................ 65 Figure 5.14. Salute at Carry. ...................................................................................................... 66 Chapter 6—GROUP AND WING FORMATIONS 67 Section 6A—Function of the Group and Wing 67 6.1. Composition of the Group and Wing. .................................................................... 67 6.2. Composition of the Staff. ....................................................................................... 67 Figure 6.1. Arrangement of Reviewing Officers Staff (General Officer). ............................... 68 Section 6B—Group Formations 68 6 AFMAN36-2203 20 NOVEMBER 2013 6.3. Formation of the Group. ........................................................................................ 68 Figure 6.2. Group in Column With Squadrons in Column and Flights in Column. ................. 69 6.4. Forming the Group in Column. .............................................................................. 70 6.5. Forming the Group in Line With Squadrons in Line. ............................................ 70 Figure 6.3. Group in Line With Squadrons in Line. ................................................................. 71 6.6. Forming the Group in Line With Squadrons in Mass Formation. ......................... 71 6.7. Dismissing the Group. ........................................................................................... 71 Section 6C—Wing Formation and Review 72 6.8. Formations. ............................................................................................................ 72 6.9. Review. .................................................................................................................. 72 6.10. Sequence of Review Commands. .......................................................................... 72 6.11. Sequence of Review and Inspection Commands. .................................................. 72 Figure 6.4. Wing in Line With Squadrons in Mass Formation. ............................................... 73 Figure 6.5. Sequence of Review Commands. .......................................................................... 74 Figure 6.6. Sequence of Review and Inspection Commands. .................................................. 77 Chapter 7—CEREMONIES 79 Section 7A—Purpose and Precedence 79 7.1. Purpose and Definition of Ceremonies. ................................................................. 79 7.2. Order of Precedence. .............................................................................................. 79 Section 7B—Parade Ceremony 80 7.3. Definition of a Parade. ........................................................................................... 80 7.4. Suggested Checklist for Commander of Troops. ................................................... 80 7.5. Formations: ............................................................................................................ 80 Figure 7.1. Preparation for Parade. .......................................................................................... 81 Figure 7.2. Formation of Troops for Parade. ............................................................................ 82 7.6. Adjutant’s Call. ...................................................................................................... 82 7.7. March On. .............................................................................................................. 83 7.8. Guidon Bearer. ....................................................................................................... 83 7.9. Guides Post. ........................................................................................................... 83 7.10. Sound Off or Trooping the Line. ........................................................................... 83 7.11. Officers Center. ...................................................................................................... 84 Figure 7.3. Officers Center. ...................................................................................................... 85 AFMAN36-2203 20 NOVEMBER 2013 7 7.12. Officers Post. ......................................................................................................... 85 7.13. Presentation of Troops. .......................................................................................... 86 7.14. Honors. ................................................................................................................... 86 7.15. Inspection by a Reviewing Officer. ....................................................................... 86 7.16. Presentation of Decorations. .................................................................................. 87 7.17. March in Review. ................................................................................................... 89 Figure 7.4. March in Review. ................................................................................................... 90 7.18. Commander of Troops and Staff. ........................................................................... 91 7.19. Reviewing Party. .................................................................................................... 92 7.20. Sequence of Parade Commands. ............................................................................ 92 Figure 7.5. Reviewing Party. .................................................................................................... 92 Figure 7.6. Sequence of Parade Commands. ............................................................................ 93 7.21. General’s Flagbearer. ............................................................................................. 96 Figure 7.7. Generals Flag at Order. .......................................................................................... 97 Figure 7.8. Generals Flag at Present. ........................................................................................ 98 7.22. Relay of Commands to Troops. ............................................................................. 98 Section 7C—Raising and Lowering the Flag 99 7.23. Reveille. ................................................................................................................. 99 7.24. Events Accompanying Flag Raising at the Reveille Ceremony. ........................... 99 7.25. Raising the Flag. .................................................................................................... 99 7.26. Retreat Ceremony. ................................................................................................. 100 7.27. Events Accompanying Retreat Ceremony at the Flagstaff. ................................... 100 7.28. Lowering the Flag. ................................................................................................. 101 Section 7D—Change of Command 101 7.29. Sequence of Events. ............................................................................................... 101 7.30. Flag Procedures for General Officers. ................................................................... 102 7.31. Formal Change of Command. ................................................................................ 102 Section 7E—Colors 103 7.32. Color Guard. .......................................................................................................... 103 7.33. Manual of the Colors. ............................................................................................ 105 Figure 7.9. Position of Flags at the Order. ............................................................................... 105 7.34. Escort of the US Flag. ............................................................................................ 105 8 AFMAN36-2203 20 NOVEMBER 2013 Figure 7.10. Position of Flags at the Carry. ................................................................................ 106 Figure 7.11. Position of Flags at Parade Rest. ............................................................................ 106 7.35. Salutes by Flags. .................................................................................................... 108 7.36. Courtesies to the US Flag. ..................................................................................... 108 7.37. Saluting When the National Anthem or To The Color is Played. .......................... 108 Figure 7.12. Position of Flags at the Salute. ............................................................................... 109 Figure 7.13. Position of Flags and Color Guard at Eyes Right. ................................................. 110 7.38. Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag. ........................................................................... 111 7.39. Army, Navy, and Air Force Gun Salutes. .............................................................. 111 7.40. Prevention of Fainting by Persons Participating in Ceremonies. ........................... 111 Attachment 1—GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION 113 Attachment 2—TERMS EXPLAINED 116 AFMAN36-2203 20 NOVEMBER 2013 9 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO DRILL AND CEREMONIES 1.1. Scope. 1.1.1. This manual includes most Air Force needs in drill and ceremonies, but it does not cover every situation that may arise. For unusual situations, using good judgment and taking into account the purpose of the movement or procedure can often provide the solution. 1.1.2. Units or organizations required to drill under arms will use the procedures in US Army Field Manual 22-5, Drill and Ceremonies, SECNAV 5060.22, Marine Corps Drill and Ceremonies Manual, or Air Force Academy Cadet Wing Manual 50-5. The types of weapon used will determine the appropriate manual. (T-2). 1.2. Introduction to Drill. 1.2.1. For the purpose of drill, Air Force organizations are divided into elements, flights, squadrons, groups, and wings (The wing does not drill by direct command). 1.2.2. Drill consists of certain movements by which the flight or squadron is moved in an orderly manner from one formation to another or from one place to another. Standards such as the 24-inch step, cadence of 100 to 120 steps per minute, distance, and interval have been established to ensure movements are executed with order and precision. The task of each person is to learn these movements and execute each part exactly as described. Individuals also must learn to adapt their own movements to those of the group. Everyone in the formation must move together on command. 1.3. Introduction to Ceremonies. 1.3.1. Ceremonies are special, formal, group activities conducted by the Armed Forces to honor distinguished persons or recognize special events. Ceremonies also demonstrate the proficiency and training state of the troops. 1.3.2. Ceremonies are an extension of drill activities. The precision marching, promptness in responding to commands, and teamwork developed on the drill field determine the appearance and performance of the group in ceremonies. 1.4. Key to Symbols. Symbols used in this manual are defined and shown in Figure 1.1 10 AFMAN36-2203 20 NOVEMBER 2013 Figure 1.1. Symbols. 1.5. Drill Instruction. 1.5.1. For drill instruction, movement of troops, and other formations, the senior member present will assume the leadership position. When possible, do not place persons of higher grade in positions subordinate to the instructor or person in charge of the drill or formation. 1.5.2. Use the following step-by-step procedures to teach drill movements: 1.5.2.1. State the name of the movement to be executed, and point out its purpose. 1.5.2.2. Demonstrate the movement to the formation, using the proper cadence and commands. 1.5.2.3. Explain and demonstrate the movement in detail. 1.5.2.4. Ask questions on the movement, then demonstrate the movement again as in paragraph 1.5.2.2 when further clarification is needed. 1.5.2.5. Have the formation perform the movement and make on-the-spot corrections. 1.5.2.6. Critique the performance of the movement and review important areas before moving on to the next exercise. 1.5.3. BY THE NUMBERS is the method in which precision movements of two or more counts are demonstrated, practiced, and learned--one count at a time. 1.5.3.1. This method enables the student to learn a movement step by step and permits the instructor to make detailed corrections. The instructor commands BY THE NUMBERS before giving commands for the movement; for example, BY THE NUMBERS, About, FACE. The first count of the movement is executed on the command FACE. The second count is executed on the command Ready, TWO (the pivot is the second count). 1.5.3.2. All subsequent movements are executed by the numbers until the command WITHOUT THE NUMBERS is given. For example, in teaching right and left face, the command BY THE NUMBERS is given at the beginning of the practice exercise. Each facing is repeated by the numbers until the instructor gives WITHOUT THE NUMBERS. Subsequent movements are executed in the cadence of quick time.