New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Division of Fish, Wildlife and Marine Resources Bureau of Fisheries Annual Report Highlights and Accomplishments 2002/2003 December 2003 George E. Pataki, Governor Erin M. Crotty, Commissioner Introduction The New York State Department of The distribution of effort by Bureau of Fisheries Environmental Conservation, Division of Fish, Wildlife staff is provided as an overview of the number of staff and Marine Resources, Bureau of Fisheries delivers a days that were expended to delivery a quality very diverse program and annually conducts a wide statewide fisheries program; however the focus of this array of activities to accomplish its mission: report is to describe the results of the Bureau of Fisheries 41,000-plus days of effort during fiscal year Conserve and enhance New York State’s 2002/2003. abundant and diverse populations of freshwater fishes while providing the This report for state fiscal year 2002/2003 (April public with quality recreational angling 1, 2002 through March 31, 2003) is an effort to opportunities. highlight many of the findings and accomplishments of activities and efforts carried out by Bureau of During the state fiscal year 2002/2003, the Bureau Fisheries staff. This report is not inclusive of all of Fisheries logged a total of 41,528 staff days of Bureau staff activities conducted during 2002/2003. effort which was valued at more than $7.6 million. It is a compilation of information that describes Most of this effort was provided by permanent activities which were conducted that resulted in personnel (26,784 staff days), but 14,733 staff days were provided by temporary personnel. significant findings during 2002/2003 or activities from previous years for which results became For 2002/2003, Bureau of Fisheries activities were available during 2002/2003. Information contained in organized under 20 objectives (see Table 1 on next this report was provided by the Regional Fisheries page) which generally describe the intended outcomes Units, Fish Hatcheries, Great Lakes Fisheries Units, from our efforts (e.g. restored, self-sustaining fish and Central Office staff. populations; healthy hatchery fish; hatchery production to meet demands; additional public fishing access; The information is arranged by fishery type (e.g. improved aquatic habitats). The objective which coldwater stream, warmwater lake) or focus area accounted for the greatest amount of total staff effort (36%) was: (e.g. creel and angler surveys, public access) and further by Unit within the Bureau (e.g. Region 1 Meet 100% of hatchery production Fisheries Unit, Adirondack Hatchery, Lake Erie requirements for all species and life stages by Fisheries Unit) responsible for the accomplishments annually or findings. The second highest amount of total staff effort (27%) was expended on the following objective: Produce 22 million angler days of fishing effort on Great Lakes and inland waters of New York State by the year 2002 i Table 1. - Distribution of Bureau of Fisheries staff effort among twenty Bureau of Fisheries programmatic objectives for the state fiscal year 2002/2003. Bureau of Fisheries Objective Total Staff Percent of Total Staff Days Staff Days Costs Prevent degradation of existing quality aquatic habitat and reduce impaired aquatic 1,334 3.2% $299,175 habitats by 10% by the year 2001 Restore 5 additional self-sustaining populations of New York State-listed threatened 294 0.7% $57,067 or endangered fishes by 2006 Maintain self-sustaining populations of 165 species of freshwater and anadromous 3,015 7.3% $548,507 fishes in New York waters Provide 50 additional fisheries supported entirely by self-sustaining populations of 141 0.3% $28,053 wild fishes in publicly accessible New York waters by 2001 Increase the benefits to cost ratio of producing an angler day of recreational fishing by 822 2.0% $221,245 10% by the year 2000 Increase angling participation in New York State by 10% by the year 2002 (participation 260 0.6% $51,442 defined by two or more trips per year) A majority of anglers who solicit information from the Bureau of Fisheries will indicate 1,675 4.0% $337,410 satisfactory assistance was provided Produce 22 million angler days of fishing effort on Great Lakes and inland waters of 11,268 27.1% $2,069,402 New York State by the year 2002 Based on the 1996 statewide survey, the proportion of anglers indicating that DEC's 386 0.9% $61,575 overall fisheries management programs do not produce good or excellent fishing will decrease by 10% by the year 2002 The average health and physical condition of all fishes cultured at each DEC hatchery 1,022 2.5% $188,894 will meet or exceed measurable quality standards established by the Bureau of Fisheries annually Meet 100% of hatchery production requirements for all species and life stages 15,166 36.5% $2,536,972 annually Acquire 10 miles of Public Fishing Rights (PFR) easements annually and maintain the 617 1.5% $117,392 PFR network for optimal angler use and enjoyment Acquire new waterway access parcels as opportunities and funding permit. Complete 491 1.2% $126,364 development of 3 Boating Access Sites annually while maintaining the waterway access network for optimal angler use and enjoyment Safety and performance training. All Bureau of Fisheries field and hatchery staff will 289 0.7% $55,864 participate in an aquatic safety training workshop every 3 years Training. All Bureau of Fisheries staff will have reasonable opportunity to participate in 434 1.0% $88,047 training to enhance their job performance and promotional preparation All Bureau staff will have reasonable opportunity to participate in professional and 194 0.5% $49,145 technical conferences/workshops that facilitate and update staff expertise and professional standing Computer training. All Bureau of Fisheries staff will have ready access to a modern 41 0.1% $9,345 computer and will be trained in use of GroupWise (WordPerfect Office) and other computer software pertinent to their job performance Increase participation in angling by urban and suburban residents by 25% by 2005 557 1.3% $109,249 Meet requirements for program reports on schedule and meet internal and external 905 2.2% $215,361 customer needs in a timely manner Provide effective administrative support and personnel transactions 1,165 2.8% $204,347 All other Division objectives 1,452 3.5% $257,917 Bureau of Fisheries Totals 41,528 $7,632,773 ii Table of Contents Page Warmwater Lakes and Ponds 1 Coldwater Lakes and Ponds 15 Warmwater Rivers and Streams 19 Coldwater Streams 27 Two-Story Lakes and Ponds 35 Great Lakes 43 Creel and Angler Surveys 59 Habitat Management, Protection and Restoration 65 Extension, Education and Outreach 71 Public Access and Use 83 Fish Culture 89 Fish Species Production by Hatchery 95 Hatchery Fish Production by Species 99 Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern Species 101 Urban and Suburban Fisheries 103 Administration 107 Bureau of Fisheries Staffing 111 Appendix— list of common abbreviations and Acronyms 115 iii Bureau of Fisheries 2002/2003 Annual Report – Warmwater Lakes and Ponds Warmwater Lakes and Ponds Region 1 Blydenburgh Lake Electrofishing The Regional Fisheries Unit completed two nights of electrofishing in Blydenburgh Lake on May 20 and 21. The electrofishing survey showed a shift in the largemouth bass population from most individuals in the 9 to 12 inch range when the lake was last surveyed in 1998 to most individuals in the 12 to 15 inch range. The overall catch rate (bass/hour) of largemouth bass declined from 63 in 1998 to 37 in 2002, while the catch Figure 3 Largemouth bass catch per hour from five ponds in rate of bass over 12 inches increased from 3 in 1998 to Nassau County, before and after the implementation of a 31 in 2002. Bluegill, pumpkinseed and yellow perch catch and release only regulation. populations all shifted slightly toward smaller fish. Bluegill and yellow perch catch rates remained the 5 ponds. Largemouth bass RSD15 decreased in essentially unchanged while pumpkinseed catch rates Massapequa Lake from 5 in 1999 to 2 in 2002; increased. This electrofishing survey will provide some however, the high PSD indicates that more bass of the background information needed to assess the should move into the preferred size class during the effects of a regulation change which will allow fishing next two years. One concern about Massapequa Lake for bass from March 16 up until the regular Long is that there were no bass caught smaller than 270 mm Island Bass Season reopens on the first Saturday in during the 2002 survey while 13 were caught during June. This regulation went into effect in October 1, the 1999 survey. The cause for this lack of smaller 2002. sized bass is unclear. All five ponds also had an Nassau County largemouth bass No-kill regulation electrofishing evaluation Between May 6 and June 10, 2002, Massapequa Reservoir, Upper Twin Pond , Massapequa Lake, Lower Twin Pond and South Pond were electrofished to evaluate the Nassau County no-kill regulation that began in October, 1998. Massapequa Reservoir, Massapequa Lake, Lower Twin Pond and South Pond had been electrofished during the spring of 1999 to establish baseline data. Upper Twin Pond has been electrofished every even year since 1992. In four of the five ponds, the largemouth bass PSD almost Figure 4 Proportional Stock Density (PSD) of largemouth bass doubled from either the 1999 or 2000 electrofishing collected from five ponds in Nassau County, before and after the implementation of a catch and release only regulation. surveys (Figure 1). The Massapequa Reservoir largemouth bass PSD increased from 37 in 1999 to 70 in 2002. The Massapequa Lake largemouth bass PSD increase in the electrofishing catch per hour of 12 inch increased from 37 in 1999 to 71 in 2002. The Upper or larger sized largemouth bass (Figure 2). Twin Pond largemouth bass PSD increased from 18 in 1998 to 27 in 2000 and 53 in 2002. The South Pond largemouth bass PSD increased from 28 in 1999 to 89 While this increase was not always significant, it did in 2002. The Lower Twin Pond largemouth bass PSD indicate better survival of 12 inch and larger decreased from 50 in 1999 to 27 in 2002. At both largemouth bass. South Pond and Lower Twin Pond, the sample sizes were small. Largemouth bass RSD15 increased in 4 of Page 1 Bureau of Fisheries 2002/2003 Annual Report – Warmwater Lakes and Ponds Given that all surveyed ponds either had increases in were the highest on record since the inception of the PSD, RSD15 or both and that the CPUE of 12 inch beach seining survey in 1990. However, low water and larger bass increased at all ponds, the conclusion is levels in Lake Ronkonkoma resulted in the seining of that the Nassau County no-kill bass regulation is weedbeds not usually included in the standard survey having a desired effect on the stock structure of the sites. Yellow perch were captured at a rate of 15.4 bass populations in Nassau County. The results from fish per haul while white perch were caught at a rate Massapequa Reservoir are particularly revealing. In of 12.9 fish per haul. Seine catches of these species 1999, a creel survey of Massapequa Reservoir are extremely variable among years and the 2002 data estimated that 6,300 angler trips (± 625 angler trips) falls within the historical range. Other species were taken between April 1, 1999 and November 5, collected during the survey include: black crappie, 1999. Since Massapequa Reservoir is only 20 acres, bluegill, pumpkinseed, golden shiner, and banded that equates to 315 trips per acre during that time killifish. frame. Upper Twin Pond also had intense fishing pressure. During the same time frame in 1999, an Peconic River Contaminant Samples Collected estimated 4,450 angler trips (± 488 angler trips) were Beginning on July 8th, Biologist Fred Henson, Senior taken. Upper Twin Pond is also 20 acres, which Technician Tom Hughes, and Laborer Mike DiMarco comes out to 223 trip per acre. Both Massapequa used various gear types over the course of two weeks Reservoir and Upper Twin Pond had increased PSD to collect fish from Swan Pond and the Peconic River and RSD15 despite very intense angling pressure. This impoundments of Donahue’s Pond and Forge Pond. is an indication of compliance with the no-kill The fish will be independently tested for radioisotopes regulation. In support of this conclusion, during the and other contaminants by the NYS Department of 1999 creel survey, only six largemouth bass were Health and by Department of Energy Environmental creeled during 1,154 angler interviews. Staff as part of an ongoing monitoring program to evaluate potential health risks posed by pollution from Two years of data is not enough to get an accurate Brookhaven National Laboratory. Three categories of picture of what is going on in the ponds. All five ponds fish were collected: piscivores (pickerel/bass), panfish will be electrofished in even numbered years to further (pumpkinseed/bluegill), and benthivores (brown evaluate the no-kill regulation, with the next survey bullhead). Except for Swan Pond, the control water, period in 2004. sufficient tissue in all three categories was obtained to meet the laboratory protocols of both institutions. Lake Ronkonkoma Walleye Stocking On July 2nd, Biologist Fred Henson and Laborer Mike DEC and State Parks meet to discuss Hempstead DiMarco assisted DEC hatchery staff in stocking Lake water levels walleye into Lake Ronkonkoma as part of an ongoing The drought of 2002, possibly coupled with the inability program to reduce a superabundant white perch to completely close the spillway of the Hempstead population and improve angling in Long Island’s largest Lake Dam, resulted in the lake drying up for the first freshwater lake. Lake Ronkonkoma received 10,000 time in the history of the lake. This caused the total pond raised walleye fingerlings which averaged one loss of the fish community in Hempstead Lake. and three quarters inches in length. Regional Director Ray Cowen, Regional Fisheries Manager Chart Guthrie, Regional Water Engineer Eric Lake Ronkonkoma Juvenile Bass Assessment Starr and Mike Stankiewicz from the Central Office Summer beach seine sampling of Lake Ronkonkoma Dam Safety Unit met with State Parks staff to discuss was conducted on August 8th by Fisheries staff. A 100 what could be done to bring the lake back and prevent foot seine net was hauled at seven sites around the it from drying up again. It was agreed that without a shoreline to assess the abundance of juvenile game change in the weather the lake would not come back. and forage fish. On average, largemouth bass were It was also agreed that the lack of water offered an caught at a rate of 10.8 fish per haul and smallmouth excellent opportunity to repair the dam and possibly dig bass were caught at a rate of 1.8 fish per haul. out the lake bottom to create a deep water refuge Juvenile fish dominated the catch for both bass during future droughts. However, before any repair species. For both bass species, the 2002 catch rates work can be done on the dam, the hazard status of the Page 2 Bureau of Fisheries 2002/2003 Annual Report – Warmwater Lakes and Ponds dam needs to be determined and an engineering study comparable to the 1997 survey. Additionally, the completed. It was agreed that prior to completing the Regional Fisheries staff chose to survey this lake again hazard status assessment, Parks could remove all of in order to help develop a strong continuous data set of the nonfunctional gates in the dam. This would allow at least one regional lake. Many of our lakes are the water in the lake to rise no higher than 12.5 feet similar and can benefit from the knowledge acquired above sea level and leave all of the gates exposed so by doing frequent surveys at Prospect Park Lake. that they could be worked on once the hazard status determination and engineering study were completed. Preliminary analysis of the data show that the From a natural resources perspective, the ideal largemouth bass population has retained its numbers elevation of the lake is 18 feet above sea level, but this and healthy size distribution (Table 1.). The bluegill and submerges the lowest gates which makes it very pumpkinseed populations have improved considerably difficult to work on them. It is hoped that once the in their size distribution with the PSDs coming up to hazard classification and engineering study are respectable numbers. The black crappie population has complete it will be determined to be safe to maintain continued to expand as has the chain pickerel the water level closer to elevation 18. (NOTE: The population. nonfunctional gates were not removed during the drought and by the end of FY2002/03 the lake level Table 1. Length Distribution of Prospect Park Lake Fish had risen above the level of the lower gates). Stoc Qualit Prefer- 2002 1997 2002 1997 k y Size ed Size PSD PSD RSD RSD Size (p) (p) Prospect Park Electrofishing On October 21st and 22nd, Biologist Greg Kozlowski, Largemouth 8 12 15 67.9 61 24.4 42 Bass Senior Technician Tom Hughes, and Laborers Mike Black Crappie 5 8 10 75 67.5 DiMarco and John Lundie assisted Region 2 and New Bluegill 3 6 8 30.8 1 0 York City Parks with an electrofishing survey of Pumpkinseed 3 6 8 28.9 0 Prospect Park Lake in Brooklyn, New York. During the two days of sampling, many fish were captured, including sunfish, yellow perch, black crappie, common carp, chain pickerel, and largemouth bass. The purpose Van Cortlandt Lake, Bronx of the survey was to assess the fish community in the As part of a DEC dredging permit, the NYC Parks lake and collect fish samples for the toxic substance Department was asked to do both a pre and a post monitoring program. dredging fish survey of VanCortland Lake in the Bronx. Ichthyological Associates was contracted and surveys were done in conjunction with BOF regional Region 2 staff on Oct 10, 2001 and on September 17, 2002. The aim of the surveys was to assess the possible impacts Prospect Park Lake, Brooklyn of dredging on the fish community. The hydraulic In a two day general biological survey, Regions 1 and dredging started in November 2001 and ended in 2 BOF staff teamed-up to electrofish the 55 acre February 2002. The lake went from a mean depth of 4 Prospect Park Lake. The lake was last sampled in feet to a mean depth of approximately 6 feet. These 1997 and a creel survey was completed during the were the first surveys of the lake and serve as a summer of 2001. This lake receives more attention starting point for fishery management as well as an than any other regional water as it receives the highest assessment of the dredging process. number of freshwater anglers and has a dedicated staff of City employees, including biologists, who make The first survey yielded 355 fish representing the management of the fishery more effective. This year’s following 10 species: goldfish, common carp, golden electrofishing survey was designed to see how the shiner, white sucker, brown bullhead, pumpkinseed, fishery has withstood the changes in the lake’s bluegill, largemouth bass, black crappie, and yellow macrophyte population and fish introductions since the perch. The majority of the catch was bluegill (179 of 1997 electrofishing survey. The recent creel survey 355), while goldfish, white sucker, golden shiner, and served this same purpose but was not directly brown bullhead combined to only account for 11 of the Page 3 Bureau of Fisheries 2002/2003 Annual Report – Warmwater Lakes and Ponds 355 fish caught. This trend was confirmed in the Walleye, first stocked by New Jersey in 1992, are now second survey though no goldfish, golden shiner and more abundant than largemouth and smallmouth bass. white sucker where captured. There was a strong The catch rate for legal length walleye (18 inches or year class of black crappie and yellow perch that longer) was 25/hour in 2002 compared to 7/hour in helped raise the mean length from 99mm to 171mm 1997. Total walleye catch rates were 35/hour in 2002 from 2001 to 2002 for black crappie and from 109mm (14/hour in 1997). PSDs were 90 in 2002 and 100 in to 151mm for yellow perch. The catch of largemouth 1997. Walleye reach legal length during their fourth bass was similar in 2001 and 2002. The mean size of year. largemouth declined though due to a strong set of YOY in the 2002 survey. The Parks Dept. has agreed Muskellunge and tiger musky have not been collected to stock some golden shiners, black crappie and adult effectively with electrofishing gear; however, each bluegills. April New Jersey collects muskellunge brood stock in trap nets and incidentally traps tiger musky. In 2001, Region 3 the most recent year for which data were reported, 23 muskellunge ranging from 32 to 45 inches (8.0 to 22.1 Greenwood Lake lbs) and 3 tiger muskys (no lengths reported) were Greenwood Lake is a 1,920-acre warmwater lake collected during 36 net nights. located half in New York and half in New Jersey which supports sport fisheries for largemouth bass, Results of the 1997 and 2002 electrofishing surveys smallmouth bass, muskellunge, tiger musky, walleye, were surprising in that they not only documented and channel catfish. Bass are managed under a special survival of walleye but confirmed they have been very regulation permitting fishing all year with an April 15 to successful in this alewife dominated water, making June 15 “no kill” period. It is a popular recreational Greenwood Lake a premier walleye water in Region lake with several bass tournaments held here annually. 3. Survey results also provided troubling information New York annually stocks 4,300 tiger musky; New regarding the largemouth bass population. Additional Jersey stocks varying numbers of and sizes of spring electrofishing surveys should be conducted to muskellunge, walleye and channel catfish. Alewife are help determine the status of largemouth in this lake and very abundant and support a commercial fishery assess fisheries management options. licensed in New Jersey. Bureau of Fisheries staff conducted a night electrofishing centrarchid survey in Swinging Bridge Reservoir May, 2002. Results of this survey suggest the This reservoir was an experimental stocking target for largemouth bass population is declining but walleye are walleye with the objective of establishing a self- abundant. sustaining population. Pond fingerlings (20,000/year) were stocked annually from 1993 - 1997, with an The catch rate for largemouth bass 12 inches or longer additional 5,000,000 fry stocked in 1998. No wild was only 3/hour in 2002 compared to 21/hour in 1990 walleye were documented in the reservoir until 2000 and 9.7/hour in 1997. Total largemouth catch rates and 2001, when routine fall electrofishing collected were 3/hour in 2002 compared to 31/hour and 22/hour substantial numbers of wild fingerling walleye. in 1990 and 1997, respectively. PSDs were 100 in 2002, 65 in 1997, and 74 in 1990. Largemouth reach This documentation of successful walleye recruitment legal length (12 inches) during their fourth year. for two years in a row remains both exciting and perplexing, in that it appears the original objective of Smallmouth bass were more abundant than largemouth the experimental walleye stocking program has been bass in 2002. Catch rate for bass 12 inches or longer met, in spite of an historically abundant alewife was 9/hour compared to 2/hour in 1990 and 8/hour in population which shouldn’t allow for walleye fry 1997. Total smallmouth catch rates were 15/hour in survival. 2002 compared to 5/hour and 17/hour in 1990 and 1997, respectively. PSDs were 58 in 2002, 64 in 1997, and 61 in 1990. Smallmouth reach legal length (12 Fall night electrofishing in October of 2002 failed to inches) during their fifth year. collect any fingerling walleye, indicating failure of the Page 4 Bureau of Fisheries 2002/2003 Annual Report – Warmwater Lakes and Ponds 2002 walleye year class. Future sampling will continue bass were captured yielding a CPUE of 14.7 to document the status of this developing walleye bass/hour. This sampling effort was intended to sample population, while simultaneously attempting to inshore spawning bass, but unusually warm spring document the dynamics of the alewife/walleye conditions resulted in early spawning conditions in this interactions that have allowed for two successful years shallow, dark-bottomed lake. Many unoccupied bass of walleye recruitment. nests were observed. Pumpkinseed spawning was in full progress, however, and large numbers of adult Region 5 sunfish were captured. Other species captured were chain pickerel, brown bullhead, yellow perch, golden Lake Durant Surveyed shiner and chubsucker. Captured bass ranged from 9- Lake Durant, Hamilton County, was boat 19.6 inches, with many in the 12-16 inch bracket. electrofished to assess its bass population and a tiger Chain pickerel were about as abundant as bass, but musky stocking policy. This shallow, weedy lake is many were of small size. Oxbow Lake is bordered by easily accessed from Route 30 and DEC’s Lake Route 8, but has limited public access. This survey Durant Campground. A quality largemouth bass indicated the lake has a good bass fishery potential. population was found and several large tiger musky Improved public access needs to be developed on state were caught or observed. A total of 1.5 hours was lands bordering the north or eastern shores of the lake. spent targeting all fish species with an additional 2.5 The Hamilton County regulation permitting harvest of hours spent targeting gamefish. The CPUE for five chain pickerel of any size is probably helping to largemouth bass was 32/hour with a good number of sustain the bass fishery in this lake by keeping pickerel quality sized fish. Other species captured were golden numbers under control. shiner, common shiner, rock bass, pumpkinseed, yellow perch, banded killifish, brown bullhead, white sucker Piercefield Flow Surveyed and central mudminnow. The tiger musky stocking Region 5 staff encroached on Region 6 administrative policy for this lake will be continued and the quality territory to sample the fish population in Piercefield largemouth bass population will be mentioned in Flow, Town of Piercefield, St. Lawrence County in appropriate fishing brochures. June, 2002. The hydroelectric dam on this impoundment is going through FERC relicensing and Lake Abanakee Surveyed this survey was needed to update information on the Lake Abanakee, Hamilton County, was gillnetted in general fisheries community. The Flow is located close the deeper portions of the lake to assess survival of to Tupper Lake in Region 5 and Region 6 staff walleye fingerlings. The fingerlings were stocked by willingly agreed to allow us the honors of netting the the Town of Indian Lake under a permit from DEC in lake. Five Swedish experimental gillnets were set the mid-1990's. This shallow impoundment is subject to along the old river channel in this shallow frequent water releases from the Lake Abanakee and impoundment. Species and number captured were Indian Lake dams. No walleye were captured in the walleye (7), northern pike (4), brown bullhead (115), netting. Additional walleye stocking is not rock bass (31), yellow perch (13), pumpkinseed (21), recommended in the future. white sucker (15) and cisco (1). Piercefield Flow is shallow, with many old stumps and rocks to slow down Oxbow Lake Surveyed unwary boaters. The impoundment is usually drained in Oxbow Lake in the Town of Arietta, Hamilton County the fall as a flood control measure. The fish was boat electrofished in mid-June 2002 to assess its community in Piercefield Flow would benefit if a more warmwater fish population. Complaints have been stable lake level regime could be established. received in recent years about declines in the largemouth bass population. Utilizing a new Smith- Root electrofishing boat, virtually the entire shoreline Region 6 of the lake was sampled during daylight runs. Four 15- minute runs capturing all fish were done and 4.3 hours Butterfield Lake of further sampling was directed at capturing gamefish During 2002, Region 6 Fisheries staff surveyed only. A total of 33 smallmouth bass and 45 largemouth Butterfield Lake to assess the status of resident fish Page 5 Bureau of Fisheries 2002/2003 Annual Report – Warmwater Lakes and Ponds populations. In particular, the objective of the study stocked into the lake (in 1989) with hopes of was to evaluate the impact annual stocking has had on establishing self-sustaining populations of one or both the lake’s walleye fishery and its management goal: To bass species. increase the CPUE and size quality of its existing fishery. As per the protocol of the Percid Sampling Surveys in 1990 and 1994 detected some survival of Manual, this effort involved June gillnetting (12 net tiger muskellunge and documented successful natural nights) and October night-time boat electrofishing recruitment of both smallmouth and largemouth bass. (2.74 hours of on-time directed at walleye). No walleye were sampled or observed during these surveys. Angler reports over the past 10+ years Overall, fifteen species were represented in the indicate a black bass fishery has developed, but samples. Bluegill, captured at the rate of 453 per hour dissatisfaction over a lack quality sized individuals was of electrofishing, was the most common species expressed. The only reports of tiger muskellunge being sampled. Of the game-fish species, largemouth bass caught by anglers have been during the winter, where were the most abundant, captured at a rate of more fish up to 15 pounds have been reported harvested. than 52 per hour. The largemouth bass PSD and RSD values of 56 and 27 (respectively) indicate that During 2002, Region 6 Fisheries staff surveyed Butterfield Lake offers a quality bass population. In Horseshoe Lake to assess the status of resident fish contrast, survey results indicate Butterfield Lake’s populations. In particular, the objectives of the study walleye population is very sparse, and suggests included evaluations of post stocking success relative survival from past stocking of both fry and fingerlings, to the lake’s walleye, black bass and tiger muskellunge has been negligible. At catch rates of 0.7 per hour of populations. As per the protocol of the Percid and electrofishing and 0.2 per gill net night, Butterfield Centracid Sampling Manuals, this effort involved June Lake joins the ranks of other Region 6 waters (eg. gillnetting (10 net nights) and October night-time boat Clear, Sixtown and Grass Lakes) where stocking electrofishing (1.72 hours of on-time directed at success has been limited. A likely contributor to gamefish). Butterfield’s situation is its high abundance of other predator species, largemouth bass (CPUE = 52 per hour) and northern pike (CPUE = 16 per hour). Overall, nine species were represented in the 2002 Despite these poor results with walleye, angler interest samples. Yellow perch, captured at the rates of in the Butterfield Lake walleye fishery and their >1,000 per hour of electrofishing, and > 43 per net reports of modest walleye catches offer support for night, was by far, the most common species sampled. continuing walleye management in the lake. In comparison to past surveys, where electrofishing catch rates were > 100 per hour (1990) and gillnet Horseshoe Lake catch rates were >23 per net night (1987 ALSC), Horseshoe Lake (399 acres) is located in the SE yellow perch abundance appears to have increased corner of St. Lawrence County, in the Town of substantially over the past decade, despite the Piercefield. As an integral part of the Horseshoe Lake introduction and establishment of four different Wild Forest, the lake and its shores are popular with predator species. anglers, boaters and campers. Prior to 1985, Horseshoe Lake was managed as an Adirondack Of the gamefish species, smallmouth bass were the Brook Trout Pond. Post reclamation re-infestation of most abundant, captured at a rate >30 per hour. the lake with yellow perch however, limited its success Largemouth bass, collected at a rate of >16 per hour, as a coldwater fishery. In the mid-1980s, stocking were also common in the sample. Based on these policies for both tiger muskellunge (1,300 fingerlings) catch rates, density of both species is considered to be and walleye (fry) were established for the lake with moderate in comparison to other New York State the goal of establishing new populations of these waters. The smallmouth and largemouth bass PSD and species. The tiger muskellunge policy is still in effect, RSD were 35 and 29, and 60 and 50, preferred , while the walleye fry stockings were dropped after respectively. Contrary to angler reports received to- 1988. In the place of walleye approximately 200 adult date, survey results indicate that the size structure of smallmouth and largemouth bass (100 each) were the Horseshoe Lake bass populations includes enough Page 6