‘This is an important, topical and practical book that covers the profound consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic in the workplace. The authors, with their different expertise and backgrounds, offer a thoughtful and well-researched understanding of how the world has changed for people at work. It is comprehensive and critical, well-edited and thorough. I will, I believe, turn out to be a classic that analyses the new world order.’ — Adrian Furnham, Professor at the Norwegian Business School, Norway ‘A winner for a no-win environment. Two academic stars organize diverse yet complementary chapters into a focused book, coming at an ideal time. Risks factors escalated during COVID while sources of renewal to mitigate burnout were stymied or compromised. Great burnout lessons from the pandemic!’ — James Campbell Quick, FSAScot, FAPA, Distinguished University Professor & Professor Emeritus, The University of Texas at Arlington, USA Burnout While Working This book offers an extensive look into the ways living through the COVID-19 pandemic has deepened our understanding of the crises people experience in their relationships with work. Leading experts explore burnout as an occupational phenomenon that arises through mismatches between workplace and individuals on the day-to-day patterns in work life. By disrupting where, when, and how people worked, pandemic measures upset the delicate balances in place regarding core areas of work life. Chapters examine the profound implications of social distancing on the quality and frequency of social encounters among colleagues, with management, and with clientele. The book covers a variety of occupational groups such as those in the healthcare and education sectors, and demonstrates the advantages and strains that come with working from home. The authors also consider the broader social context of working through the pandemic regarding risks and rewards for essential workers. By focusing on changes in organisational structures, policies, and practices, this book looks at effective ways forward in both recovering from this pandemic and preparing for further workplace disruptions. A wide audience of students and researchers in psychology, management, business, healthcare, and social sciences, as well as policy makers in government and professional organisations, will benefit from this detailed insight into the ways COVID-19 has affected contemporary work attitudes and practices. Michael P. Leiter, PhD has researched burnout extensively as a Professor and Canada Research Chair at Acadia University in Canada and as Professor of Organisational Psychology at Deakin University in Australia. He currently provides research and consulting services on burnout and workplace civility to organisations around the world. Cary L. Cooper, CBE is the 50th Anniversary Professor of Organisational Psychology & Health at the ALLIANCE Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, UK, and Chair of the National Forum for Health & Wellbeing at Work (comprised of 45 global employers). He was knighted by the Queen for services to the social sciences in 2014, and was made an Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and the British Psychological Society. Current Issues in Work and Organizational Psychology Series Editor: Cary L. Cooper Current Issues in Work and Organizational Psychology is a series of edited books that reflect the state-of-the-art areas of current and emerging interest in the psychological study of employees, workplaces, and organisations. Each volume is tightly focused on a particular topic and consists of seven to ten chapters contributed by international experts. The editors of individual volumes are leading figures in their areas and provide an introductory overview. Example topics include: digital media at work, work and the family, workaholism, modern job design, positive occupational health, and individualised deals. Employee Recruitment, Selection, and Assessment: Contemporary Issues for Theory and Practice Edited by Ioannis Nikolaou and Janneke K. Oostrom Well-being and Performance at Work: The role of context Edited by Marc van Veldhoven and Riccardo Peccei Towards Inclusive Organizations: Determinants of successful diversity management at work Edited by Sabine Otten, Karen Van Der Zee, and Marilynn Brewer Burnout at Work: A Psychological Perspective Edited by Michael P. Leiter, Arnold B. Bakker, and Christina Maslach New Frontiers in Work and Family Research Edited by Joseph G. Grzywacz and Evangelia Demerouti The Psychology of Digital Media at Work Edited by Daantje Derks and Arnold B. Bakker A Day in the Life of a Happy Worker Edited by Arnold B. Bakker and Kevin Daniels For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.routledge.com/Current- Issues-in-Work-and-Organizational-Psychology/book-series/CURRENTISSUES Burnout While Working Lessons from Pandemic and Beyond Edited by Michael P. Leiter and Cary L. Cooper Cover image: © Getty Images First published 2023 by Routledge 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Michael P. Leiter and Cary L. Cooper; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Michael P. Leiter and Cary L. Cooper to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Names: Leiter, Michael P., editor. | Cooper, Cary L., editor. Title: Burnout while working: lessons from pandemic and beyond / edited by Michael P. Leiter and Cary L. Cooper. Description: First Edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2023. | Series: Current issues in work and organizational psychology | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “This book offers an extensive look into the ways living through the COVID-19 pandemic has deepened our understanding of the crises people experience in their relationships with work. Leading experts explore burnout as an occupational phenomenon that arises through mismatches between workplace and individuals on the day-to-day patterns in work life. A wide audience of students and researchers in psychology, management, business, healthcare, and social sciences, as well as policy makers in government and professional organizations, will benefit from this detailed insight into the ways COVID-19 has affected contemporary work attitudes and practices”-- Provided by publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2022035316 (print) | LCCN 2022035317 (ebook) | ISBN 9781032168418 (hardback) | ISBN 9781032168418 (paperback) | ISBN 9781003250531 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Burn out (Psychology) | Work environment. | Personnel management. | COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020---Influence. Classification: LCC BF481 .B857 2023 (print) | LCC BF481 (ebook) | DDC 158.7/23--dc23/eng/20220725 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022035316 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022035317 ISBN: 978-1-032-16841-8 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-032-15874-7 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-25053-1 (ebk) DOI: 10.4324/9781003250531 Typeset in Bembo by MPS Limited, Dehradun Contents List of contributors ix Introduction 1 MICHAEL P. LEITER AND CARY L. COOPER 1 High expectations and unreciprocated effort in societal exchange: Lessons from the pandemic about psychological forces that influence burnout 7 RACHEL C. SUMNER AND ELAINE L. KINSELLA 2 Pandemic implications for six areas of worklife 21 MICHAEL P. LEITER AND CHRISTINA MASLACH 3 Job burnout: The epidemic within a pandemic 38 CHRIS MAHAR AND ARLA DAY 4 What do we really understand about the relationship between physical activity and burnout? 68 VALÉRIE HERVIEUX, CLAUDE FERNET, AND CAROLINE BIRON 5 Teacher (Dis)connectedness and burnout during COVID-19 83 LAURA SOKAL, LESLEY EBLIE TRUDEL, AND JEFF BABB 6 “To the last drop.” The acceleration of the exhaustion process due to the new working ways imposed by COVID-19 107 SANTIAGO GASCÓN, MARÍA JOSÉ CHAMBEL, AND ÁNGELA C. ASENSIO viii Contents 7 Hiding behind a mask: A multilevel perspective of burnout shame 121 ARISTIDES I. FERREIRA 8 COVID-19 impact on health care worker burnout: Insights from the areas of worklife model for job burnout 139 COLIN P. WEST 9 Stress test: The impact of COVID on employee burnout in the Department of Veterans Affairs 150 CHEYNA BROWER, SEAN BECKER, AND KATERINE OSATUKE 10 Working from home during a pandemic: A theoretical perspective on work–home spillover and risk of burnout 175 IGOR PORTOGHESE AND MAURA GALLETTA 11 Work/home spillover when working from home 199 OI-LING SIU AND NUOXUN LIN 12 Return to work and the workplace during the pandemic: Navigating new normal(s) 215 JONATHON R. B. HALBESLEBEN Index 232 Contributors Ángela C. Asensio is a Professor of Social Psychology at the Faculty of Social and Labor Sciences at the University of Zaragoza, Spain. She is currently working towards her Masters in Occupational Health and Safety, with a speciality in ergonomics and applied psychosociology. Jeff Babb is an Associate Professor with the Department of Mathematics & Statistics at the University of Winnipeg, Canada. He has extensive statistical consulting experience with industry, government, and academia in the planning, design, implementation, analysis, and reporting of scientific research projects and in the design and analysis of questionnaires and surveys. Sean Becker is currently working at the Veteran Affairs National Center for Organizational Development and finishing his PhD in Industrial/ Organizational and Human Factors Psychology at Wright State University, USA. His research focuses on scale development, occupational stress, and selection. Caroline Biron is a Full Professor and Director of the Center of Expertise in Occupational Health and Safety Management at Laval University, Canada. Her research includes the evaluation of programs and organisational interventions aimed at improving the well-being of people and organisational performance and the process for developing and implementing occupational health and safety interventions in organisations. Cheyna Brower is a Personnel Psychologist at the National Center for Organization Development at the U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, USA. She currently specialises in Data analysis and data product development for the VA research team. Maria José Chambel is an Associate Professor with Aggregation at the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Lisbon, Portugal, teaching in the Work and Organizational Psychology field. She is a member of the Research Center for Psychological Science at the University of Lisbon and has participated in and coordinated several research projects.