comm se TH Modulators ny 0, LUST (nasi sv Too 8,0) In a PH reywater the vguiofrvmunary dewnconcction, upoonve atom oil sa su pefarned by than sodler aid ate wodlatr, The hoes of an wrhataocel design ean in simple mealtor microcace biencave thigh ca be suiy test aed wriferlyenpenducad. The hit ‘aud tranamiter meatal wae vara te fr hgh pup efioncy tole, on te oerser mou, Seasthy ade twee! bs aces tae tuo Bp and Broan peeaton. reolse agen Ue mod etons: a rot imoitlaver for Iresueisy downeorvemion, 9 abict module to” fr fre fquesey crulation, tad a teeaaitter nto or for feequerey cpeon~ oon. These are wlan sole state waoolstars having diferent TP vireuits and electrical reuixements but einer miroware stnie- tures, Bach of tee uvlulacen. couies of to dieeast atomisum, parts, ove forthe tienowave stmekire and the ether ‘er ie TP ei nite "The receiver modular i sed th dowmsonvert the recived microm ‘wave signal and to preizplily lve TeME LP sigan before it ie fe ta the TF iin amplifies for further anplifeation. Since she receiver Iredialator is the ist active deviee tal wpm Ihe reer microwave ‘Sanat twee designed priority obtain the highest posible eari= lesnoise ratio eonsistert with yon? tvanemigsin performance sod re= abit "The tovasmiter wanllaser conveste the 7O-MTle frequeneysmohie ited IP szaal to # veiviowase signal boving an upper end x lower sideband. ‘The wppcr sideband i eexetod by an external nkrowave ‘er and fed tothe TWD supliter for further arspsSeation peor to 2156 tomy vraa, mvsorar TREINTGAL soCMSD, SORENEE WML tranenieeon, The traraniter moulslor wax alae dasigned with epe- al allersion toward transnitsion pasfermanee, rebity, and exee of tung In a THES repeator, ce freeusmuy plan reales 8 252-MHe dier- fenge betmeen the zeceved wd irate egal. Aa rel, Sepaeace Tonal aviator signals axe required for the reeciver end transmitter rmodulnions, Fur reasons af eystem stability and ccanomy, it ie do- sirable co uee a snele mievowave gonerator as n goure of eal osils~ tor signal A shit mosilatar ts Hurston asd La eombine a portion fof ch eal oweilator signal wits u 252-MIIz signal und to preduoe an Sulput igual baving tre sdchends, one 269 MITz chove and one 252 ‘MEE below the xoplied loeel eve Tklor signa. The desinal upper ot lower Fdehand is ther selected ky uz external wmirowave filer nd serves a the Toes! ogcillatar rgaal for the voosiver modulate. Bo fave of the sift modulator cenvecsion loss, the abift rascals ix ‘stein the reeriver weve te lea’ cel eto sigeal level required 0 tire the roccer tm wr i coieradly Tower that ‘he vel (pated to deve the traitor mednssoe ‘The design of the raciver madelctor wne pteraed ale: an enter design sucocully seed in a €Clls rao syecem.* Asin the ea oF he oor TH troslaroe, thie unis coneies primarily of © dices oanie! in a mvoed-brpht weveguide stractune foloxed by an TP prowziplier wirouil. The Teal ewilelor aa veaeived anierowaye Signabe are appli! to the nsiver rina chraugh an external taierowive direeional Ser. ‘The wisnmwave stvetune and sseoeated TF eireitry were primacily desigil for iow noise and therfore ue ‘low-noise Sehottky barrier diode (WAC 497A) and input Lmasstor (WECo 480) respectively 2 The Afiencase Sirweture ‘The resiver modulator veee on unbalanced anieromave etucture Ishi, Isause of ia simple desig, wen possible to onsimnet usiog tie-ccating techniques ‘hich reruted ims uaifonm product reqining fsvininom of machining. As dhurasted by Big 1 the ezucture con fies of @ fulltonreduead-height waveguide alep fenadverr followed by an 8GH wale iron lowpass ‘ter and a diode wouated in & raduced-height wavuguile ou'y tmninnlad By a waveguide vor, ‘The dinds is piysiel'y mousted betwera a cousil shor, whieh i slko the diode holds, ace one end of +CHa enaxial lowes ther wurarens au eth ig Mase sang of sire medsatr and eer ly ‘The enasiel flter hes an RP aitewninr eovsistng of w eslindsiel Dead of rnrave lossy matsrn) insuml ab ane ead of ite centor fonluctor. Ths acienuator"# sl Ww prvkie adders) oes at fre Squencis luv 8 GEls. ‘The combined inestion lors of ths const filler and RE attemintor © wsprosimaccly $ dB at 08 GHy end A AaB we 6 GH, ‘The nille-iton Aitr har em ‘acertior: lose of epproxie rely 8 aR 82 Gls and 40.3 al 12 GHs. ‘The 6-GHx coxsal lowpass Her psonte high impedance vo the input mieromeve signale thos assuring eer: epplemion of hese Sigrale fo ho dla, The applied wieraave frequeceis mix in the thos 1 ysrale che cecned 70-0 UF diferceoy Srequeney ell te othe: profuns ar kasmanies of the input gan, Harmonies ofthe put sia are nents within the dind cavity by the waffles filter, while Ue 70-Mllz IP gl in applied te the TF preamplifier tinough the count lowe fer which Is designed to provide a good Srpedance natch to the dinde st 70 MH. The distanse whieh the fic! short (Gide buler) extends into the dle envity snd the dsiion of Tbe wavesuide sbork-wetw experimentally determined to fehiove the desined sonernion sfeieney and in-baod stailts. DC bins tr dhe diode a epplied oh the coaxial Sher from w network fn the TP preamplifier e2eut The verous ebupouente seid to wake ap the microwave sine ture of a tansnitter mocubisor feentially identical co that of w reoeivar raclaor) a2 shows in Piz 2. The airinne ie precision die 2168 Fig, 2-etiontlied micromane secur. sonar 2160 a inko to idenival Halves. IL ther mashing to accept the dude holder on one side unl Ue coaxial Alter on tho olber. Referring to Fig. 2, a diode gauge hole is machined lo @ specifi depth on (he Fane fone side of the slotute. ‘Pie Hole is wed (oo the distance which {he ial protzudee irom the diode holder 2 that when tha disde holder ie insert, proper min af the diode with « small sar chek. atthe inner ed of he coon lr ie seeured, ‘Typien) mhrowsve-to-L! eguverion las of the mierwave seus ture fe 44M. The nominal lgew willaes and roctived microwave sige fal levels upplnl tthe struckore we +6 and) dba rexpoctively. 2a The TF Posamplier "The ressiver madulsiur, shown in Pig. 3, eonveri the insoming ricrowve sul Sato an IP sara’ ith approsizately 17 to 27 6B Or gain, The TP peeatolier hos 8 nie Higure of spproximaloly 23 {IB aad, unxiuim goin espuilily 01 8B. As shown in Tie. 4 it foviste of ive ranisor steges: 4 comsnnn emita, a common emitter rch sant feedback, rst Unies transfrmet-eonples commen-buse ages, "The TO-MHs TF signa! thew from the caaxiel Jowpecs filler is applica to iuduelne Tr point A seeing upor the ebwrnel foo Gheney. Inductor Li ie net aajcove cho impedunes vouch ant te se ke gare of moshlalors aporatiog n the apser lf of the TIES bun; ¢ Fising golion Vspaescs the indaeor ir mailers tvsueng in the Tove al” of the TLS bane, ‘The Te antral teed rel the output power lee! at 1.5 lm dor the range of ious 2160 mm SELL evorest mpeMNTEML JOUNNAL, INE Gt yh Fey reper npucte for TS repenier easing, ad Soy an adjueinent ange of Shoat 1008, ayaow ae sion enaluiy are provided Uo adie Sor Fras RP-e-TP tsanotvasivn ‘The wvsral braiiasion ean rnd Eat to within QF UF peakelospeste deviation sere the SOMELe igual band, Tho eoipub resi Tose ie Waiesly heer than J0 as eros che sue bud. ‘The operstion acc] method ot applying che de bie to the Schottky dle iifers fom thet uses fn the aaron movtlator eign, Tw the tate desig, the diode bige nowware formed seonstant exert eouee, "The moto! lal the isaivaniays of eansing the maslaloe perform ‘anes tli very sentinel wat in ol gellar seal levee. Tre war found that an optimum biay network gouree resetanee eet Which ie neither comstant eurerni aor eersuanl vellagy but which rules the nioduaior performance seluively iaceaitive co variations in the morilatar local cailaton level. With the atin eourve resistance forthe bina network, the diode biae eument varies wih the Toot} oseaige level a0 cha the injwlaner of he Brholtky diode remins relatively wondant ag the Toon) ocillar level is banged ‘Monsements nn large mimoct of diosce using this netwoeks showed ‘nthe opium diode bise eatrent,onge set st the proper level fee given local ecellator level, is independent of the die charac= teristics and of tho channel Sequsney. wont am "The snap nas poveliomelr ie adjusted to obtain the dried diode current for given lees! usin level. Ones the antral adjusted anges in Toes) oeillaor level eave the ciode current (o wary ae Shown by the curve in Fig , Provisions aze also rando to monitr the fiode biae By an extra olen vin. Figure 6 shows the reeiver tnorletr noise gare sz T? pap evel snatiity to variations in Toca! oscillator level, Once se, the ove aulatr leva enor expete in very by wore than 1 or 2 UB; (his veraton te due mainly to tomparstore vacations, Hoveevor, @ level drug as prea a6 dB does rot ewve an appneciable Gouri on (typically ND) inthe dupe of the RP-teIP iransvssion sharaetsrsie over the 30-MHs signa ant {Pg SO de bin cust tol wo eel el] ade | a | t 2 | me LY oy Salons Tos! onto Lerel 2162 map ama svarunt ubeuszeaL Joona, SRPIMTEN 17) ‘Phe tranemitier medinlatar, shown in Fig. 7, ooowits of an IF tinier sampfier folomed by # single varacer diode mounted in a redretchelght mavogidde structure, The toator war designe Tor {inal EP ina Invel 20 che UF tater emplifion of —7 dim ard ‘lool eseator mietowave rignal level of ~18 dll. ‘Phe modulator tras devized we au appre rial wpeonvertan to translate a 70 2 TMH IP froqurzey bane to exy one of sixteen radio ebuaoel, eae Ireving a banewidta of 20 SMe und evnter (naqaeney in ange of 515 to 6100 M2. Fxtemel snculstoxs and « microwore bandpace Tiler ave ue to eupaly the correct lea esl wer sigan! wz to elect the desived sdaband eepectivay. ‘Tuning ta any ue of Ue mao hicnck is ccvomplished br eelesting ie deere’ output bandpaee Filer aod woplying the avesitar Toca osilstor egnal. ‘The de bist 0 the diode Sa thes adjved to tune the tzealater 20 the deived hase “hn exter! squclel insntor cial goottle he onal gal level ff the tsaimniter modulstoc. Thie eireuis provices, under exieme fading on bene uf merase exter ens, an gern bine voltage so the varseear diode whieh devine the nderomuve ode bey an eensen a demzeace inthe maculata cstput signal levs.. A rere detailed explanasion af che enselsh fanetion fs given in & eom= panien paper re Stretre ‘The lnnsriter mad etar aes an mthalene orarons 68 Eccles bers 1g 8 -Bercanegunra oftnatizae adelatnn. I ier sale, nt i hie ‘The minunave etmstaces of Se ‘seu modilaare citer on'y im 2 posiios of se wavegunde nod saci! azcrte excl ip the eharasterstie Tpreor of the sown’ Insite te? wie, inthis nave, wa opei= tritol in match fe vuraclo sine. Tae WLCo 408A vasector dio ther shar a varsto, wed in tee taanaiter sv<latan beesase oF to prone npromvension eisiewey. Ty adetion, i wi crsiehle to tre fib upper skishawd exelusively for both mexmum eBleieney snd Mabiliy. athoogt from aepetem vier, i would heve been more Alesenble fo wae boul he ape sre the lowe sideband TRefering to Fig, 8 he ‘oes! eesletorejgzal is apoliel io sm ex ermal cation ditibute secwork wero Ye is ouned (0 the input of the mieroneve sururlare by ezeuacare 4, 5, an 6. The signal Tinelly reachee the dle “hough the step tena aed wallton lowpass titer, The TOM ulated gna! from the output of the I biter apie i ple the dds zo le eax oes fter ‘The wefeeion ruins jesents a high impedance to the TOMI siemens assuring Bien apiesion ofthis signal to the 2164 vam onus sremmae zeeareun susan, etree Itt \iode, Similarly, Ue cuss! lowrase far presente a high impedance to the microwave rigral thus ussuring neslzible absorption of RF power. "The mixing eon of dhe dle genevates Frequencies of the fs © raft Th nsvity in which thee sine, wih ie eons tnd wevowuide shor, rfecte the RIP modulated signed out through ‘the sodEeirn lompias elutire wid slop tnasaduur Us tho extern carrier ditibation networ: wheze iv is routed to the external miso- ‘rave filer oy civelaters and 7 "The desined upper eideband (ff) in routed to the TWT ample vis the selesive misromeve bandpass Filler. The lower siden? long wh ether wrsited GO signals Ge fa fom Bvt le Lh ace let by che mvemwave ie fra torminatod by eel 7a the esnrerdasytion neler The sarinonies of the BAGH sgl oy oe) are resend oo a dace cwvisy by tho weifcirox end cove] lowpass structures end ace ‘isiparad inthe verintive components of sho envy, Wi the coda at fie bine, the co wavity ix resonated ot xpprivxtely 87 Gls O the waveguide short ard the eouxial chor, Vacyiog te disie bine rot —1 ip —4 velle vases Le quietan! capacitance of whe varaclar Sine nd his the altenice wa exp Raqueay helen 69 and 8 GHz Te nocnival Ioeal oiler ree e- 18 Bin, ned hy TOCBTEES IP level appli 0 the varsctor diode aries oss + JDM et the low end of the CHS Trequrvey lav’ ty P57 dB oe the Bagh end ofthe bund, This vel rane wae found neceseny Jetor expansion Intere than x 1-dl)drcp ia outpi {ai drop ia locl oaivcor inp! level) tax winiz, The puamp-to- ‘oxcpatesigal Ices i leee then 90 db. Tae IF-tc-aiermeave transi. Sion characteris cpielly deviates ise than BB HB rn Ps oot Alter sharaetice wochin = 16 MP ofthe chennel enter Srequeney. "The mlative lve! of the vuvinie xgnal praduke npnaning cnet at the opal of the rommilior eaululwor wav shown ia Fig, @. The product al the frequeney fy + 70 MIz is the desined upper sidebend Shieh i se'golad ly the niece Tavs Bt, a The 18 Lievier Amplifier ‘Tho TP limiter amplifier is wed vo suppress the residual AML inteo= duced by aorlineurties in various IP aad microwave networks and sete deiose; st leo provides tho eeqic LF rive level and de S Whee =, bal gulitr Segceny, fh — OP faeces, 6 = hanuee crfniasd m= mrmaais a