Instructions to Authors Nomenclature Guidelines for 2000 INDEX 1999 VOLUMES 126-128 : BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY Journal of Pharmacology welcomes contributions in all fields of experimental pharmacology including biochemical, cellular and molecular pharmacology. The Board of Editors represents a wide range of and ensures that well-presented work is published as promptly as possible, consistent with maintaining the quality of the journal Edited for the British Pharmacological Society by D.A. Brown ( Chairman ) P.K. Moore Managing Editor Editorial Board A. Gibson London A. Nistri Trieste, Ital H. Giles Stevenage J.M. Palacios Barcelona, Spain P.J. Goadsby London R. Patacchini Florence, Ital W.H. Griffith College Station M.N. Perkins St Laurent, Canada USA M. Perretti London H.L. Haas Dusseldorf, German F. Plane Calgary, Canada I.P. Hall Nottingham .. Powell Oxford \. Harmar Edinburgh N.J. Pyne Glasgow D.J. Heal Nottingham R. Quirion Verdun, Canada I-J Helwig Strashourg, France \.G. Ramage London P. Holzer Graz, Austria D.D. Rees Godmanchester Hoyer Basle, Switzerland I.M. Richards Kalamazoo, USA Hutson Harlow P.J. Roberts Bristol Illes Leipzig, German) D.F. Rogers London \. Insel La Jolla, USA A.G. Rossi Edinburgh ¢ iW. John Castres, Franc U.T. Rtiegg Lausanne, Switzerland M. Elizabeth Kelly Bradford R R. i l King of Prussia, USA C. Kennedy Glasgow T. Sa London 1.C. Kilpatrick Nottingham N. Shankley London B.F. King London Karen Shaw London I. Kitchen Guildford E. Shibata Jowa Citv, USA Nitteringnam f er] Nu Simmons VeEwcdstle R.Z. Kozlowski Oxford F. Sinigagha Milan, Ital M.G. Lacey Birmingham P.G. Skett Glasgow J.D.C. Lambert Aarhus, Denmark S. Clare Stanford Londo: R.J. Lang Clayton, Australia J.-C. Stoclet ///kirche, France S. Lazareno London C. Szabo Boston, USA R.A.J. Lefebvre Ghent, Belgium C.R. Triggle Calgary, Canada J. Llenas Barcelona, Spain R.H. Tukey La Jolla, USA M.R. MacLean Glasgo P.J.T. Vallance London F. Marceau Quehec Cit) mada \. Varro Szeged, Hungar\ K.F. Martin London \gnes Vegh Szeged, Hungar) I. McFadzean London Cherry L. Wainwright) Glasgou A. Michel Cambridge r.D. Warner London M.C. Michel Essen, Germany M.L. Watson Bath G. Milligan Glasgow R.E. Widdop) Clayton, Australia J.A. Mitchell London K.I. Willams Bath P.K. Moore London V.G. Wilson Nottingham N.G. Morgan Keel S. Wonnacott Bath M.T. Nelson Burlington, USA H. Nilsson farhus, Denmark of manuscripts: Manuscripts (three copies) should be sent to The Editorial Office, British Journal of BPS Office, 16 Angel Gate, 326 City Road, London EC!IV 2SG consult the Instructions to Authors and the Nomenclature Guidelines for Authors in Vol. 129, 214-225. essential requirements is summarised in each issue of the journal, usually as the last page of the issue. by the publishers and editorial committee to see that no inaccurate or misleading data. opinion or statement appears in this Pharmacological Society wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisements the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, the British Pharmacological Society, the publishers and the e employees, officers and agents accept no lability whatsoever for the consequences of any such inaccurate or British Journal of Pharmacology Instructions to Authors Nomenclature Guidelines for Authors Index to Volumes 126, 127 and 128 Author Index Subject Index The British Journal of Pharmacology is published by Nature Publishing Subscriptions — Outside the USA Group. a division of Macmillan Publishers Ltd. It is the official Orders must be accompanied by remittance. Cheques should be made publication of the British Pharmacological Society payable to Macmillan Journals Subscriptions Ltd and sent to: The Scope The British Journal of Pharmacology publishes 3 volumes of 8 Subscription Department, Nature Publishing Group, Houndmills, Basing- issues per year and is published twice a month. It welcomes contributions stoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, UK. Where appropriate, subscribers may in all fields of experimental pharmacology including neuroscience, make payments into UK Post Office Giro Account No: 519 2455. Full biochemical, cellular and molecular pharmacology. The Board of Editors details must accompany the payment represents a wide range of expertise and ensures that well-presented work Subscriptions — USA is published as promptly as possible, consistent with maintaining the USA subscribers can call toll free: | 800 747 3187. Please send check/money overall quality of the journal. order/credit card details to: The Subscription Department. Nature This journal is covered by Current Contents, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, Publishing Group, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, UK BIOSIS, Elsevier Biobase/Current Awareness in Biological Sciences. Prices are set in UK Sterling. Dollar prices are converted from UK Sterling CINAHL and Index Medicus at the current exchange rate. Accordingly, your credit card charge may vary Editorial Manuscripts (plus three original copies) and all editorial slightly from the Dollar rate shown. To obtain the exact Dollar rate shown, correspondence should be sent to: The Editorial Office, British Journal please remit by check. All prices, specifications and details are subject to of Pharmacology, BPS Office, 16 Angel Gate, 326 City Road, London change without prior notification ECIV 2SG, UK. Tel: +44 207417 0432; Fax: +44 2077417 0430. British Journal of Pharmacology (ISSN 0007 —1188) is published twice a Advertisements Enquiries concerning advertisements should be addres .ed month by Nature Publishing Group, c/o Mercury Airfreight International to: Robert Sloan, Advertisement Manager, 84 Arnos Grove, Southgate, Ltd. 365 Blair Road, Avenel, NJ 07001, USA. Subscription price for London N14 7AR, UK. Tel: +44 208882 7199; Fax: +44 208882 7299 institutions is $1664 per annum (surface). Periodicals postage is paid at Rahway NJ. Postmaster: send address corrections to British Journal of Publisher All business correspondence, supplement enquiries and_ re- Pharmacology, Nature Publishing Group, c/o Mercury Airfreight Inter- print requests should be addressed to British Journal of Pharmacology, national Ltd, 365 Blair Road, Avenel, NJ 07001 Nature Publishing Group, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, UK. Tel: +441256 329242; Fax 44 1256 810526. Publishing Reprints of any article in this journal are available from Nature Publishing Manager: Sue Deeley. Production Controller: Jane Torr Group, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG2! 6XS, UK. Tel: 44 1256 329242: Fax: +44 1256 810526 WWW The British Journal of Pharmacology is on the internet at http://www.brjpharmacol.org Copyright =© 2000 Macmillan Publishers Ltd The journals’ home pages contain a range of information free to all ISSN 0007-1188 readers. This includes: Editors’ Details, Aims and Scope, Instructions to All rights of reproduction are reserved in respect of all papers, articles, Authors, Subscription Prices, Reprint Ordering, Sample Copy Ordering illustrations, etc., published in this journal in all countries of the world and News, together with the contact names of our Publishing, Production, Marketing and Advertising Departments. All material published in this journal is protected by copyright, which covers Readers can view Tables of Contents and Abstracts to all articles since 1997. exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the material. No material Register now to have the Tables of Contents sent to you as each issue is published in this journal may be reproduced or stored on microfilm or in published. Subscribers to the 2000 on-line version of the journal have access electronic, optical or magnetic form without the written authorisation of the to PDF and HTML files with the full text of all articles published since 1997 Publisher Subscriptions — 2000 Subscription Rates — British Journal of Pharmacolog) Authorisation to photocopy items for internal or personal use of specific Institutional Subscriptions Print (Hard Copy); EU £960, Rest of World clients, is granted by Nature Publishing Group for libraries and other users (surface mail) £1060/US$1664, Rest of World (airmail) £1272/US$1997. registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transaction Reporting Service. provided that the base fee of $15.00 per copy is paid Electronic — Online only £960/US$1507. directly to CCC, 21 Congress St., Salem, MA 01970, USA. 0007 — 1188/00 Combined — Electronic Online & Print EU £1056, Rest of World (surface $15.00 + $0.00 x mail) £1166/US$1831, Rest of World (airmail) £1378/US$2164. Personal Subscriptions (USA only) Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Print (Hard Copy) surface mail $295; air mail $628 Patent Act 1988, this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted, Electronic - Online only $295 in any form or by any means, only with the prior permission in writing of the Combined — Electronic Online & Print publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with Surface mail $325; airmail $384 the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. British Journal of Pharmacology (2000) 129, 3-10 20 Macmillan Publishers Ltd INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS With effect from | January 2000 The British Journal of Pharmacology welcomes contributions in Methods all fields of experimental pharmacology, including neuro- Results science, biochemical, cellular and molecular pharmacology, for Discussion and conclusions publication as full papers or as high priority Special Reports Acknowledgements Papers should normally be based on new results obtained 8. List of references experimentally and should constitute a significant contribu- 9. Tables tion to pharmacological knowledge. Papers which reassess 10. Legends pharmacological concepts based on earlier results will also be 11. Figures considered as will purely theoretical papers. Papers dealing The type must not be smaller than 12 pit only with descriptions of methods are acceptable if new Each section must be typed in double spa cing with principles are involved. not less than 2.5 cm all round and each page sl Contributions that have already been published, or accepted bered. The original plus two copies of the types cript should be or are under consideration for publication, with essentially supplied. the same content will not be considered. This restriction does not apply to results published as abstracts of communications letters to editors, or as contributions to symposia, provided Titie page that the submission adds significantly to the information The title should normally contain no more than 150 charac- available in the previously published contribution. ters. It should clearly indicate the subject matter of the paper Papers are only accepted if accompanied by a Declaration and any statements contained therein should be justif \ which must be signed by all Authors. This Declaration con- results presented in the paper \ short running title contain cerns the originality of the submitted paper and assigns the not more than 50 characters and spaces is also required. The copyright of all papers accepted for publication to Macmillan title page should include t ames of authors and I Publishers Ltd. on behalf of the British Pharmacological appropriate addresses. It should be made clear whi Society. See pages 7 and 8 for details. relates to which author Authors’ present addresses difl The Journal will not consider papers which describe experi- from those at which the work was carried out should | ments on animals which do not fall clearly within the current laws as footnotes on the title page and references at the app! governing animal experimentation in the United Kingdom. place in the author list by superscript number Authors must make it clear that the procedures they use were may also be used to indicate the author to whom as humane as possible and the doses (initial and subsequent) of dence should be sent. The use of footnotes anaesthetics and analgesics should be clearly stated: the reason is not allowed. If the address to which method of assessing anaesthesia, particularly after the ad- sent is not that of the first mentioned author, clear ministration of skeletal muscle relaxants (neuromuscular should be given in a covering note and not on blocking drugs), must be well defined. The Society has an The title page should be paginated as page of the| Ethics Committee which can be consulted by authors through the Managing Editor to the Editorial Board. When investigations on normal human subjects are Summary reported, evidence of approval by a local Ethics Committee The summary will be printed at the beginning of the paper. It must be given. Papers concerned with clinical trials on in- must not exceed 250 words and should be intelligible to the non- vestigations of the effects of drugs on patients are not appro- specialist reader and suitable for direct transposition by ab- priate for this Journal. stracting services. It should contain a brief account of the Authors are strongly urged to keep their manuscripts as question addressed in the paper, the principal methods and short as they reasonably can. An effective way is to reduce the results, and the main conclusion(s). and should be arranged in Discussion and the number of figures to a minimum and to numbered and concise paragraphs. Abbreviations and symbols avoid repetition of information that has already been published should be explained in brackets on first use — for example, Authors should remember that a reader may be influenced by bradykinin (BK). References should be avoided where possible: literary style and will appreciate simple but accurate prose. if considered absolutely necessary, they should include prin- It is important to note that failure to comply with ‘Instruc- cipal author, year, journal abbreviation and volume and page tions to Authors’ may lead to considerable editorial delays. numbers, for example (Fenwick e7 a/., 1982: J. Physiol., 331, 599 — 635; Takahashi & Momiyama, 1993: Nature, 366, 156 Manuscripts should be submitted to: 158). Keywords. Up to ten keywords or phrases of two to three British Journal of Pharmacology words (including names and terms used in the title) should be Editorial Office displayed at the end of the summary. Keywords will be used to 16 Angel Gate, 326 City Road, London ECIV 2SG compile the annual index. The quality of the index will thus be Tel: 207 417 0432 Fax: 207 417 0430. determined by the appropriateness of the keywords. These may be selected by reference to the most recent Index of the Journal. Avoid unhelpful or unqualified terms such as ‘rat’, ‘drug’ ete FULL PAPERS Abbreviations. An alphabetical list of non-standard abbrevia- Manuscripts must be typed on one side of US Letter or A4 tions should be provided at this point — for example HUVEC, paper. Words at the end of lines should not be divided because human umbilical vein endothelial cell; VSMC, vascular smooth they may become incorrectly hyphenated. Handwritten char- muscle cells. (The full name plus abbreviation should also be acters or symbols (e.g. Greek letters) should be spelled out in used in the text on first mention.) full in the margin. Papers in recent issues of the British Journal of Pharmacology should be consulted for the general layout of the paper and also for details. The following subsections are Introduction used: The introduction should give a short and clear account of the 1. Title page background of the problem and the rationale of the investi- 2. Summary gation. Only previous work that has a direct bearing on the 3. Introduction present problem should be cited. Instructions to Authors Methods The reference list at the end of the manuscript must be The methods must be described in sufficient detail to allow the arranged alphabetically according to the surname of the first experiments to be interpreted and repeated by the reader. author. When the surnames of first authors are identical, the However, detailed repetition of methods which have been alphabetical order of the surnames of subsequent authors takes adequately described previously should be avoided and precedence over the year of publication. The AUTHORS’ names references given, although a brief outline is often helpful. are followed by the year of publication in brackets. If more Drugs should be listed in a separate paragraph. Their names than one paper by the same authors in one year are cited, a, b, should be ‘approved names’ as published previously in c, etc. are placed after the year of publication, both in the text British Approval Names, 1990 (HMSO). If a drug has no and in the list of references. The title of the article is given in ‘approved name’ its chemical name must be used and the full, followed by the abbreviated title of the periodical, volume rules set out in the current Handbook for Chemical Society number and first and last page numbers. The abbreviations {uthors (London, Chemical Society) observed, or its struc- used for periodicals are those of the most recent edition of the tural formula given. Cumbersome chemical names should be International List of Periodical Titlke Word Abbreviations. suitably abbreviated for later reference in the paper. References to articles in books should consist of names of The doses of drugs should be Qg iven as unit weight per authors, year of publication, title of article followed by the sit/e body weight. e.g. mmol kg ' or mg kg concentrations of the book, the editors, volume number, if any, and page should be given in terms of molarity, e.g. nM or UM. numbers, the piace of publication and the names of the pub- Reference should be made to any statistical analyses that lishers. For example: have been performed on the results in order, for example, to BOLTON. T.B. & KITAMURA. K. (1983). Evidence that ionic determine the significance of differences between results channels associated with the muscarinic receptor of smooth obtained under different conditions. muscle may admit calcium. Br. J. Pharmacol., 78, 405—416. BRADING. A.F. (1981). Ionic distribution and mechanisms of transmembrane ion movements in smooth muscle. In Smooth Results Muscle: An Assessment of Current Knowledge. ed. Biilbring, The description of the experimental results should be succinct E., Brading, A.F., Jones, A.W. & Tomita, T. pp. 65-92. but, nevertheless, in sufficient detail to allow the experiments London: Edward Arnold. to be repeated by others. Typical single experiments may be presented with a clear statement that 7 number of similar experiments had similar results. Where appropriate, however, Tables the mean results with confidence limits or with standard Each table should be given on a separate page, paginated as part errors of the means and the number of observations should of the paper. Tables should be numbered consecutively with be given. Statistical tests of significance should be performed arabic numerals and the number should be followed by a brief where appropriate. The results of such tests should be stated descriptive caption, occupying not more than two lines, at the as the numerical value of the probability (P) that is cal- head of the table. The proportions of the text area should be culated. with any necessary clarification (e.g. one-tail or two- borne in mind when designing the layout of tables. For the sake tail test). of clarity, tables should not have more than 120 characters to a Every effort should be made to avoid unnecessary repetition line, with spaces between columns counted as four characters. of data in the text, tables and figures. Conclusions and theo- The absolute maximum is 180 characters to a line. Each column retical considerations should not be elaborated in this section. should have a heading and the units of measurement should be given in parentheses in the heading. Except in special cir- cumstances, tables should be self-explanatory: the necessary Discussion descriptions should be at the bottom of the table. The purpose of the discussion is to present a brief and pertinent interpretation of the results against the background of existing knowledge. Any assumptions on which conclusions are based Figures must be stated clearly. A mere recapitulation of the results is To avoid unnecessary Figures, particularly those requiring not acceptable. A review-like treatment, which reduces the half-tone reproduction, only critical points of the text should impact on the reader, should also be avoided. The main con- be illustrated. If coloured Figures are desired, the Authors clusion should be conveyed in a final paragraph. should discuss their requirements with the Managing Editor, preferably before submission. Please note that unsatisfactory Figures will be returned to Acknowledgements the Author for revision. The Journal reserves the right to Acknowledgements should be brief but should include refer- reject a manuscript if the Figures are unacceptable. ence to sources of support. Sources of drugs not widely available commerically should be acknowledged. Submission Requirements (a) The Author’s names and the Figure number must be in- References dicated lightly in pencil on the back of each Figure; if In the text, references to other work should take the form: necessary, use an adhesive label to avoid damage to the (Bolton & Kitamura, 1983) or, ‘Bolton & Kitamura (1983) Figure. showed that .. If there are more than two authors, the Each copy of the manuscript must be accompanied by one first author’s name should be given followed by er al. set of labelled Figures (i.e. complete with lettering and (Bilbring er a/., 1981). numbering, arrows, etc.). An original set and one high References to ‘unpublished observations’ or ‘personal com- quality photocopy will suffice. munications’ should be mentioned in the text only, and not No submitted Figure should exceed 210 x 297 mm (A4). included in the list of references. Papers which have been sub- Each Figure must be accompanied by a legend; each legend mitted and accepted for publication, should be inciuded in the should be typed on a separate sheet of paper and paginated list of references with the names of the periodicals and ‘in as part of the manuscript. Legends should explain the press’. A photocopy must be submitted with the manuscript. If Figures in sufficient detail that, whenever possible, they can this is not possible, authors should indicate whether the work be understood without reference to the text. cited is an abstract or a full paper. Papers in preparation or The explanation of the symbols and column headings should which have been submitted but not yet finally accepted for pub- be given as a key in the Figure itself and not in the Figure lication must not be included in the list of references. legend. Instructions to Authors Figure will reduce Line width Line width to this percentage (axes) (graphs) of £ the original size (No reduction) yale) A00 ADO ADO ANDO (e) Figure legends/captions should include consistent corre- ready copy), with suitable contrast enabling them to be lations to terminology or nomenclature that has been used scanned directly into a printable format. They should be pre- on the labelling of the figures. pared to conform with the style and convention of the journal as redrawing is expensive and processing time is extended. Journal style for lettering on figures is plain sans serif Illustrations typeface (Univers). Most figures will be reduced in size for reproduction, final type size is generally 8pt (after reduction). All illustrations will be scanned electronically for inclusion in the Artwork may be submitted up to twice the intended size in the journal, therefore care should be taken when preparing artwork journal (see Figure 1). for publication. Subsection figure parts (a, b, etc.) should be labelled in bold Any illustrations that have been prepared on a computer may lower case (Spt. Univers bold) to match figure labelling be submitted in electronic form, but to ensure optimum quality It is important that the printed symbols and lines should please follow these guidelines and submit the material as: retain their clarity. To achieve this the following points should 1. Macintosh files prepared to the correct size (max width be considered: 80 mm single column or up to 160 mm double coloumn) in 1. Lines should not be too thin to reproduce after reduction Adobe Photoshop and supplied as a TIFF file. to on-page size (see Table 1) Other formats which can be accepted are open files (not The symbols used for plotting data points should be large EPS’s), of Adobe Illustrator or Macromedia Freehand. enough to show up clearly when reduced to on-page size. IBM/PC TIFF (files in graphic format only NOT docu- The symbols used for plotting data points should not be ment). too similar, please use different mix of symbols (including Minimum resolution for scanned graphics to be 300 dpi for open symbols if data points are closely spaced). tone work and 600 dpi for line work. If any figures have to Symbols should be chosen from the following set if be produced in colour, save as CMYK and NOT RGB. possible If the artwork has been created to the correct size the J@OBAAVVO Ot x. labelling placed around the illustration should be 8pt Lettering labelling should not be too small after reduction Univers. If an illustration has been created to a larger size When graphs are generated by computer, lines must not than that stated, the labelling should be set to the correct show noticeable stepping. percentage for reduction at page make-up. Some shading may not reproduce after reduction. Please Preferred media for delivery: CD-Rom, Optical 600 mb or make shading as ‘coarse’ as possible. The preferred order 1.3 gb (5.25), Syquest 88 mb or 230 mb (5.25”), Macin- to shading of histogram columns is: open (clear), closed tosh and PC 3.5” floppy disks (up to 1.44 mb) or 5.25” (up (solid). cross-hatched (lines one way), heavily stippled, and to 1.2 mb). other (if required) The disk must be clearly marked with journal author/manu- The explanation of the symbols and column headings should script number, file name and programme used and accompany be given as a key in the Figure itself and not in the Figure legend. the manuscript to which it refers, and include printed copies of Line Figures should normally have only left and bottom axes; the illustration for identification. All illustrations will be reduced box-style Figures and those using 3-dimensions are not acceptable. to fit single column width wherever possible. Amendments to the Where the Figure is a composite of more than one graph, illustration may be made to conform to journal style. experimental record, etc., particular care is needed to minimise Any illustrations containing blots from gels, histochemical the spaces between each part. without overcrowding the entire stains or pen traces, that have been prepared via a computer Figure. programme cannot be reproduced from a laser printout, as Figure | illustrates a simple properly-drawn graph in its this creates a cross-hatched pattern. Such material must be original form (a) and in its reduced form (b) as it would appear submitted on disk as above, unless unscanned continuous tone in the Journal (single column width). originals are supplied. Amendments to the illustrations may be made to conform to the journal style (ie: labelling). Photographs and photomicrographs Line Figures These should be submitted, twice as large as their intended published size. as good quality prints of high contrast Unless submitted electronically (as above) line illustrations especially where traces and records are illustrated. The should be presented as clear black and white artwork (camera originals must not contain arrows, lettering or numbering; Instructions to Authors —A— DRUG 1 —@— DRUG 2 —Tj- DRUG 3 —-x—- DRUG 4 (Tmegn)s ion ee | | 100 150 Methylene r) E c ° wcn” Poa Methylene Figure 1 (a) Artwork as drawn. (b) Artwork reduced to 60 per cent of its original size for publication in the Journal to fit in single column width. these must be accurately located on a duplicate print matches the disc version exactly. If the disc version varies (or photocopy). When submitting half-tone illustrations to the manuscript, the manuscript version will be used. for publication authors should remember that it is not possible The disc is text only, excluding tables, figures or graphics files. to reproduce Figures to a finer quality than the original Discs should be 3.5” (90 mm). photographs/photomicrographs provided. Critical areas The preferred programme is Wordperfect 5.1 (DOS). should be marked on a second copy or on an overlay, so that Acceptable alternatives are — Wordperfect for Windows the Printer can choose the correct exposure. Maximum trim (saved as 5.1); Microsoft Word for Mac; ASCII. areas should be marked on a second copy of the photograph Tables should be provided in hard copy form as conver- photomicrograph or on a tracing overlay, i.e. authors should sion usually makes re-keying and tagging necessary. show any parts of the photographs that could be excluded Illustrations/graphics — see previous notes. from the finished half-tone illustration. A CALIBRATION Non ASCII characters (greek, maths symbols, foreign BAR MUST BE PROVIDED ON THE PHOTO- accents etc.) should be coded in text eg: <x > and the full MICROGRAPH to ensure that, if the Printer reduces the key of these codes placed in a separate file (.splextension) plate, the scale is reduced in the correct proportion. eg: “<x> represents maths symbol chi squared’. This will enable a rapid and full search and replace. Submitting manuscripts on disc Avoid using sub-directories/folders for these files, keep Manuscripts, once accepted for publication may be presented them at the top directory level. on disc, as long as they meet the following criteria: DO NOT include automatic pagination. Manuscript pages 1. The manuscript on disc must be the final version. should be numbered by hand on the hard copy version. 2. A double spaced hard copy accompanies the disc and DO NOT use compression. Instructions to Authors Follow journal style for capitalisation, references etc. send a copy of their Declaration with their manuscript fol- Use endnotes, NOT footnotes. lowing the example given in this section. Use double line space between paragraphs, NOT first line Manuscripts will not be accepted for publication unless the indent. Declaration is signed and submitted . DO NOT use double line space between items in lists or references. Statement . All discs are labelled clearly with journal/author/manu- 1. Submission of a manuscript will be taken to imply that the script no./file name and programme used. Authors have obtained permission to publish from (a) Please ask the Publisher for further details if necessary, their employers or institution, if they have a contractual o1 before submitting material on disc. We do not guarantee that moral obligation to do so, and (b) those whose un- the disc will be used or that it will expedite publication, how- published work including papers accepted for publication ever we will ensure that all manuscripts will be handled by the (1.e. in press), has been cited or those whom the Authors most expedient method. wish to acknowledge as having improved the content or presentation of the manuscript Proofs The Authors must declare that the manuscript contents are One set of page proofs will be supplied, which should be original and that they have not already been published or corrected immediately and returned to the Publisher and a accepted for publication, either in whole or in part, in any photocopy retained by the author. Corrections should be kept form other than as an abstract or other preliminary to a minimum. publication in an unreferreed article. Furthermore, the Authors must verify that no part of the manuscript Is SPECIAL REPORTS under consideration for publication elsewhere and it wil 1I not be submitted elsewhere if accepted by t Journal of Pharmacology and not before a decision The purpose of Special Reports is to provide rapid publication been reached by the Editorial Board for new and important results which the Editorial Board considers are likely to be of special pharmacological sig- Declaration nificance. Special Reports will have publication priority over all other material and so authors are asked to consider carefully I/We assign to Macmillan Publishers Ltd.. on behalf of the the status of their work before submission, and to state briefly British Pharmacological Society. the copyright of my out in the covering letter why they believe their work deserves manuscript, currently entitled priority publication. : M In order to speed publication there is normally no revision 1 Journal of Pharmace allowed beyond very minor typographical or grammatical corrections. If significant revision is required, the Board may Furthermore I/We have read, understood and accepted the either invite rapid re-submission or, more probably, propose terms and conditions as set out in Statement and Copyright. that it be re-written as a Full Paper and be re-submitted for Instructions to Authors Br. J. Pharmacol. 2000, 129, 3— 10 consideration. In order to reduce delays, proofs of Special Reports will be sent to authors but essential corrections must Name reach the Publisher within 48 hours of receipt. Authors should ensure that their submitted material conforms exactly to the Signed following requirements. Special Reports must occupy no more than four printed pages Name in the Journal. Two copies of each manuscript should be pro- vided. One copy should be prepared double spaced according to Signed instructions for full papers. The second copy should be prepared ina two-column format as follows. Text (divided into Summary, Name Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowl- edgements and References, maximum of 20, all sub-headings in Signed bold) should be justified and in Times New Roman (9 pt). Col- umns should measure no more than 83 mm (width) and 250 mm (length). The Title (18 pt bold), Authors (12 pt bold) and their Affiliation (9 pt) should spread across both columns. The Summary (9 pt) should measure 140 mm (width) and should not Copyright exceed 150 words. Within this format there is no limitation to the 1. The Authors must agree that, when the above manu- number of illustrations (Figures and Tables, with legends) al- script has been accepted for publication in this Journal, lowed. Authors must supply illustrations which are appro- the worldwide copyright shall pass to the Macmillan priately sized for direct inclusion in the Journal. These should be Publishers Ltd. on behalf of the British Pharmacological either 80 mm width (including axis labelling) to fit single column Society, on the understanding that the assignment of or 160 mm width (including axis labelling) to fit double column. copyright will not affect subsisting Patent Rights ar- Authors must ensure that sufficient space is left in the body of the rangements pertaining to it. The Authors also accept text for these illustrations with their associated legends. All let- that, when accepted, the contents will not be published tering in Figures should be in plain sans serif typeface (Univers, 8 subsequently in the same or similar form in any lan- pt). Please note that the complete manuscript (including text, guage without the consent of the Publisher or Editorial Figures and Tables prepared as above) must not exceed the four Board of the Journal. printed page maximum. Manuscripts which do not conform to This Agreement shall not compromise the Authors’ these requirements may be returned to authors for amendment rights to reproduce their own work (see 3 below). For without review. its part, the British Pharmacological Society will protect the interest of Authors in the matter of copyright. STATEMENT AND COPYRIGHT AGREEMENT The Authors must declare that, where excerpts from copyrighted works have been included, the Authors have The following Statement, Declaration and Copyright Agree- obtained written permission from the Copyright owners ment should be read carefully by Authors who should then and have credited the sources in the manuscript. They must Instructions to Authors also warrant that the article contains no libellous or un- Multiplier Prefix Symbol lawful statements and does not infringe the rights of others. 10° kilo k The Authors will be entitled to publish any part of the 10° mega M paper in connection with any other work by them, pro- 10” igi G vided adequate acknowledgement is given. 10! r ¥ If it is appropriate. the Authors’ employer may sign this Declaration in addition to all authors. It is understood Thus, micron = um; angstrom = 0.1 nm. Mixed prefixes are not that proprietary rights, with the exceptions of Copyright permissible, thus m pg should be ng. The symbols d (10~') and and Patent Rights are reserved by the signee. c (10°) should be restricted to those occasions on which there [fan Author is a U.S. Government employee and the work is a strongly felt need for them (e.g. cm). was done in that capacity, the assignment applies only to the extent allowed by U.S. law. If an Author is an em- ployee of the British Government, HMSO will grant a SYMBOLS non-exclusive licence to publish the paper in the Journal, provided British Crown Copyright and user rights (in- Symbols denoting physical quantities are usually printed as cluding Patent Rights) are reserved. italic capitals (indicated by single underline in typescript). A dash over the symbols indicates a mean value: a dot over the When submitting a manuscript for editorial consideration, symbol indicates a time derivative. Suffixes may be used to Authors should confirm their acceptance of these terms by indicate ‘where’ and ‘what’. They are printed as inferiors on signing a Declaration to that effect. The recommended that line. Multiple suffixes should be avoided if a simpler wording is given in the example. No paper will be accepted symbol adequately defined is unambiguous, but if necessary for publication without such a Declaration being signed by should be separated by commas e.g. Pa. co, denotes partial each Author. If the manuscript is not accepted for pub- pressure of CO, alveolar air. lication, the assignment will be null and void. CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ABBREVIATIONS Authors should also consult Nomenclature Guidelines for ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS Authors contained in this issue of the Journal. The abbrevia- tions listed may be used without definition except those for Physico-chemical quantities chemicals, drugs and enzymes which must be written in full at first mention in the title, summary and again in the text. At The British Journal of Pharmacology uses the SI symbols for first mention they should be followed by the abbreviation in units. The following prefixed for multiples of units should be brackets. Subsequently, the abbreviation alone may be used. used: The list of abbreviations for chemical, drug and enzyme names is clearly not comprehensive and includes only a few Multiplies Prefix Symbol commonly used examples. 10 deci d Use abbreviations sparingly as extensive use can make the 10 centi " text hard to follow. 10-3 milli 10‘ micro 1Q7 nano Use of solidus Cham pico 10 femto The solidus should be avoided as far as possible and the negative Lo" atto index substituted, e.g. mgkg ' rather than mg/kg; Continued on top of next column) pmol mm ?, min. ' rather than pmol/mm?/?m in.. Physico-chemical quantities Quantity Preferred unit Symbol Amount (of substance) mole mol Capacitance farad F Concentration moles per litre M or mol 1’ l Current ampere A Electrical conductance siemens S Electromotive force volt V Flow (blood or other liquid) litres per second Ca | min’! (or min) Flow (air or other gas) liters per second S25 0F | min’! (or min) Force newton Frequency of regular event hertz Length metre Mass gram g Power watt W Pressure (or partial pressure) pascal* Pa Radioactivity becquerel or curie Bq (60 d.p.m.) or Gi (3.7 x 10" Ba)