BRONZEA GEM ETALA NDA MBERI NT HEN ETHERLAN(DIS) J,BJU.T LER Biologisch-ArlcihlaSe/oGilrIooIgl/iellsilNicllelhl,d, g e riaIld ABSTRACTA: c omprehesntsuiidvosyfe fr eeodf tBhroen zAeg ef inodfmse twaolrakn adm beirnt hNee therlands. ParIta sn IdcI o nctehrnEe a ralnyMd i d1deB ronzAeg eP.a rI(t t hpiasri tas)p resaetnitiontn h,se t yolfet hnveelnatria Archaeoo!fto hgmeio ari,em poratsasnottc eifidan dbso,t rhi chgrearv aenshd o arPdasrI.tIw ilbelc oncernweidt h thset rfaiysn td,h etiyrp oldoigsyt,r iobruitgiaionnncds,u ltcuornatlef olxotlw;e bdy a c onclusdyinntighs Pe.as rItIsI anId Vw ildela ilns imiflahasiro wni tthh Lea tBero nze Age. KEYWORDSN:e therlEaanrdalsny,d M iddBlroen ze Age, ambteoro,wl esba,rp oononzrnsea,,m enhtosa,r ds, graves. 1.GE NERAILN TRODUCTION ofb ronzesa sfw aaarss ,t heev diencgeo ersa,ht e r slhitgT.h ermea ye vehna vbee eanp repondeorfa nce Asb ackgrofouron udpr r esentoaftt himeoa nt erialf,l ianntdo ther stoannedw etaopoo(ln.issea .x easn d secti2 osnu mmariozuerps r esevniwte of thed aggeirnus s)eI .ti ds iffictuodl otc umenbte ctahuisse comparacthirvoen oolfot ghyBe ronzAeg ei nt he thewye rrea redleyp osiintg erda vaensdh oarbdust;, Netheralnandn edisg hboaurreiansg. fore xampflieno,df fs l idnatg g(eprrsa ctailsclta rlalyy Sect3id oens crais beersio effs i nodfsE aralnyd finfdasor)u tnumfbienrod fEs a rBlryo nzAeg em etal MiddBlroen zAeg e amnbeecrk lawcietashp ,r efatordya ggers. essoanyt hepirro baobrlieg ins. 2.T heg raovreh oadrde posciotnst aipneirnsgo nal Sect4id oent aiIs ogtrhaefvrie n rdisch hoaeanrrd d s possessionsb eelvointdgoiee nndvdt iild yu oaflhsi gher oft hEea ralnyd M iddBlroen zAeg eM.a nyo ft hese socisatla twuhso,i, tc a n pbree sumweodu,lh da ve finhdasvb ee epnu blished (pnroietvnr ifeoqeuunstllyy requiawr ieddre arn ogfew eapoannsod rn aments than bym yseilntfh ceo urosfet lhaets hti -ordtydye arwse) ; coubledp rovibdyle odc carlta sfmewnh;oi na ncya se havteh ouiguths te ftuorl e petahdter awianngdfs i nd seetmoh avper odumcoesdt alxye s. dathae rfeor thsaek oefa fofrdiacn ogn venoiveenrtv iew,3 .I nt hcea soefs oem o thheora rwdesm ,a yb e top rovaindu ep daotfte h bei bglriaopahnyd,w, h ere dealwiintgih m porfrtosom t haerre oafsd icsarded necesasr aervy isoifio nnt erpreitnaa ctcioorndsa ncoeb jeicntetsn defdo rrce yc1iSnign.tc hee wreer neo witchu rrveinetw s. coppoerr otrientso b ef ounidnt hael luviaaln ds oils Herweeu steh teer'mh oatrodde's crtiwoboer m ore subosiolfts h Nee therlaalsnlud cmshe, t haaltd o come objecftousn dt ogheetrw ,i thoeuvti dencet hetyh aftr oamd istaTnhceeri.esn oe videfnorct ehB er onze belontgoaeg dr adveep oSsiint-g.ol bejdeecpto sitioAngsei, m portoafti inognoI tmsp.o rwtesrt eh ereifno re possibbellyo ntgoit nhcgea tegEoirsnyt iicwkihlolr tt,hfe o romf fihneoidbs jeecittsfh,oe rur soera ss crfaopr bec ataeldot gougheetr wsittrfhaiy n ds. re-mteilnTgh.e E arlByro nez Ageh oarfdr om Imta yb en ottehdat th earreae n umboefro b jeicnt s WageningeNno .1( F)0si enedmt soc ontoabijne ocft s burimaolu ndwsh icthh,o upgohs sidbelpyo siitne db otsho rtss.m ahlAo la rcdo nsisotfti wnomg i sca-st connecwtiitbohun r riiatlwe esrn,eo tth emseflrvoems Scandinn-atvyippaael stavetsh Eefm rmoemr dennen ag ravoer, 1 aeta asrtne o ktn owtno have ab eens eeimtnso r epretsheienm tp oorfft ou ndeswr a's ftreo m grave;f isnuadcrshte h eorrecefa1 ssiieafdsh oards. DenmaorrNk o rtGhe rmansyo;mo er a lolft hNeo rth Isth ounlodt sbuep potsheatdth he o ards and Wreilcshhe r palstthVaeov oersh hoiounatd (r FiNnod.1 )4 gravoefts h e EaanrMdl iyd dBlroen zAeg ep rovai de mayh avteh sea msegi nificiaffnor cmet ,ho ep posite balanpcitecudr oeft hree giopnraold ucotfmi eotna I­direcItmipoonor.ftt shs iosar rtle i kteohl ayv bee efna r worikn t hopshea sQeusi.tt hece o ntrtahreyfs:ie n ds morceo mmotnh atnh ree cosrhdo wass, twhoeuyl d contfaeiwln o caplrloyd uacretdi acnldae rsme,o stlyn ormahlalvyde ia sppeairnettdoh m ee ltpiontg. stocwkietdih m pofrrtosdm i vedrisree ctTihoimnsas y. havvea ricoauuss es: Ing ene,rt ahletnh,te y polaongddy i striobfut thei on 1I.nt hEea rBlryo nzAeg e rteheg ional prosdturcfatiyin (odtnsh muast erfoir asalu bsequentw ivloll ume) 47 48 J.BJu.t ler databbylc eo ntaecstpse ciwaiItclhey n tnroarlt,nh er andw estern Euroopcec a(sainofdnar atlhalefyri eld) wabs uiulpbt yt hper eswernitit envr a rious (ssteued ies ReefrecnesT)h.e r eliaotnbse twetehens et wo chronolsotgriucecasitl su n,re ceasrsialt yh,e mteob e 8.9 ". , disscsueidnt hper esweonrtkT .a blIei so fferiend advanocfte h dee tadiilsedc usisnoi rodtneopr r ovai de convenfireanmotefr eefrenfcoret hree ader. Int his wteah balvneeo att temtpotie tnde rpfriente i+s- � '-", deatilbu,t r athteopr r oviad ber oaodr ientation, ·'3 .: generatloai c zeendt ury-byys -ccaelnet.u r : .' Sicnec ompararteilvaedt aitviean rgneso tf,ot rh e " . mospta rpta,r ticcuolnatrrloyva ettr hsmeio amle nwte, havtea ktehnce h iietnfe rteosb tet hceo mparoifs on datibnyag rsc hoaleoagcli ocrarteilwointt hh osenoebdt ai byr ecewnotr okn d endrochroannodcl abolrgiayt ed 1C4. Phasnea meist ailzieicdnt htea bhlaev dee ndro­ ..:. .....) .. . ....::. ..., ..... " datipnlgasc tihniegn idcatpehda set hiienn i dcated .. . centuTrhyo.sm ea rkbeyda p lussi g(n+h )a voen eor morcea laitber1dC4 daticnegnst eirnit nhgce e nyt ur indic(aTtheedsi.tr a tirsatnigceasi shporweeavade ,r , centourmroyr ieen ithierredctTihooen t)hp,el craements int he tabloe na drecphelanoedgo iccoarlar teilons. All14C dateust ieldwi ezrcea blriatweidht the Fig.l .L ocatioofnF indN os 12-4( FinNdo ,3 ,' Drenthneo't, CalibrPartoigoronaf tm h Ger oninLgaebno raftoorr y mapped). IsotoRpeisce ar(cCh. LOa)v,a iloanbc loem puter diskeDtetteaw.ii llbsle g iviennal atseerc tion, provbiedteti senri gihnttt ohc eh araacntdee xrt eonft 3.T HEE ARLY ANDM IDDLBER ONZAEG E locbarlo npzreo ducTthieho ona.r adnsrd i cghrearv es GRAVESA NDH OARDSW lTHA MBER are,h erroa,fst p eciimpaolr tafnotcreh c eo ntacts thNeEyC KLACES demonstraotteh rewgerii tohnf sotr,h ees tablishment oft hceh ronoalnofdgo ytr,h ien sitghheptyr oviindteo 31.,I ntroduction thwea yo fl eio fft heel iotfet hste i me. ParItIw Ii ll wdiettahhl re i chLeartB ero nzAeg e Int hper oivn coefD rentthheei rasen otewosretrhiye s findssi milIantr hlceya .t aulionoggft hfei nidnPs a rIt ofE artlyoM iddBlroen zAeg en ecklfaicned s. The itnerprewtialbtleih oenlt dot hmei nimnuemc essarnye,c klaccoenss pirseotdm inanotfal myb ebre ads, resermvoirndege taicloemdm efnottr h ceo n1ucding occasiosnupapellmleyn tbeybd e aodfsfa ientciaenn, d synthwehsiicwshi lfolll otwh cea taloagnusdit nugd y sheberto n(zEex loerFmionnNddo ,.I )r,o cckr ystal oft hset rfaiyn ds, (EmmerdenFnienNndo, , 2 )a,n dg las(sE mmre­ Ing enetrhawelo rikbs a soendt hpee rsosntauoldf y compascFuiunmNd,o 7.) A,l tgoetheeirgn hetc klaces thoeb jeacnttdsh ediorcumentiantth mieuo sne uamnsd contnaeianr 2l00y a mbebre admso,r oer l esesq ually othceorl lections. diivdebde twetehgner anveec klaanctdeh sbe o hgo ards. Thee arloifet shte nseec klaicste hswe e ll-known Exloermboonghd o ard N(oF.li )nw,dh icihms o roer 2.C OMPARATIVCEH RONOLOG(Yc tfa.b ll)e lesosnt hbeo rdienrbele twewehna itsu ndersatso od EaralnyMd i ddBlreo nAzgeei nt hNee therlIantn hdes . A detacihlreodn ioacllfo rgrnaeworfkot rh per eshtiory MiddBlroen zAeg e thesreev emanar jeo nre cklace oft hNee therlwaanscd rse abtyeL da nti& nMgo ok findfsou:r ofunidtn umuglruasv( etswn oe aWre erdinge, (1797o)n t hbea soif1s4C datifnogtrsh ;Be ro nzAeg e onefor mt hEem merdenonneaent H, ij keann)dt here consicshtiienofgfgl rya mvoen umeanntsds e ttlemebnothg o ar(dEsm memrpcaoscuRuoms,nw kieleravnede n sitweist,h atshseoticerpid oa ttteyrpyae nsod t hfeirn ds.' Drenet)'h. Thisst rucitssu trivela llb iudht,a bse einm porveadt Iti sre amrkabtlheaa tl l mtahjeonr e cklfaicneod fs sompe oinbtyns e wedra tinbgyts h,ce a libriant itohnEe a ralnyMd i ddBlreo nAzgeea rfer otmh per ovince calenydeaaorrf ts h ceo nvent1Ci4 socnaaallne bd,y t he ofD rentahnedh, a vneo otc curirnte hdre e sotft he applicianot tihoaenrr e oafsd endrochronologcyo.u ntTrhyel. a rgaemsbte bre afdi nidnst hoet her A separcahtreo noolfro ighcyeg rr avaenshd oardsp,r oivnecsa rteh ofsreo gmr avaetZs w aagdNiojrkt,h BronAzgeem etaanlad m beirnt lNleet her(lIa)n ds 49 TablIeC .o mparatcihvreo nology. Cen- CentrEaulr ope North N.W. Nelhenrdlsa U.K .F.. IUry Europe IGenna yn B.e. MrTTL.U f MIV ZG.I V Gasteren+ L.B.(I) PENARD II: XI HaA2 Ffynhoan.un B.f.IIb M III ZG.I II Swalmen-H. M.B.B! B.fI.l a XII H.AI L.B. ----- -- SPATEHG!- M !VIII ZG.III Holsel M.B.B PENARD I: XIII D FROHE UF. APPLBEY: B.f.l: Rosnoen ---- -- lONGERE Mil ZG.II Weerdinge+ M.B.B B.m.II XIV C2 Hg .• Epe Asenkofen ---- MITfLERE Løve ZG.I Voorhout M.B.B ACTON PK2 XV Cl Hg ..G ag- genhofen B ALTERE MIB Sagel- Sagel- M.BA. ACTON PKI. XVI HG. . Wohlde Wohlde TREBOUL. A2c LOCHHAM B.m.! UWCQUAID f-- XVII A2b UlNCQUAID Sage-l Sagle- M.B.A WESSEX2+ Wohlde+ Wohlde+ (Carnerton, ArreIon) -- ----- Langqua+i d MIA. Tindsahl+ M.B.A VÆSSEX 2+ XVIII A2b GemeinIe- Virring barn 111+ Leubingen L.N.C Emmen EB.. WESSEX 1+ XIX A2a Pile axes Bush Bw .. WillerWb.y ---- ---- ----- Leubingen E.B. WESSEX 1+ XX Alb MigdaJe ---- r--- ----- Singen+. Wage- E.B. SLA drein+ XXI Aia Nitra+ ningen (SIW.a l- rick+) Holalnd( belFoiwn,Nd o 2. 4)w,i th sfmoaublrel a ds, FoNro rthwGeesrtm aBneyr,g ma(n1n9 7pp01.:3 7- andM andeirne astOevme rijwsistethlh ,r beeea ds 138L,i s1t5e3 K,a rt6e1l )i sotnsl y afmobuerfr i nds (FiNnod.1 5A)n.d o ft henseec kliancD erse ntfhiev,e wesotf t hWee seBru.to f t heOsseth aruderfKerh.n , are ftrhgoeme meeEnmtmeen i,nt hseo uthceoarsnte rL ee(rh Nios2. 3i)sa L atBero nzAeg eb ogh oaradn,d oft hper ovceiT.nh eE xolermofnidn sdo,m IeS k mt o Auri(chhNi os2. 4 i)as n u ndastterdfa iynT dh.al tev ae s thneo rtanhtd,h Hei jkgerna fvien sdo,m 3e0 k mt ot he onltyh tew of infdrso Kmr G.r afscDhiaefpth Oofl z. WNW,a roeu tliTehreds i.s triobfut hteifsoienn idss theVsoer,w ohTludmeu,l Bu,ss e condfaermyag lrea ve showinnf igu2r.e (Sprockh1o9f3fp0,p: 1. 9 7-2A0b2bS,.- IwOi)t 1h4 Simialmabref ri nadrsne o otn layb seinntt h ree osft mediume-dst iosz mablela ds,c eritsa Miindldyl e thNee therltahneadyrs ae:l so abseandjta cienn tBt rhoen Azgee t;h oet hGerra fscDhieapfhtof liznh del ists regions. isu np'suhbeladin dw eh avneo i nformaastt ioio tns DenmarSkc,h leswig-aHnodtl hseLt ieiinne burdga tionrcg o ntext. regihoanva er easontaolb alreng uem boefrE artloy No ti n Bergsml aiinsasntf 'i jnudes atos ftt hWee ser: MiddBlreo nAzgeea mber fasid nodeSsso, u Gtehr many;n eaBrre menw asf ounad n ecklwaictenh u merous butN oirnGt ehr mawneys otft hWee setrh eirasen ear ambebre adisna,M iddBlroen zAeg eb ogho a(rwd ith blannkod;ro w eh ave compfairniadnBbs el leig uamn d Radnawdieerls ,p iorrnaalm enettsc,f. r)o Smc hma­ northFerrna nce. lenbeKcrOk.,s ter(hBorlaznn d.tdp,.1. : 5 2N,oE .9 1). so J.BJu.t ler A recefnitni dnt haer ebae tweEelnba en Wd eseiras knewo fe igfhitn dcso,n taian tiontogaf 9l 2a mber ricfhe maglrea viena tumulautWs a hnbeKkr,. beadOsu.rD rentghreo huapas p proximtahsteae mley Ammerl(aEncdk e1r9t9,0w )h,i cyheil deeidg shmta ll numboefra mbebre adisng rafvien adnsdr, o ugahnl y discaomibde bre ad(sn onwei detrh aInO m m)T.h e equnaulm bearg aiinnt hbeo gh oaradc so:m parison gragvoeo adsl sionu cdleadb urwiiatladh o ubwlhee el­whicwhe s houhladr delxyp eccotn,s idtehrfeia ncgt headdp ei (ns imtiolb,au strm altlheartn h,We e erdinget­hatthL eU nebruerggi iosin no threers peicntfisn itely Kamperespcishni jnoe u Fri nNdo 4.) a,p aiorfr ibbedr ichteharDn r enthe. bralceetasn,ds h eberto ntzueb es. ForD enmarankd S chleswig-aH borloswtseei n, Thce losaemsbte r-rreiigocinhts h utshL eU neburgetrh routghpher eseanvtaliyl vaoblluemo efAs n earn d HeidIent. h aatr eLaa,u (x1 917p:. 4 8w,i tfhoo tnotesK)e rs(te17n93 1-986s)h owasc onsidenruambbloeefr Fig2..M iddBlreo nAzgeea mberneeklaces ina nda rouEnmdm en( S.DEr.e nthLee)­. gend•: =a mbenre ckl(afcienn udm ber as inc atalog•u =es)e;t tleAmnegnetlslo­ Emmerho*u =tw ;o ode'nt empoIfBe a'r ­ gerooste-rv=e Mlidd;d Blreo nAzgee trackwfaiyns;et iplrianigsb:eo dgc ;o arse stiplfienpnge :a Atd.a ptferdo Cma sparie (9184w)i,t ahd ditions. ---- .�. Fig3..1 roAng ea mbebera dsf rotmh beo gh oarodfN ieuw-Weer(dDirnegnetf hoeu)nw;di th brontzoer qaunedp aiorfb ronkzneo bbberda celSecatls12e.: . BronAzgeme etaan!ad m beirnt hNee ther(!Ia)n ds 51 ambefri nidPnse riIo-dIsMI oIs.tt lhybe e aadrsre ah te r formH olzhauKsrWe.in l,ed shau(sGeann d1e9r5t5,) . smaliltr; ei msa rkhaobwvl eerf ye w exatmhpelarerese Beadwsi tcho mparpaebrlafeot riooncscau lrsi onL a te int hefsien odftsh lea rgzeerbd-e saidssu cahso cciunr BronAzgeea sw elalsE arIlryo Ang ef inidnBs r itain: somoef o uDrr entfhien dasn,di no threerg ioofn s Lei.n t hheo arodfsB almasha(n2en xe.Br;e c&k Europe. Shenn1a9n9,p1 .2: 1 ,4 f1i.g2.P 0o1)t,t e(rne1ex. B;e ck Int his sweecp trieosnaec, na tt aloofgt uhmeea jor & Shenn1a99n1,p: p 1. 66-176,21,8f ig1..1 24a)n,d necklfaicne(dH se.rwe e o mifti ncdosn taionnilonyng e Holhyea(dT y Mawerx,B. e;5c & k S henn1a99n1,p: p . beaodra,s manlulm boefrb eaAd fse)wf. i nwdisto hn e 129,21,7f i1g.12 .3). ort woa mbebre adasr eh,o wevdeers,c rbiebeldo w Oneo ftNhiee uWwe-eridngbee ahdasas s tlialrlger (sect4i)ao sna rotfo thgerra avses emblia..ga eets ,p errfaoti(osnl igohvtacll.y,l 1xm1m3, b iconiinc al p ElpM,a ndeHri,j kZewna,a gdainjodkt hseirt es. form)t,hr ee asfoonr whniocth oibsAv til oeuaossn.te TheS ouhteaDsrte ntghreo uopfa mbenre cklacbee ad witlha rvpgeeerr yf ioornast,u cahs h ast he finmdussb tes eeang aitnhsbeta ckgrporuonvdi bdye d exceptsipoencaifrlmo emtn h eiNeuWwe-eridngheo ard, thuen uscuoanlc entorfaBotrnizoAeng ef inadnssd i teso ccuirns the LSacotBtert oinsAzhge e h oarfodrm inth nee gihbourohfoE omdm ena,tt hseo utheenrnod f Glenta(nPaera r1c79e9,p: . 1 52,f ig1.5: ;B ec&k theD rentshaen rdi dgteh,eH ondsrfuacgi,n tgh e Shenn1a99n1,p: .2 1,5 f1i:12g.1. ) BourtaMnogoetrroi tesa s(tcf fi.2g ).T. h eB ronAzgee Recernets ea(rvcadhne Sra nde1n99,0 h)a ssh own setmtelneotf A ngeol-sElmmheorute,x tneseilvy thaotn eo ft hbeo gb odiperse servtehdDe r ienn ts excavawtietdih,tn su mer1o0unshg o usaensdo ther MuseuAms,s eins, Borfo nAzgee d atTeh.e b ody timbbeuri nlgdasin di ts MainddLd alteBe r onAzgee concewmaefsdou nd1 i39n8a ,Et mrn eresrcfheidenveen, cemertieehsan,so yte bte epnu bslhiebdu;it st e emosn, gemeeEnmtmee nT.h eriesa r ece1n4dtCe rtmeination thbea si1sC4 doaft itnohg asv,be e eonc cupfireotdmh e (Gr1N4-5592,9 80±B3P5;2 -sigcmaal ibrraatnigoen Early BArgoeun nztteih elen odf t he Late Bron1z3e7 61A-00g1)ew, h icshu ggeads attsie n MiBdrdolneBz e (summavraynd eWra al&s B utl1e9r7,L6 a;n t&i ng ora tt hter ansMiitdidolne -BLraotnAezg ee a,l though Mook1,79 7)R.e lattehde riests ou retlhybe a rrowo nt hbea soifts h peo llaenna ly(sviaZsne is1t9,5a 5 ) cemetaenrduy rn fiestliuda tbeedt wetehnEe m mer­ LatBer onAzgeed athea db eeans sigPnoesds.iw bel y dennaennAd n gelslo ebxyBc uarvsacthe,d TIulm uhlauvshe e rteh ree maionfas n a cturaels idoeftn hte ofw hicyhi eltdheaedm benre ckldaecsec rbiebleodw Angeol-sElmmerhsoeuttt leHmee/nst(h.te h see xi s (sec3t.iFo3in,n Ndo 2.) A.I sfoor mt hEem merdenneunn certiasi,n )tt hhoeenn l,By r onAzgee b ogb ody iass mablrlo nhzoea rredf ertroae bdo vceo nsiosft inpgr esently reEcuorgonpHieiz.eso dr h eirsn t aotfe twoS candiinna/aNvorGtehr mapna lst,ap voeosr preservifasat frir moo ind ebaulft;ar gmenotfs c lothing castienvgisd ernetplryet siensngcr maept iaml port. preserwviettdhh eb odyh avlee nt thetmos elves Eastwfaorrmdt hAen gelsrlgoe-rBoaostaerrevae,cl odm pariswoint iht emosfc lothfirnogmt he thrMeied d1e BArgoetn rzaec kwianty hsbe o gh ave contempDoarnairtsyr he etcroufnfbkiu nr ials. beeined ntiiebfdyC aspa(1r89i4e1; 89 7t)w,ao tl eaosft Onp reseesntti matthneeu sm,e rous ghroauvsee s, them appparoeinntttliosyn o gu rces ofa nbdo g mioruonndu,srn b, u riaanlodst hseert tlemenftor mr emains yieledviindge fnopcrre e matausyr elett,i t ulned erstootdhB ea rgeroosatreer(avv eadlned Wr a al&s B utler, MiddBlreo nAzgee i ron-woLraktiBenr go.n Azgee 1796n)e erde prensoem notr teh atnh aec cumulated actiivssih tonywn ootn lbyyt hsee ttlaenmudern nftli des, remaoifnah s a mloerats manlulm boeffr ar mss,p read bubty t hsee rioefBs a rgeroosbtreornvhzeoela dr dso uotv e7r0 0y eaorrsm ore. Wat(e18r95bp:opl 5.k7 - (But1le69r0,) . 58h)a ssu gegsttehdat th emrues hta vbee esno mseo rt Wes houmledni to antl eaesnpt a sstahnIetr oAng e ofp owecre ntirnSe o tuheaDsrte ntwhhei cthe ndteod amber nebcrkolnatzcoeer ,qa unebd r aceolfte htbeso g attractg poroedTssht.eai mgbeen recklfaicned s provide hoarodfN iuewW-eeridng(eR emoucha1m29p5s),. suppfoorrts c tohnic eption. Thea mbebre adisnt hhiosa (rdf i3g)a. r e laanrodgf e flattgelnoebdus lhaarpM eo.sh ta vpee rfioornast aw ith 3.2O.r igoiftn h aem ber diameotfce .5r . t5o8 mm, thulsra gretarht ahne rt he perfioornaostfc .2 mm int hbee adosft hDer enthe 3.2.T1h.re a wm ateria! BronAzgee f inhdesr cea taloBgeuaeddws.i tthh e largpeerr afotriwoenr per esumaitbnelnyd teodb e Formerlays sounmteeh daa mtb ewra sa lwaiymspr oted , 'strnuonotgn a s trbiunotgn a m etnaelkc riansgi ,ts h e formt hDea niNsohr-tGhe rmaanr eian; reyceeanrts caswei tanh u mboefIrr oAng ef inidntsh Nee therlantdhse rebheaeisnn crieneagms phaosnti hsoe c curroefn ce anNdo rthwGeesrtm a(nByu t1l9e48r-,1 9W8i5l;h elmir,a w amabtve arr ipoluasc est ahNleoo rnStgeh ca o asts, 1799)A.l thotuhgehar rene o g raovreh oarnde cklacaen idn laalnodtn hgee l onggaetoeldo bgeilcetax,lt ending finfdrso tmh eD rentahree oar,e lsewhetrhee iansf aarsS ouRtuhs siinwa h,i c'hBl at'ai mcb er naturally Netherltahnacdtasb n,e d atteotd h Lea tBer onAzgee , occurs. thper acotfis cter inognioenr mg o raem bebre aodnsa Brong&e Wrosl te(r1i9n7pg8p 1.:04 -10e7m)p hasize bronnzeec krmianyagl rehaadvybe e guinnt hLea te thpeo ssiobfilloicpatrlyo cureomfreanawtm betrh:e re BronAzgee c:ft .h Neo rthwGeesrtm an PVe hroiaordd aroec curreanlcotenhsgNe o rtShe aco a(sets pecially 52 J.BJu.t ler ont heDo llaarnddt heF risiisalna Rnodtst uamn d No.l )a ndt woo ft heM iddBlreo nzAeg ef inds Amelaanndid)Tn e rtsiaat-yn adnsQd u atemmaorrya ine( RosnwkielerhvoeaernFd i,n Ndo .6 ,W eerdinge­ deposiinEt ass Gtr oninWgheent.h tehrae m beirn PaaschgbrearvgFe i,nN do .5 )a reel ontgeadt,u bular geologdieceadple lpyo swiotuslh da vbee eanc cseisbIeb eadTsh.e shea vpea ralnloetol nsl iyn D enmark, toB ronAzgeec olleicostp oertnsoq uestTihoesn e.a ­ GermanPyo,l aannddS otuhE nglabnudat,l saosf ar shoroec currewnocuelhsdo ,w evhearv,be e eena sy afiealsdM ycenaGeraene (cseeb ee louwn,d Feirn Ndo . pickiarnnbgesrc;o lleicsstt ipinoIgsI s ibtlhbeeeo anc hes1 ). ofthFer isiisalna( nWdast er&b Woaltke rb1o99l1k),. A square-sebcetaiidon tn heWede erdignrgaev e Whatveetrhseo urocfte hr ea mwa tersioamalem, b er (FinNdo .4 )h asa tl eatswtop aralilnse olust hem beadast1 eawsetr seh apientd h Nee therlTahniidsss . Germaansyw ,e lalsi nD enmaarnkdi n ag rafvien idn suggebsytt ehodec curroefan mcbeeb re aodfsu nusualG ree(cseeb ee louwn deFirn Ndo 4. ). formsi nt hVee ulweB elBle akgerro uopft hree gionalB eadwsi tthw op erforaitnti hocene sn tlrieka,e LatNee oli(tshesieec c t3i.o.2n2 ). buttoocnc,ui rnt hfei nfdrso Emx loermEomnmde,r ­ Locfaalb craitioofan m bebre aidtnsh Eea yrB lr onze denn(eFni Nnod2. ) a n'd Drent(hFei'Nn od.3 )T.h ey Ageh abse eant tesattae H di elrvsuCmu lutrse iatte armea tchienad M ycenafeiannfd r oSmp ath(esse e Velsen-StaNtoiroHtnohs lwle(agVn,od n 1s79,0 c;i ted belouwn,d Feirn Ndo .2 ). byB rong&e Wrosl ter1i79n8gf:,oo tno2t3e6f ;ot rh e A beaidnt hReo swinkelheorav(redFe inNn od.6 : 14C dationftgh siisst eete e Ann sch1e9r9,p0 p:7. 2 -73,N o5.)h abso talh e ngthawnaidcs reo ss-pweirsfeio orna.t fi.2g 2t:e rminaunstq eu emG:r N-5937412±0,3 5B P; Thiusn usfueaatlu irmsea tchoenad b eaidna J utIand termipnousqstu eGmr N-5937435,0 ±B3P5;2 -sigmaP eriIoImd a lien humagtriaoavntHe j erps(tAende& r calibrraatnigooefan v erabgeet wetehnte w o1:78 8- KerstVeIpn:. 1 ,8N o.29 1)6. 1864)D.i stinfcotrimavsre ne o rte cogniiznta hbilse Especcihaalrlayc tfeorrhtieDs uttiMcchi ddBlreo nze assemblage. Agef inadrste h bee aodfst fhorem u suadlelsyc raisb ed 'lfattebniecdo niLceao.lf h' e,x agosneaclt iTohni.s forms eemtsob ev errya rienD enmaIrtik .sn o etv en 3..22T.h feo rms mentioinnet dh seu mmya orfD aniBsrho nAzge e Iitos n teh itnosg h otwh aamtb erchoauvlbede efnou nd ambetry pbeysB eck(e9r15 4a)n;d i nt haev ailable locaalnlqdyu ,i atneo tthode erm onstthriaaatttc e t ualleyi gvhotl umoefAs n earn Kde rswteeh na vfeou nodn ly wasc olleacntwdeo dr kiendt hree giiontn h Ber onze onpeo ss(idbarnIaeg esdp)e ciImites hn,o. w evceurr,r ent Age. inM BAc onteixant rses ausca hst hLet inebHuerigdeer, Onem ighstu ppotsheai taf m bewra si mporitnetdo MecklenbSuirlgeT,sh iuar,i nagnidia nt, u mulBurs­ thNee therltahfneord mso ft hbee adasn dp endantosn zeAcgoen teixHnte ss sAelns,a acneSd o uGtehrm any woultde ntdob et hsea maes t hofsouen di no ther (forref eenrcseesue n dFeirn Ndo 2.) F.a rtahfeire iltd , regiobnusti, ft hmea terwiearlfe ou nda ndw orked occuirnast l eahsaftl d ao zefnind isnt h Ger eeBkr onze locatlhlfeyor ,m dse velompiegadhl tsb oel ocAa tlh.i rdA gea; ndn oto nliyn t heP elopon(eMsyec enae, possiboifcl oiutryis,ste h, aatm bemri ghhta vbee en Kakovabtuoatsl )sa osf aarf lidea sC reatneCd y prus. imporatsre adlw u mpasn,ld o cawlolryki endnt eoc klacTeh ed atveasr fyr oLmH I/LtMoLI HI II. componeInntt hsNe.e therlLaantNdees o,l iVtehli­c, Such' hxeagonaarlneso 'ct o mmoinnB ritaasti hne, uweB elBle akfeirn sdsu,ca hst hceu sh-isohnaVp­ed survoefBy e cakn Sdh enn(a19n91 h)a cs1 easrhloyw n. borebdu ttforno mV aassGeenl,d eralnadnt dh e Theisrh ap9eAs a nd9 B( thefiirg4 ..1 )a reh ere crescebnetaiodcr p endafnrto mN ieu-wMinIgIein, concem9eAdi .rse presbeyno tnelodyn Eea rBlryo nze Gelder(IBarnodn g& eWrosl ter1i79n8gp:,.1 50A fb. Agef inadno dn 'erp obaLbaltyBe r onAzgee 9'B;w, i th 61,t) hHe- shaVp-ebdo rbeudt tfornoB me ers-Gassseiflxi, n (d1sE BA,1 M BA,4 LBA,a ccordtiotn hge NorBtrha b(aVnetr we1r99s0p,:p 3.0 -13A,f b1.)6 a,n d authoirsds e)s craisb' erpdedo minaanL taltByer onze thheo rseshaopeep-des nhdafnrtosHm o utdoVrepledr, Aget ypeP'o.s sirbellye viastn htae m benre cklace Gelder(IBaunrds1 c39h3T,:a fV.I :3490,)o ,c casionahlolayfr rdo Smu steNaodr,f o(lBke c& kS henn1a99n1,: contaamibne bre adasn db uttoofnf so rmusn knownp p.1 0l, 1 37,2 07f,i g1s.13 ,1 .141:l; )t hfei nd-spot elsewhTehriiessn. o th,o wevtehrce,a sient hken own attrtiibioausnc cortdoti hnegas ute h oorpset noq uestion. findosft hEea ralnydM iddBlreo nAzgee . TheB ritaiusthh aosrssi 4g6on f t h5e4 b eadisnt his Litctalneo, fc ourbsees ,a iodfb eadwsh icahr e hoartdot heTiyrp 9eB T.h edya tieth esittaont thley peorrfatbeudot t herlweiifsntre a wu,n worskhead pesL.a tBer onAzgee b,y a nalowgiytB hr itainsdIh r ish Mosotfo uarm bebre adhsa vheo,w evbeere,sn h aped.fi ndosf t hapte riUondf.o rtuntahteieillrsyl t uration Smiplgel obulleanrs,- shoarbp iecdo nl fiocrams doenso ste rtvoep ermjiutd gmaesnt tow hethietrs predomiOnftaetnte h.be e adasr en ots ymmetricraels;e mbeli asin ncdeteotd h Lea tBer onAzgee f inds sometitmheecsya env ebnec all'elpdo- sidteoud s'e, citoerdw ,h ethietcr o ubledb rougihnttc oo nnection theex presesmipolno byyeH da rdi(n91g8 4p:p5 .7 -06, wiht ourC ontineMnitdadllB reo nzAeg ef inds. 68-140,3113-31)w itrhe sptoett chseimiMlyacre naeaAnd mittetdhllea yr,g beesatdi snt hSeu stefaindad r e beads. largtehrain sc ustomiantr hyMe i ddBlreo nAzgeeo n Int hEea rBlryo nAzgee E xloermhoonadr( dF indt heC ontinIennv ti.eo wf a ltlh eq uestion-marks, Brollze Aagnaedm bmeierltt lahNl ee thaenrd(ls/ ) 53 evaluaotft ihofinis nm du st aiwtfasui ltpl uebrl icatiaomnb.es rp ecifmoremna gravoeft hUen terbwlOilng Ofs peciitnaelr ientsh tci osn nechtoiwoenv,iets rh ,e gruop i nA ustrfiroatm,h Fer anzenhIac uesmeent ery '9A'f lattecnoendi-bcbeaialfd r oCmo 1cheEsstseerx,, ( Grab Ver5f9d5rN:be uungge bauer-M& aresch whicwha sfo unsdt utcoakM iddBlreo nAzgees hieldN­eugeba1u89e8r1-,89 9:pp .1 01-11,1 Ta4f).i s pattpearnl st(aDvaev i1e69s8B,;e c&k S henn1a99n1,: associwaithte dba ulb-heapdienwd i ht daigonal pp9.9 1,25 -153,f1i1.g.3.: T8h)e.ri es rneoa stooln a belp eraftoriTohni.ps it ny piets y pifcotarhl le a pshta osfe thibse aads b eiongtioan 'gW essetxy p(eD'a viest,h Eea rly Bronazneds hAoguebl,edc ontpeomrary 1968b)ui;tt wobueql udia tthe o me amoMnigd tdhlee witlhta eWre sse(xC amertaonndt) h,u wsi tthh e BronAzgee ' hexagoonnta hlCeso 'n ti(naeisnn td eedE xloermhoonadr d. recognaiizreedba ydS yc hmi&d Btu rge1s89s1,p :. Thatth aem ber bfeoramdt shE ea ralny dM iddle 12.1T )heC olchepsatlesrti asnv oet Aacnt oPna rk BronAzgee n ecklaicnDe rse ntahre-e d espite the produicbtte ;l onrgast,ht eotr h,ve a riwehtiyc thh e possibtihlhaiatt viee sbs eheowntn oe xistt hlfeoo cra l preswernitt er(o1n9c6:pe3 5. a 3t)e rm'eaEdsA tn gl'i.a np rocureomfre anwt am-bneerv erthaelollffe orsmss Witrhee frentcote h ispse cimSecnh,m i&d Btu rgessw hicahrw ei dsepreianEd u rope, tmeyno dpsi,n iionn , (198p1.1: 52 )h avcer eaat' eTdy pe Co1chestteowr e'i.ga hgW aei tnhsietd etah at wtehreaeyl o lrf otrh e wouldda tient o itnt he APcatropknha seb,ur ta thienr greaptaersrth apleodc ally. thseu cceeTdaiunngt pohna sweh;i cihdn eewdo uld Ift hey wneosrthe a pleodc awlhleyer,w erteh ey makiect o ntemaprwyoi rtthhD er entMhied dBlreo nze shapNeodt?a, sf aarst heev idence goes.,. i.n Denmark B ambenre cklaces. thouwgesh h oublerdai nm intdh aer gumoenfSth se nnan A 'hexagboenaasdli 'm itlota hrse p ecifmoremn (9182c;fB ec&k S henn1a9n9,p1 p:1. 90 -11,21 41t)h at Co1cheisstt helerra g eosftt h feou rb ead(sa ssitgon edt hMei ddBlreo nAzgeeD anepsr efetroer xepdo trhte ir Type 9E,& SBheecnkn 1a9n19,p: . 1 87;As hbeetae l .,a mbesro uthw(aprrde sumaebxlcyh afinongr e metals) 198p9p:4. 6 -4f7i,g4 3s- 4p4.6, 5 )fo,u n(da lownigt h rathtehrak ne eipta th omew,h erietw a st oeoa sily Deverel-Rpiomtbtuaernrymdy u ,c h oefli snet eraets to)b taintaohb alvee mvuaclhau spe r esgtoiogdeSs ni.c e the bootftt hoWemi losrfsdh atfhtu,i snW essex netahre arrene o c laifmonsra tuarmables ro uricnCee sn tral StonehTehnegW ei.lo srfdde poiswsie tld la tbeyd14 C Eurowpee , mucsotn titnoau ses u(maeis st raditional, (averoafogfueOr x Ad atceos:n vent3i2o15n±2a9B1 P; andi sre arfmfeibdy m osrte cecnotm mentatthoarts ) 2-sigcmaal ibrraatnig1oe5n -1 15040B C;H ousl&e y mosti,fn oatl olf,t hCee ntEruarlo peEaanr layn d Hedge1s89,9 p:p 6. 87-0)B.o tthh Ceo 1cheasntde rM iddBlreo nAzgeea mber was voibeatx acihnaendg e Wislfosrpde cimaerlnekis e ltyob e impforrottmsh e netwofrrkostm h eB altaincd /Noorr tShe ac oastal Contingeinvtteh,nae d mitrtaerdoi fttyfh orem i n Earlayr eSansic.me u cthh sea mtey poefsb e aodsc cfurro m andM iddBlreo nAzgee B ritaanidin t Cso ntinenttahNleo rtEhu roppelaanti osn o uthGerrne ewceem ,a y abundance. supptohstaeth e ew rere one coern tmiron(er bser oadly Ther icLhi inebHuerigdeer finFda lflrionmg bosspteealk tihnMegi )d dEluer opean wahriectahht eyi pne s (Lau1x9,7N 6o:8. 1 T,a f5.5 Bs)h owst thhheea xta gonawlesr per oduacnefrddo mw hitchhe wye rdesi serninated. weraei recaudrrye nitnt hSeo gel-Wohldet hpeh asTeh;eW eisne rro umtues itn,p artichualvbaeer e,an n Nethertlhaendydon s o atp peiantr h Eea rBlryo nAzgee importnaonrtt h-hsgiohuwtahby y w hicahm ber and Exloermondb uahtro pear reds,ie nn tt he Middlem eBtraowlneszr eee x chanbgeetdw eDeenn mka rand Agef inodfs Weienregd-Paasc(hbFeirnNgdo .5 ), Schleswig-tHhoeLl isitneeibnuH,re giedrree gion, Emmerden(nFeinNn od.2 )R,o snwkielder(vFeiennd H esseann,do threerg ioofnt sh Cee ntEruaorlp ean No.6 )a nHdi jken N(oF.9i )n.d Hiiggrealbku(sleteu rb uenldoewr NFoi.2n )d. Ambepre ndawnittasph ,e prhierpaelr forhaatvieo n,I itts h erewfoorrwtehh i tloe sciodnhe yrp othleyt,i cal beefnou nidtn h Eex loermaonnEddm merdehnonaernd sa sa na lternattodi ievrceit m pofrortmJ utloannt dh,e anda lso, for etxhaSemp palteh,e si-nO fliynmdp oosn hea nodr, laoccqauli saintmdia onnau cftuornte h e aireamdeyn tioanneddi ,nt heJ annepbeya hto ard othhearn tdh,a ttha em beirnt hDer entghrea vaensd (beluonwd Feirn Ndo .1 .) hoarcdasmi en deicrtvliyta,h M ei ddElueropceicaruni t. Threfei ndisn tNheet herl(aEnxdlso ermonWde, s hall wseec eo nwshiedbner rotnhtzehe aastl ,t hough Emmerden'nDerne,n' tc)ho en tbaeian(d ospr endantst?h)e wraes s omMei ddBlreo nAzgee m etalwtohrakt witohn ec entpreraoflr atainodan n otahtet rhe ed ge. arriivnte hdNe e therflraontmdh Sseo uStcha ndinavian Thesrece alaln,dh ypothemtaiycb aeil nls yo mwea y cultaurreeta h,e wraesm ucmho re thaftr octmah mee devreifd r otmh,re i ng-pecnodmamnoitnnes a staenrnd CentEruarlo paeraenIa tw. o ulndo bte s urpriisf ing northEeurnr opef or(xecafm.p,Gl eim,b ut1a9s6,p 5p:. amben�e cklcaacmeaesl ownigt thhb er onzes. 35-3a9l)t;h otuhgrehi -npgendaandtmsi ttheadvley Somwei deesapBdrr onAzgeea mbefror msa rneo t usuaall layr cgeenrt preaorlrf atAinodni .nf atct he two( sfoa ra,tl easrte)p reseinntt heeDd r entfhien ds. exampilnte hshe o arfrdo 'mD rendtohh ea'vc ee ntraAlm ong tahreets hee V -borbeudt townhsi,ca hr e perforastlgiihotnllsay r gtehrat nh pee riaplhh eorles.w idperseaidnt .h Lea tNee oliatnhidic nt heEa rly Gimburteagsa trhdresni g-pendwahnettsoh,fea r m ber BronAzgee a,n wdh ichw ealrrlee presaetln etaeisdnt oro thmeart eraisba eIiscn,hg a rascttfieorcr" itehaer lieDre nmaarnkdW esseIxti. sa lsnoo tewotrhtaththy e parotf tEhaer Blryo nAzgee B"u.a tr eceenxtclayv ateadm besrp acpelra twehsi cihnt hesiirm painedmr o re 54 J.BJu.t ler complveaxr iehtaivpeels a yseudca hni mporptaarintnt Alonogn es horetdegrae r teh rreoeu gphe rforawtiitobhnu sr,rT sh.e discusosvietorhnr ese latbieotnwseS eotnuhG ermany,o ppossihtoeer dtg iesi rregular. MycenaanedW, e ssehxa,vn eo ts,of aartl eabsete,n Paralalnedcl osn nec/Riefoenrse:nH caersd:i 1n8g94,:p p8.7 - 1043,113-1;3C larektae l 1.,89 5B;o uze1k89,5 B;e cke1r59,4 T.h e foundi nt hNee therlands. ambebre adHsa:r di1ng89,4: p p.5 8-6608,- 8A7n:e &r Kersten, Ins omoet haerre aamsb,eb re aadrsoe ftaesns ociat1e79d31 -986W;a terb&o lWka terbo1l99k1,H; a chman1n59,7 b: inn ecklwaictehs 'obfec aodislb'er do nwzieer .S uch Milocj,1e i95G5e;r lo1f79f5,. finhdasv e oncoctu rirnDe rde ntbhuett;h eirsoe ne l.T heI lIbaumlbaerbr e ad(sc f, Raolsswoi nkelehrovaeredn, FinNdo .6 ,a ndW eerdinge-PagarsacvhFebei,rn gNd o .5 )h avae exampolfae s ingcloei leedb -ewaiadrs sociwaittehd numbero fp aralilneD lesn maraknd S chleswig-H(oAlnse&tr e in foura mbebre adisna,g rave fMianndd ieanrTt w ente Kerst1e9n7,13 89-6N:o s4.6 6C2,5 3256,8 82,7 563,5 403A6,0 2D, (eastOevrne rij(sFsieNnlod).1 5). 37893B9,1 B9;R oschma1n9n6,3T :a f8.0 )F.i nNdo .3 789iBso f Noc onsennsouwes x iosntts h peo ssiobrIiego ifn s 'Sogel-Wodha1tdee;' otohfeP resr iIaoIard ne d e ven (3N5o4.0 A) theb eadosfo ther, meaxtoetrioicca class ionaflrloPmye riIoIdI . ' Tubulbaera odsc cur ianWl essos eCxu Itfuirnesd usc,ah sU pton assoecdiw aittthh aem beirnD rentthhefe:ai enacned LoveGl.I2 (eG erl1o79f5fN:,o . 2P7I2., 5W3iAm)b,o rnSeI G.i les tibne afdrso Emx loermtohnreod c,ck r ysbteaafldr om G,8( Gerl1o7f95fN:,o .2 81P,I 5.2 E= OaklDeoyw nH;a chmann, theE mmerdentnheegn l,a bsesa dfsr omE mmer­ 1597bA:b b2.: 5W)i,l sfGo.r5d0( aG erl1o79f5fp:,. 2 58A pp7.N o. compascAusut mh.e irsneo r eastoosn u ppotsheat ti n 2= Hachma'nLna kAeb'b 1.: 21 -336). Thet ububelaadrs a raeI spor eseantlt e aosctc asioinnat lhley orrocckr ystallo cwaealrvleay i liasnbo luet hDerrne nthe, CentrEuarlo peEaanr lByr onAzgee ( BurKkr,B. a utzCeonb:l enz, ort hfaaite nocre gwlearsleso camlalnuyaf ctuirnte h at 198G6:r a1b:3 p ,7 5A:b b1.: 61 4a)n di nt hTeu mulBurso nAzgee ; areiat,c eirst aitnhD ert heanntte hcek lfaicncedo sn tainWe lWse-yrau(c1h9 7i8l)l ustsroamteee xsa mplferso Hme ssen: elemewnhtisc mhu shta vbee einm porftreodam Giess(eWne ls-Weyr1a79u8cT:ha ,f9 .3 B), Frankfurt-Berkersheim considedriasbtlaeTn hcees .t ereotpyrpoevde nanc(Wee ls-Weyr1a9u7c8Th:a, f9 .8 A)U,r beraHciihs engeb(iWregles ­ Weyrau1c9h7,8T :a f9.8 B). attribouftf ioornmdsea ry -sf aienfcreo Emg ypvti a Beadosft his afroaerp mp arennotwtli yd espirneM aydc enaean Mycenaaned W essetxi;fn r oCm ornwa-lalr en o Greecbeuo,tc ciunrs omneu mbeirnts h ger afvien fdr otmh Sep athes longaecrc eepdt; bcuatn niotst a ibtdeh astas tfitaocry cemeteOrlyy,m podsa,t eLdH I1IB/1Ct3,h o r1 t2hc entury substteihsta uvbee edne monstSruactcheo dm.m enast s (Demakop1o9lo8u8p,:.1 73N o.8 6c olopuhro to). Thet rapeze-psehnadpaendt s, with singnlaer preorwf oration atthe wea raeb lteom akaer ien cdleuidnt h dei scubseslioown endh,a vae wholsee rioefds o sea naIog(ineols e stsh aeni ght oft hien ddiuvafili ncdosn cerned. examplienass )i ngrliecg hr aovfet hArern oricEaanr Blryo nze Age, founwdi toht hbeeard sa ndp endainntt shc ee ntcrhaalm boefrt he lartguem ulautKs e rnoneenPn l ouvoFrni,n is(tBerriea 1r79d0,; 3.3T.h ec ataelo ofgt uhger avaenshd o arwdist h 1894p:. 1 93,fi g. 184-5,8:-1 1)N.e ithBerri anroddr u G ard(i1n8 96: p.5 53c)o ulcdi tfeu rtahmeberr e xampilneF sr antcheo;u tghhe irse ambenre ckl(aFcieNnsod s 1 -9) asimilasrhlaypp eedn dainngt r eensftroontmeh t eu muloufCsa rnoet (Bria1r89d4,p: . 1 30f,i 8g6,) B.u tt heirsae n a mberbe ado fs imilar FINDN O.1 E.X LOERMOND,G EMEENTOED OORN,D REN­ foramI,t hoduamgahg eidn,t hWee ssegxr agvreo uopfW ilsfGo.r7d, THE:B OGH OARDW ITHA MBERT,I NF,A IENCEB,R ONZE Wiltsh(iArnen ab&l Sei mpso1n69,4 :p p4.4 9,8 N,o . 1T5h0i)s. (fi4g). Wilsfgorradvi esa ccordtioGn egr l(of17f95 a)f emaglrea voefh er Mapr feerenSchee:e t 17( BeEaislte n). Wilsfsoerrdi beusit;t s sp hergioclabedla dh abse ecni tbeydB arfield Si/Pee:abo tg neaErx loermo(nndom ordee taiilnefdo rmatio(n1 919p:p 1.0 31-05a)sr elattoae,nd pd r esumably conwtietmhp,o rary available). thgeo ld-boaumnbde bera df rotmh Sew issse ttlesmieatnteZt u rich­ Reefrenc(aeM)su :s eumveArsssle1al8gl81 ,3,, N o2.; ( bB)e c&k Mozartstarnadps rsees;u mteosd t efmr otmh Ree inecAk2e/6 lth Ston1e9,3 6p:p2 .2 12,4 3P,I 6.6 fi,g 1.: 1(;c v)a nG iff1e9n4,4 pa.: centulreyvt ehle re. 452f,i g4.3 ;( dG)l asber1g9e5n7p,:p .1 -2P,I . (eId);e L ae&t A singalmebe rp endaonfst i mifloarrmb ,um to rfei nes1hya ped Glasberg1e59n9,p: .1 52;( I)B utl1e9r6,9p :.5 5f,i 2g0.( 2nde1d79,9 , andw ell-polwiassfh oeudn,ad tH auwegrte,m eeWlelr/vee rshoof p.5 6f,i 2g7.) (:gv )a nH eemskDeirikk &e Fre li1x49,2 P:I 1.1 3(:h ) (betweHeono rna nMde demblNiokr.tH ho llaSnhde:e1 t4 EA,l kmaar, Waterb1o9l7kp7,:p 4 .2 -4P3I4,.2 (;i C)l arCkoew,i &e F oxo1n9,8 5: c.1 36.868/05a)2n 5di. sn owi nt hWee stfrMiuesse uHmo,o r(nfi g. pp.1 84,f i4g..8 p2.,3 1,N3 o.1 27. 4,i nseTth)e. bead asw uarsf faiceni dnd istugrrboeud(n wdh eirte Descriopfs/ iio/Nleoln: ae v ailable. coulndo th aveb eelno ngc,o nsideirtiesnx gc ellsetnatot fe eircums/ofaf lilnFcdoe:us n idnA pri1l8 81u,n de2rm eters ofp reservaptoisosniE)ba;lr yBl ryo nAzgee b,u atI smoe diveaf li nadrse peabty,a p eawto rkmaJno,h aLne utscohfEe xrl oermond. frotmh sea mtee rr(aiinnf ormfartoiTmo. vn a nd eWra lle-dvearn PreseorlvDlar:/e inMtuss eu(mf ormePrrloyv incMiuasaelu m Woude). vaDnr enthe); pfurrofcmih nadsIeeM rda y1 881; invuenndteorr ied2 .T hsee gmeflailellehldecae:dW shetherftahieebe nacdeos f the 1881N.1. EuropeEaanr Blryo nAzgeea riem pofrrtostm h eea stMeernd iterranean Descriopf// ihooebl jle c/s: regioonrp, l ausiobfll oyc al manuifnea acsttuearrnend w estern l.A mbebre ads paelnldda( l1le4/x s.o )n:eb eaidsy ellow, thEeu ropcea,n nporto fitabeb cloyn sidientr hecidos n teIixtls n.,od oubt, othelrisgb hrto wOnn.ebe adi sb arrel-sohtahpeaerrddse;i sc-shapesde nsitborl eeg atrhdbee a dsf ounidnt hLeo wC ountraisie msp orts too voiTdh.e icrr oss-siesgc etnieornoa vlaltlyo rounded-bicofrnoimtc haBeIr .i tisohr/i Arcsrnapnh eartel ,e ausntt pirlo voetnh erwise. Seveberaadlas r mea rkleyad s ymmetirnsi eccatlTi hoenp .e rforationsT hec oncentroafts ieognm entfeadi enbceea disn W essex arec ylindorrin ceaair clyyl indrTiwcoap Ie.n danatrset rapeze­(accortdoGi enrgl o1f79f5,p: p 2.2 3-2o2c5c,u rcrhiinegif nfl eym aIe shapetdw;oa rmeo roer l esrse ctangular. gravoefhse ft,.rl dbougrnreo uwph,i cshh dea tmeasi ntloWy e sseIxI , N.BR.e cenptulbyl isphheodt ogroaftphhifssi nsdh o1w3 o fthe uncerteaxitnelnyd iinntgo theB rMoindAzdgele e)a ,n dt oa lesser ambero bjectthmsei; s sibenagdi su naccoufnotre.d exteinntB ritt(aBnryi a1r89d4,:p p.1 4014-2)h,a vlee dt ot he 2.T in b(e2ae5dx s. s)i:lx o nrgo,u ghsleyg menottehde;sr hso rt assumptthiaottnhE ex loermbeoanddsa riem porftrsot mh Een glish andi rregiunsl haarp e. Channleilttaorreaal;t ibtneh aedw so ulpdo iinntt h sea mdei rection; 3.F aiebnceea d(s4e x.c)o:l ogurre enbilsuh(e o nmeo rbel uish asw oulpdo ssitbhlgeyr oovoegdi vdaalg gperro,b aobfBlryi ttiysphe thatnh oet herTsh)re.he a vteh rseeeg menotnseh; a fso usre gments,( thrreiev eftrsoS)mc huilin(gsseuoeno dreDdra tibenlgo wT)h.e o ne 4.B ronzreo.l lyg chyllillbderdai ( ccalla sMpa?d)e,f rom segmenftaeide benacdef ounidnD enma(rFkj allNeorrstlJehuv t,l and: approximraetcetlayns gturliasprhoebferto n(zoer igin1a2Ixml5my )c,, Becke1r59,4 h)a asl sboe erne garadseW de ssex-derived, Bro/AlgZeme e taanlad m beirnt hNeet herl(aIn)d s 55 OD Fig4..F inNdo . ExIl.o enn(oDnrde ntAhmebe)r.( dotfsa)i,e (nacrer otwis(n)T ,)b ,r on(zBe)A .ft eGrl asber(gderna wing vPa.ndC e.KrAa m.p ). Inseatm:be rbe adf roHma uwe(rNto rHtohl laSncda)l.Ie I: . Theo nloyt hfeari ebenacdek nowinnt hNee therliasfn rdosam Pltefrryo tmh sea mbea rrotwh,o utghhae c couonftt sh fei nadr e J settlesmietnoetf tHhiel vercsuulmt uatrV eo gelenzSaonugt,h .:;omewhcaotn fused. HollaIntwd a.s f ounodnt heex cavadtuimopna, J onwgi tahm ber / 3.T het iblela :dA s segmenttiebenda d froSmu ltVoenn ey, beads( vaHne erin1ge79n8p,:. 2 88q,u otingd eMR rasat.fh ,we i fe Wiltshwiarsie l,l ustbryCa otletd- H(o1a8r01e-8 121r,e pr1i9n7tp5 .: ofthfei ndseerae;l sGor oenman-Wvaaant eri1n69g6ebt,:e A nn scher, 130,P IX.I IA)c.c ordtioAn ngn ab&l Sei mps(o91n6 4N:o s4 64-466) 1990p:p 7.2 -7737,n; o tteh ree vi"seCdd a tGer,N 1-469324 70±60 thtei rena dn,o wl oswta,sf ountdo getwhietarhb ronazweal n db one BP,2 -sigcmaal ibrraatni1goe9n8 5 -6142). V- borbeudl tionna sp rimagrrya viena d isbca rrow. Thef aiebenacdei sb arrel-sahnadrp iebdbe( dI eng1t.h4c 5m ; Da/iElslpge:c itahIefl ayi ebenacdes s uggecsotn temporaneity thickn0e.sc5sm ;p efrorat0i.o3n3 -m0m.,a4 c cordtiovn agnH e­ witWhe sseIxI( BurgPehsassV eI IA:r reteotnc,I. nl) o.c taeln ntsh,i s eringeintr) e;s embslpeesc imfernosam b arroownC amG reis, woulbed c ontempowriatarhney a rlyo fphateSr otg eWlo-hldpeh ase. BoscreSjtaJ.nu ,si tnP enwiCtohr,n w(aHleln ek1e9n3,2p :.7 4f,i g. Thed isc-barrow oafstshSoeuc litaVotenin oesnye gnletnitbnee da d 21;p hotionA shbee, 19P6I10.8: : 3).b aTrhree l-sbheaapdesd woulbed c onsisttheenrte with. presumagbowl iyt thh see grnentfeadi ebnecaed asn dC ornisUhrn Thea mbebera dsa rper esumaebalrylt iheatrnh oosfet hoet her 56 J.BJu.t ler necklacea gnhrdoa avreidsnDs r entahste h,ce h aractlearridgsiets icc SchuilinggseomoeredZl,ul i/del aTruemnI.,I gIr,a voefP eri2o,id s andn attened-bfiocromansrin eco patrl e sientn htEe x loermfoinndd . perhaa1pssaoW esseexx poorftth sea mpeh asbeu;hta asc onventional Thet rapeze-asmhbearpp eedn daanrtdesa tabbylr ee ferteont chee "Cd atoef3 450±(4G5r N-67B5u3tCl;Le arn,t i&n vga dn eWra als, ArmoricTaunm ulgursa voef Kemonen-Pwliotuihvt oesmi ,g ht 1972p:p 2.3 0-12;23- sigcmaal ibrraatnigo1en8 81668-4)w,h ich examplTehisls.a visfWuym iswhaerdr igorra'cvsoe ntaian1e0dn,g sidea ntedtahtWeee ss seIxII 4 dCa tperse seanvtaliyl absleec t(1ico.f,n1. ) typicAarlmloyr iEcaarnlB yr onAzgee f umitausrw ee lalsv arious asd oest hec alibrdaattfeeod Vr o gelenzwiatnthgh ese gmented linwkist Whe sse(xc f. Ge1r9l7oe5fs:fp p,..9 7)aw, h eel-hepaidne d faiebenacde( 9158-4126). oftheea rliest Centvraarli (eETtuyyrpS oepp eeyaeKnru b;a ch, 1977:F ur/hceorm melTZhleBs r:i tish(-tthyopueg h atypically large) pp1.3 31-42e,s pp..1 43,N o.1 03-7w)h,i cbehg inisnt hLeo chham basal-Isopoepaerdha elasfdoo uinndt hpee aatEt x loermond (Butler, (EarTluym ulupsh)a saer ;e laptieindsi nt hSeo gel-Wophelrdieo d­1693ap:.9 9f,i 2g8.b p,.1 09N,o .4) s houbledl ocnhgr onologically hoarodfW ildeshaKursO.el nd,eb nu rignN orthwGeesrtm a(nsye e toB urgeGsrso uIpX r athtehrat noG rouVpI Ia,n dw oultdh uhsa ve undeFri nNdo .1 2). noc onnecwtiitothnh heo ard. Thet hree-rigvreotoevdoe gdi vdaalg gefrr omA nnertol, o �Jj� �::� .�. �.'l' ". �-'' 2 �� 1 • • @ • • FigS..F i nNdo .2 .E mmerden(nDerne ntThuem)u,l IusoI fB urscIhA..l a lm be2r.R; o cckr ys3t-a4lP.;o tteSrcya.1l :eT2 u.m ulpulsa rne -drawn aftBeurr sch.