British MlolUiaars) me)| Pharmacology —— ~ International coverage of all aspects of pharmacology Inatractions to Authors - Nomenclature Guidelines for 1999 | INDEX 1998 VOLUMES 123-125 BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY The British Journal of Pharmacology welcomes contributions in all fields of experimental pharmacology including neuroscience, biochemical, cellular and molecular pharmacology. The Board of Editors represents a wide range of expertise and ensures that well-presented work is published as promptly as possible, consistent with maintaining the overall quality of the journal. Edited for the British Pharmacological Society by D.A. Brown (Chairman) P.K. Moore (Managing Editor) Editorial Board P.I. Aaronson London J.P. Gallagher Galveston, USA M.C. Michel Essen, Germany C.J. Bailey Birmingham P. Geppetti Ferrara, Italy G. Milligan Glasgow D. Beech Leeds A. Gibson London J.A. Mitchell London L. Belardinelli Gainesville, USA M.A. Giembycz London P.K. Moore London Maria G. Belvisi Dagenham W.R. Giles Calgary, Canada H. Nilsson Aarhus, Denmark T.P. Blackburn Harlow R.G. Goldie Nedlands, Australia M.N. Perkins St Laurent, Canada M.R. Boarder Leicester R.J. Griffiths Groton, USA M. Perretti London N.G. Bowery Birmingham H.L. Haas Dusseldorf, Germany T. Powell Oxford W.C. Bowman Glasgow Judith M. H all Guildford N.J. Pyne Glasgow M.R. Brann San Diego, USA A. Harmar Edinburgh A.G. Ramage London H.R. Brenner Basle, Switzerland D.W.P. Hay King of Prussia, USA D.D. Rees London O.E. Brodde Halle, Germany D.J. Heal Nottingham I.M. Richards Kalamazoo, USA D.P. Brooks King of Prussia, USA P.G. Hellewell Sheffield P.J. Roberts Bristol Julia C. Buckingham London K. Hillier Southampton D.F. Rogers London H. Bult Antwerp, Belgium P. Holzer Graz, Austria A.G. Rossi Edinburgh N.W. Bunnett San Francisco, USA D. Hoyer Basle, Switzerland U.T. Riiegg Lausanne, Switzerland R. Busse Frankfurt, Germany P. Hutson Harlow R.R. Ruffolo King of Prussia, USA S.P. Butcher Stockholm, Sweden P. Illes Leipzig, Germany T. Salt London R.A.J. Challiss Leicester PA. Insel La Jolla, USA N. Shankley London M.J. Curtis London G.W. John Castres, France Karen Shaw London A.P. Davenport Cambridge E.J. Johns Birmingham E. Shibata Jowa City, USA A. Dickenson London R.S.G. Jones Bristol N.L. Simmons Newcastle P. D’Orleans-Juste Sherbrooke, M. Elizabeth Kelly Bradford P.G. Skett Glasgow Canada P.A.T. Kelly ' Edinburgh S. Clare Stanford London S. Douglas King of Prussia, USA C. Kennedy Glasgow J.-C. Stoclet J/lkirche, France L. Edvinsson Lund, Sweden .C. Kilpatri ck Nottingham C. Szabo Cincinnati, USA G. Edwards Manchester I. Kitchen Guildford P.J.T. Vallance London R.M. Eglen Palo Alto, USA N.R. Kitteri ngham Liverpool Agnes Véegh Szeged, Hungary J.V. Esplugues Valencia, Spain R.Z. Kozlowski Oxford T.J. Verbeuren Suresnes, France R. Flower London J.D.C. Lambert Aarhus, Denmark R.R. Vollmer Pittsburgh, USA K.C.F. Fone Nottingham R.J. Lang Clayton, Australia Cherry L. Wainwright Glasgow A.P.D.W. Ford Palo Alto, USA S. Lazareno London T.D. Warner London A.W. Ford-Hutchinson West R.A.J. Lefebvre Ghent, Belgium J. Westwick Bath Point, USA J. Llenas Barcelona, Spain R.E. Widdop Clayton, Australia J.C. Foreman London I. McFadzean London K.I. Williams Bath A.C. Foster San Diego, USA K.F. Martin London V.G. Wilson Nottingham B.B. Fredholm Stockholm, Sweden A. Michel Cambridge S. Wonnacott Bath Submission of manuscripts: Manuscripts (three copies) should be sent to The Editorial Office, British Journal of Pharmacology, BPS Office, 16 Angel Gate, London ECIV 2SG. Authors should consult the Instructions to Authors and the Nomenclature Guidelines for Authors in Vol. 126, 379-390. These Instructions and Guidelines also appear with the journal Index for Volumes 123-125, 1998. A checklist of the essential requirements is summarised in each issue of the journal, or as the last page of the issue. Whilst every effort is made by the publishers and editorial committee to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement appears in this Journal, they and the British Pharmacological Society wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisements herein are the responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, the British Pharmacological Society, the publishers and the editorial committee and their respective employees, officers and agents accept no liability whatsoever for the consequences of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement. British Journal of Pharmacology Instructions to Authors Nomenclature Guidelines for Authors Index to Volumes 123, 124 and 125 Author Index Subject Index The British Journal of Pharmacology is published by Stockton Press, a Hampshire RG21 6XS, UK. Where appropriate, subscribers may make division of Macmillan Press Ltd. It is the official publication of the British payments into UK Post Office Giro Account No: 519 2455. Full details Pharmacological Society. must accompany the payment. Scope The British Journal of Pharmacology publishes 3 volumes of 8 Subscriptions - USA issues per year and is published twice a month. It welcomes contributions USA subscribers can call toll free: 1 800 747 3187. Please send check in all fields of experimental pharmacology including neuroscience, money order/credit card details to: The Subscription Department, biochemical, cellular and molecular pharmacology. The Board of Editors Macmillan Press Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, represents a wide range of expertise and ensures that well-presented work UK. is published as promptly as possible, consistent with maintaining the Prices are set in UK Sterling. Dollar prices are converted from UK Sterling overall quality of the journal. at the current exchange rate. Accordingly, your credit card charge may This journal is covered by Current Contents, Excerpta Medica, BIOSIS, vary slightly from the Dollar rate shown. To obtain the exact Dollar rate CABS, CINAHL and Index Medicus. shown, please remit by check. All prices, specifications and details are subject to change without prior notification. Editorial Manuscripts (plus three original copies) and all editorial correspondence should be sent to: The Editorial Office, British Journal British Journal of Pharmacology (ISSN 0007-1188) is published twice a oEfC IPVh ar2mSaGc,o lUoKg.y , TelB: PS+ 4O4f f(ic0e),1 71 164 1A7n g0e4l3 1/G2a/3t;e , Fa3x2:6 C+i4t4y (0R)o1a7d1, 41L7o n0d4o30n. m36o5n th Blabiyr MaRcomaidl,l an AvPerneesls, LtdN,J c/o0 70M0e1r,c urUyS AA.i rfreSiugbhstc riIpnttieornn atioprniacle Ltfdo,r institutions is $1505 per annum (surface). Periodicals postage is paid at Advertisements Enquiries concerning advertisements should be addressed Rahway NJ. Postmaster: send address corrections to British Journal of to: Robert Sloan, Advertisement Manager, 84 Arnos Grove, Southgate, Pharmacology, Macmillan Press Ltd, c/o Mercury Airfreight International London N14 7AR, UK. Tel: +44 (0)181 882 7199; Fax: +44 (0)181 882 Lid, 365 Blair Road, Avenel, NJ 07001. 7299. Reprints of any article in this journal are available from Stockton Press, Publisher All business correspondence, supplement enquiries and re- Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1256 print requests should be addressed to British Journal of Pharmacology, 329242; Fax: +44 (0)1256 810526. Stockton Press, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1256 329242; Fax: +44 (0)1256 810526. Publisher: Sue Copyright © 1999 Stockton Press Deeley. Production Controller: Jane Torr. ISSN 0007-1188 WWW The British Journal of Pharmacology is on the internet at: All rights of reproduction are reserved in respect of all papers, articles, http://www.stockton-press.co.uk illustrations, etc., published in this journal in all countries of the world. All information on the website is free and includes: editor’s details, scope, All material published in this journal is protected by copyright, which covers latest table of contents, paper abstracts, subscription prices, reprint exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the material. No material ordering, sample copy ordering, news, supplement information, contact names in publishing, production, marketing and advertising departments. published in this journal may be reproduced or stored on microfilm or in Register now to have the table of contents sent to you as soon as they are electronic, optical or magnetic form without the written authorisation of the Publisher. updated. Subscriptions -- 1999 Subscription Rates — British Journal of Pharmacology Authorisation to photocopy items for internal or personal use of specific Institutional Subscriptions Print (Hard Copy); EU £890, Rest of World clients, is granted by Stockton Press for libraries and other users registered (surface mail) £985/US$1625, Rest of World (airmail) £1182/US$1950. with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transaction Reporting Service, Electronic — Online only £890/US$1469. provided that the base fee of $12.00 per copy is paid directly to CCC, 21 Congress St., Salem, MA 01970, USA. 0007 — 1188/99 $12.00 + $0.00. Combined — Electronic Online & Print EU £979, Rest of World (surface mail) £1084/US$1789, Rest of World (airmail) £1281/US$2114. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Subscriptions — Outside the USA Patent Act 1988, this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted, Orders must be accompanied by remittance. Cheques should be made in any form or by any means, only with the prior permission in writing of the payable to Macmillan Journals Subscriptions Ltd and sent to: The publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with Subscription Department, Macmillan Press Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Typeset by Elite Typesetting Techniques, Eastleigh, Hants Printed on acid free paper, effective with Volume 114, Issue 1, 1995 Printed and bound by Unwin Brothers Ltd., The Gresham Press, Old Woking, Surrey British Journal of Pharmacology (1999) 126, 3-10 © 1999 Stockton Press All rights reserved 0007 -1 188/99 $12.00 ~~ INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS With effect from | January 1999 The British Journal of Pharmacology welcomes contributions in Methods all fields of experimental pharmacology, including neuro- Results science, biochemical, cellular and molecular pharmacology, for Discussion and conclusions publication as full papers or as high priority Special Reports. Acknowledgements Papers should normally be based on new results obtained . List of references experimentally and should constitute a significant contribu- . Tables tion to pharmacological knowledge. Papers which reassess 10. Legends pharmacological concepts based on earlier results will also be 11. Figures considered as will purely theoretical papers. Papers dealing The type must not be smaller than 12 pitch or 10 point. only with descriptions of methods are acceptable if new Each section must be typed in double spacing with margins of principles are involved. not less than 2.5 cm all round and each page should be num- Contributions that have already been published, or accepted bered. The original plus two copies of the typescript should be or are under consideration for publication, with essentially supplied. the same content will not be considered. This restriction does not apply to results published as abstracts of communications, letters to editors, or as contributions to symposia, provided Title page that the submission adds significantly to the information The title should normally contain no more than 150 charac- available in the previously published contribution. ters. It should clearly indicate the subject matter of the paper Papers are only accepted if accompanied by a Declaration and any statements contained therein should be justified by the which must be signed by all Authors. This Declaration con- results presented in the paper. A short running title containing cerns the originality of the submitted paper and assigns the not more than 50 characters and spaces is also required. The copyright of all papers accepted for publication to Stockton title page should include the names of authors and their Press Ltd. on behalf of the British Pharmacological Society. appropriate addresses. It should be made clear which address See pages 7 and 8 for details. relates to which author. Authors’ present addresses differing The Journal will not consider papers which describe experi- from those at which the work was carried out should be given ments on animals which do not fall clearly within the current laws as footnotes on the title page and references at the appropriate governing animal experimentation in the United Kingdom. place in the author list by superscript numbers. A footnote Authors must make it clear that the procedures they use were may also be used to indicate the author to whom correspon- as humane as possible and the doses (initial and subsequent) of dence should be sent. The use of footnotes for any other anaesthetics and analgesics should be clearly stated; the reason is not allowed. If the address to which proofs should be method of assessing anaesthesia, particularly after the ad- sent is not that of the first mentioned author, clear instructions ministration of skeletal muscle relaxants (neuromuscular should be given in a covering note and not on the title page. blocking drugs), must be well defined. The Society has an The title page should be paginated as page | of the paper. Ethics Committee which can be consulted by authors through the Managing Editor to the Editorial Board. When investigations on normal human subjects are Summary reported, evidence of approval by a local Ethics Committee The summary will be printed at the beginning of the paper. It must be given. Papers concerned with clinical trials on in- must not exceed 250 words and should be intelligible to the non- vestigations of the effects of drugs on patients are not appro- specialist reader and suitable for direct transposition by ab- priate for this Journal. stracting services. It should contain a brief account of the Authors are strongly urged to keep their manuscripts as question addressed in the paper, the principal methods and short as they reasonably can. An effective way is to reduce the results, and the main conclusion(s), and should be arranged in Discussion and the number of figures to a minimum and to numbered and concise paragraphs. Abbreviations and symbols avoid repetition of information that has already been published. should be explained in brackets on first use — for example, Authors should remember that a reader may be influenced by bradykinin (BK). References should be avoided where possible; literary style and will appreciate simple but accurate prose. if considered absolutely necessary, they should include prin- It is important to note that failure to comply with ‘Instruc- cipal author, year, journal abbreviation and volume and page tions to Authors’ may lead to considerable editorial delays. numbers, for example (Fenwick et al., 1982: J. Physiol., 331, 599-635; Takahashi & Momiyama, 1993: Nature, 366, 156— Manuscripts should be submitted to: 158). Keywords. Up to ten keywords or phrases of two to three British Journal of Pharmacology words (including names and terms used in the title) should be Editorial Office displayed at the end of the summary. Keywords will be used to 16 Angel Gate, 326 City Road, London EC1V 2SG compile the annual index. The quality of the index will thus be Tel: (0) 171 417 0432 Fax: (0) 171 417 0430. determined by the appropriateness of the keywords. These may be selected by reference to the most recent Index of the Journal. Avoid unhelpful or unqualified terms such as ‘rat’, ‘drug’ etc. FULL PAPERS Abbreviations. An alphabetical list of non-standard abbrevia- Manuscripts must be typed on one side of US Letter or A4 tions should be provided at this point — for example HUVEC, paper. Words at the end of lines should not be divided because human umbilical vein endothelial cell; VSMC, vascular smooth they may become incorrectly hyphenated. Handwritten char- muscle cells. (The full name plus abbreviation should also be acters or symbols (e.g. Greek letters) should be spelled out in used in the text on first mention.) full in the margin. Papers in recent issues of the British Journal of Pharmacology should be consulted for the general layout of the paper and also for details. The following subsections are Introduction used: The introduction should give a short and clear account of the 1. Title page background of the problem and the rationale of the investi- 2. Summary gation. Only previous work that has a direct bearing on the 3. Introduction present problem should be cited. 4 Instructions to Authors Methods The reference list at the end of the manuscript must be The methods must be described in sufficient detail to allow the arranged alphabetically according to the surname of the first experiments to be interpreted and repeated by the reader. author. When the surnames of first authors are identical, the However, detailed repetition of methods which have been alphabetical order of the surnames of subsequent authors takes adequately described previously should be avoided and precedence over the year of publication. The AUTHORS’ names references given, although a brief outline is often helpful. are followed by the year of publication in brackets. If more Drugs should be listed in a separate paragraph. Their names than one paper by the same authors in one year are cited, a, b, should be ‘approved names’ as published previously in c, etc. are placed after the year of publication, both in the text British Approval Names, 1990 (HMSO). If a drug has no and in the list of references. The title of the article is given in ‘approved name’ its chemical name must be used and the full, followed by the abbreviated title of the periodical, volume rules set out in the current Handbook for Chemical Society number and first and last page numbers. The abbreviations Authors (London, Chemical Society) observed, or its struc- used for periodicals are those of the most recent edition of the tural formula given. Cumbersome chemical names should be International List of Periodical Title Word Abbreviations. suitably abbreviated for later reference in the paper. References to articles in books should consist of names of The doses of drugs should be given as unit weight per authors, year of publication, title of article followed by the title body weight, e.g. mmol kg~' or mg kg~'; concentrations of the book, the editors, volume number, if any, and page should be given in terms of molarity, e.g. nM or mM. numbers, the place of publication and the names of the pub- Reference should be made to any statistical analyses that lishers. For example: have been performed on the results in order, for example, to BOLTON, T.B. & KITAMURA, K. (1983). Evidence that ionic determine the significance of differences between results channels associated with the muscarinic receptor of smooth obtained under different conditions. muscle may admit calcium. Br. J. Pharmacol., 78, 405-416. BRADING, A.F. (1981). Ionic distribution and mechanisms of transmembrane ion movements in smooth muscle. In Smooth Results Muscle: An Assessment of Current Knowledge. ed. Biilbring, The description of the experimental results should be succinct E., Brading, A.F., Jones, A.W. & Tomita, T. pp. 65-92. but, nevertheless, in sufficient detail to allow the experiments London: Edward Arnold. to be repeated by others. Typical single experiments may be presented with a clear statement that nm number of similar experiments had similar results. Where appropriate, however, Tables the mean results with confidence limits or with standard Each table should be given on a separate page, paginated as part errors of the means and the number of observations should of the paper. Tables should be numbered consecutively with be given. Statistical tests of significance should be performed arabic numerals and the number should be followed by a brief where appropriate. The results of such tests should be stated descriptive caption, occupying not more than two lines, at the as the numerical value of the probability (P) that is cal- head of the table. The proportions of the text area should be culated, with any necessary clarification (e.g. one-tail or two- borne in mind when designing the layout oft ables. For the sake tail test). of clarity, tables should not have more than 120 characters to a Every effort should be made to avoid unnecessary repetition line, with spaces between columns counted as four characters. of data in the text, tables and figures. Conclusions and theo- The absolute maximum is 180 characters to a line. Each column retical considerations should not be elaborated in this section. should have a heading and the units of measurement should be given in parentheses in the heading. Except in special cir- cumstances, tables should be self-explanatory; the necessary Discussion descriptions should be at the bottom of the table. The purpose oft he discussion is to present a brief and pertinent interpretation of the results against the background of existing knowledge. Any assumptions on which conclusions are based Figures must be stated clearly. A mere recapitulation of the results is To avoid unnecessary Figures, particularly those requiring not acceptable. A review-like treatment, which reduces the half-tone reproduction, only critical points of the text should impact on the reader, should also be avoided. The main con- be illustrated. If coloured Figures are desired, the Authors clusion should be conveyed in a final paragraph. should discuss their requirements with the Managing Editor, preferably before submission. Please note that unsatisfactory Figures will be returned to Acknowledgements the Author for revision. The Journal reserves the right to Acknowledgements should be brief but should include refer- reject a manuscript if the Figures are unacceptable. ence to sources of support. Sources of drugs not widely available commerically should be acknowledged. Submission Requirements (a) The Author’s names and the Figure number must be in- References dicated lightly in pencil on the back of each Figure; if In the text, references to other work should take the form: necessary, use an adhesive label to avoid damage to the (Bolton & Kitamura, 1983) or, ‘Bolton & Kitamura (1983) Figure. showed that . . .’. If there are more than two authors, the Each copy of the manuscript must be accompanied by one first author’s name should be given followed by ef ai. set of labelled Figures (i.e. complete with lettering and (Biilbring er al., 1981). numbering, arrows, etc.). An original set and one high References to ‘unpublished observations’ or ‘personal com- quality photocopy will suffice. munications’ should be mentioned in the text only, and not (c) No submitted Figure should exceed 210 x 297 mm (A4). included in the list of references. Papers which have been sub- (d) Each Figure must be accompanied by a legend; each legend mitted and accepted for publication, should be included in the should be typed on a separate sheet of paper and paginated list of references with the names of the periodicals and ‘in as part of the manuscript. Legends should explain the press’. A photocopy must be submitted with the manuscript. If Figures in sufficient detail that, whenever possible, they can this is not possible, authors should indicate whether the work be understood without reference to the text. cited is an abstract or a full paper. Papers in preparation or The explanation of the symbols and column headings should which have been submitted but not yet finally accepted for pub- be given as a key in the Figure itself and not in the Figure lication must not be included in the list of references. legend. Instructions to Authors Figure will reduce Line width Line width to this percentage (axes) (graphs) Symbol size of the original size 400 100 (No reduction) ano 80 400 70 AQDO 60 ADO 50 ANDO 40 (e) Figure legends/captions should include consistent corre- ready copy), with suitable contrast enabling them to be lations to terminology or nomenclature that has been used scanned directly into a printable format. They should be pre- on the labelling of the figures. pared to conform with the style and convention of the journal as redrawing is expensive and processing time is extended. Journal style for lettering on figures is plain sans serif Illustrations typeface (Univers). Most figures will be reduced in size for reproduction, final type size is generally 8pt (after reduction). All illustrations will be scanned electronically for inclusion in the Artwork may be submitted up to twice the intended size in the journal, therefore care should be taken when preparing artwork journal (see Figure 1). for publication. Subsection figure parts (a, b, etc.) should be labelled in bold Any illustrations that have been prepared on a computer may lower case (8pt. Univers bold) to match figure labelling. be submitted in electronic form, but to ensure optimum quality It is important that the printed symbols and lines should please follow these guidelines and submit the material as: retain their clarity. To achieve this the following points should 1. Macintosh files prepared to the correct size (max width be considered: 80 mm single column or up to 16C mm double coloumn) in 1. Lines should not be too thin to reproduce after reduction Adobe Photoshop and supplied as a TIFF file. to on-page size (see Table 1). Other formats which can be accepted are open files (not 2. The symbols used for plotting data points should be large EPS’s), of Adobe Illustrator or Macromedia Freehand. enough to show up clearly when reduced to on-page size. IBM/PC TIFF (files in graphic format only NOT docu- 3. The symbols used for plotting data points should not be ment). too similar, please use different mix of symbols (including Minimum resolution for scanned graphics to be 300 dpi for open symbols if data points are closely spaced). tone work and 600 dpi for line work. If any figures have to Symbols should be chosen from the following set if be produced in colour, save as CMYK and NOT RGB. possible. If the artwork has been created to the correct size the O@OBAAVVO @* x. labelling placed around the illustration should be 8pt Lettering/labelling should not be too small after reduction. Univers. If an illustration has been created to a larger size When graphs are generated by computer, lines must not than that stated, the labelling should be set to the correct show noticeable stepping. percentage for reduction at page make-up. Some shading may not reproduce after reduction. Please Preferred media for delivery: CD-Rom, Optical 600 mb or make shading as ‘coarse’ as possible. The preferred order 1.3 gb (5.25”), Syquest 88 mb or 230 mb (5.25”), Macin- to shading of histogram columns is: open (clear), closed tosh and PC 3.5” floppy disks (up to 1.44 mb) or 5.25” (up (solid), cross-hatched (lines one way), heavily stippled, and to 1.2 mb). other (if required). The disk must be clearly marked with journal/author/manu- The explanation of the symbols and column headings should script number, file name and programme used and accompany be given as a key in the Figure itself and not in the Figure legend. the manuscript to which it refers, and include printed copies of Line Figures should normally have only left and bottom axes; the illustration for identification. All illustrations will be reduced box-style Figures and those using 3-dimensions are not acceptable. to fit single column width wherever possible. Amendments to the Where the Figure is a composite of more than one graph, illustration may be made to conform to journal style. experimental record, etc., particular care is needed to minimise Any illustrations containing blots from gels, histochemical the spaces between each part, without overcrowding the entire stains or pen traces, that have been prepared via a computer Figure. programme cannot be reproduced from a laser printout, as Figure | illustrates a simple properly-drawn graph in its this creates a cross-hatched pattern. Such material must be original form (a) and in its reduced form (b) as it would appear submitted on disk as above, unless unscanned continuous tone in the Journal (single column width). originals are supplied. Amendments to the illustrations may be made to conform to the journal style (ie: labelling). Photographs and photomicrographs Line Figures These should be submitted, twice as large as their intended published size, as good quality prints of high contrast Unless submitted electronically (as above) line illustrations especially where traces and records are illustrated. The should be presented as clear black and white artwork (camera originals must not contain arrows, lettering or numbering; 6 Instructions to Authors a 250 —Asa-— DRUG1 —@— DRUG2 —O— DRUG3 DB E 150 eo (e) 7 S 100 be 50 a | J | 0 50 100 150 200 Methylene b 250 —A— DRUG1 —@-— DRUG2 —O- DRUG3 200 + —X— DRUG4 [) E iso ¢ 2 ©”c 100+ 50F ne it { i 0 50 100 150 Methylene Figure 1 (a) Artwork as drawn. (b) Artwork reduced to 60 per cent of its original size for publication in the Journal to fit in single column width. these must be accurately located on a duplicate print matches the disc version exactly. If the disc version varies (or photocopy). When submitting half-tone illustrations to the manuscript, the manuscript version will be used. for publication authors should remember that it is not possible The discis text only, excluding tables, figures or graphics files. to reproduce Figures to a finer quality than the original Discs should be 3.5” (90 mm). photographs/photomicrographs provided. Critical areas nwT he preferred programme is Wordperfect 5.1 (DOS). should be marked on a second copy or on an overlay, so that Acceptable alternatives are — Wordperfect for Windows the Printer can choose the correct exposure. Maximum trim (saved as 5.1); Microsoft Word for Mac; ASCII. areas should be marked on a second copy of the photograph/ Tables should be provided in hard copy form as conver- photomicrograph or on a tracing overlay, i.e. authors should sion usually makes re-keying and tagging necessary. show any parts of the photographs that could be excluded = Illustrations/graphics — see previous notes. from the finished half-tone illustration. A CALIBRATION Non ASCII characters (greek, maths symbols, foreign BAR MUST BE PROVIDED ON THE PHOTO- accents etc.) should be coded in text eg: <x> and the full MICROGRAPH to ensure that, if the Printer reduces the key of these codes placed in a separate file (.splextension) plate, the scale is reduced in the correct proportion. eg: ‘<x > represents maths symbol chi squared’. This will enable a rapid and full search and replace. Submitting manuscripts on disc Avoid using sub-directories/folders for these files, keep Manuscripts, once accepted for publication may be presented them at the top directory level. on disc, as long as they meet the following criteria: . DO NOT include automatic pagination. Manuscript pages 1. The manuscript on disc must be the final version. should be numbered by hand on the hard copy version. 2. A double spaced hard copy accompanies the disc and . DO NOT use compression. Instructions to Authors 7 . Follow journal style for capitalisation, references etc. send a copy of their Declaration with their manuscript fol- . Use endnotes, NOT footnotes. lowing the example given in this section. . Use double line space between paragraphs, NOT first line Manuscripts will not be accepted for publication unless the indent. Declaration is signed and submitted. . DO NOT use double line space between items in lists or references. Statement . All discs are labelled clearly with journal/author/manu- 1. Submission of am anuscript will be taken to imply that the script no./file name and programme used. Authors have obtained permission to publish from (a) Please ask the Publisher for further details if necessary, their employers or institution, if they have a contractual or before submitting materia] on disc. We do not guarantee that moral obligation to do so, and (b) those whose un- the disc will be used or that it will expedite publication, how- published work including papers accepted for publication ever we will ensure that all manuscripts will be handled by the most expedient method. (i.e. in press), has been cited or those whom the Authors wish to acknowledge as having improved the content or presentation of the manuscript. Proofs The Authors must declare that the manuscript contents are One set of page proofs will be supplied, which should be original and that they have not already been published or corrected immediately and returned to the Publisher and a accepted for publication, either in whole or in part, in any photocopy retained by the author. Corrections should be kept form other than as an abstract or other preliminary to a minimum. publication in an unreferreed article. Furthermore, the Authors must verify that no part of the manuscript is under consideration for publication elsewhere and it will SPECIAL REPORTS not be submitted elsewhere if accepted by the British Journal of Pharmacology and not before a decision has The purpose of Special Reports is to provide rapid publication been reached by the Editorial Board. for new and important results which the Editorial Board considers are likely to be of special pharmacological sig- Declaration nificance. Special Reports will have publication priority over all other material and so authors are asked to consider carefully I/We assign to Stockton Press, on behalf of the British Phar- the status of their work before submission, and to state briefly macological Society, the copyright of my/our manuscript, in the covering letter why they believe their work deserves currently entitled priority publication. In order to speed publication there is normally no revision for publication in the British Journal of Pharmacology allowed beyond very minor typographical or grammatical corrections. If significant revision is required, the Board may Furthermore I/We have read, understood and accepted the either invite rapid re-submission or, more probably, propose terms and conditions as set out in Statement and Copyright, that it be re-written as a Full Paper and be re-submitted for Instructions to Authors Br. J. Pharmacol. 1999, 125, 3-10. consideration. In order to reduce delays, proofs of Special Reports will be sent to authors but essential corrections must reach the Publisher within 48 hours of receipt. Authors should ensure that their submitted material conforms exactly to the following requirements. Special Reports must occupy no more than four printed pages in the Journal. Two copies of each manuscript should be pro- vided. One copy should be prepared double spaced according to instructions for full papers. The second copy should be prepared in a two-column format as follows. Text (divided into Summary, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowl- edgements and References, maximum of 20, all sub-headings in bold) should bej ustified and in Times New Roman (9 pt). Col- umns should measure no more than 83 mm (width) and 250 mm (length). The Title (18 pt bold), Authors (12 pt bold) and their Affiliation (9 pt) should spread across both columns. The Copyright Summary (9 pt) should measure 140 mm (width) and should not exceed 150 words. Within this format there is no limitation to the 1. The Authors must agree that, when the above manu- number of illustrations (Figures and Tables, with legends) al- script has been accepted for publication in this Journal, lowed. Authors must supply illustrations which are appro- the worldwide copyright shall pass to the Stockton Press priately sized for direct inclusion in the Journal. These should be Ltd. on behalf of the British Pharmacological Society, either 80 mm width (including axis labelling) to fit single column on the understanding that the assignment of copyright or 160 mm width (including axis labelling) to fit double column. will not affect subsisting Patent Rights arrangements Authors must ensure that sufficient space is left in the body of the pertaining to it. The Authors also accept that, when text for these illustrations with their associated legends. All let- accepted, the contents will not be published subse- tering in Figures should be in plain sans serif typeface (Univers, 8 quently in the same or similar form in any language pt). Please note that the complete manuscript (including text, without the consent of the Publisher or Editorial Board Figures and Tables prepared as above) must not exceed the four of the Journal. printed page maximum. Manuscripts which do not conform to This Agreement shall not compromise the Authors’ these requirements may be returned to authors for amendment rights to reproduce their own work (see 3 below). For without review. its part, the British Pharmacological Society will protect the interest of Authors in the matter of copyright. STATEMENT AND COPYRIGHT AGREEMENT The Authors must declare that, where excerpts from copyrighted works have been included, the Authors have The following Statement, Declaration and Copyright Agree- obtained written permission from the Copyright owners ment should be read carefully by Authors who should then and have credited the sources in the manuscript. They must Instructions to Authors also warrant that the article contains no libellous or un- Multiplier Prefix 10° kilo lawful statements and does not infringe the rights of others. 10° mega The Authors will be entitled to publish any part of the 10° giga paper in connection with any other work by them, pro- 107 tera vided adequate acknowledgement is given. If it is appropriate, the Authors’ employer may sign this Declaration in addition to all authors. It is understood Thus, micron = um; angstrom =0.1 nm. Mixed prefixes are not that proprietary rights, with the exceptions of Copyright permissible, thus m yg should be ng. The symbols d (10~') and and Patent Rights are reserved by the signee. c (10-7) should be restricted to those occasions on which there If an Author is a U.S. Government employee and the work is a strongly felt need for them (e.g. cm). was done in that capacity, the assignment applies only to the extent allowed by U.S. law. If an Author is an em- ployee of the British Government, HMSO will grant a SYMBOLS non-exclusive licence to publish the paper in the Journal, provided British Crown Copyright and user rights (in- Symbols denoting physical quantities are usually printed as cluding Patent Rights) are reserved. italic capitals (indicated by single underline in typescript). A dash over the symbols indicates a mean value; a dot over the When submitting a manuscript for editorial consideration, symbol indicates a time derivative. Suffixes may be used to Authors should confirm their acceptance of these terms by indicate ‘where’ and ‘what’. They are printed as inferiors on signing a Declaration to that effect. The recommended that line. Multiple suffixes should be avoided if a simpler wording is given in the example. No paper will be accepted symbol adequately defined is unambiguous, but if necessary for publication without such a Declaration being signed by should be separated by commas e.g. Pa, co, denotes partial each Author. If the manuscript is not accepted for pub- pressure of CO, alveolar air. : lication, the assignment will be null and void. CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ABBREVIATIONS Authors should also consult Nomenclature Guidelines for ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS Authors contained in this tissue of the Journal. The abbrevia- tions listed may be used without definition except those for Physico-chemical quantities chemicals, drugs and enzymes which must be written in full at first mention in the title, summary and again in the text. At The British Journal of Pharmacology uses the SI symbols for first mention they should be followed by the abbreviation in units. The following prefixed for multiples of units should be brackets. Subsequently, the abbreviation alone may be used. used: The list of abbreviations for chemical, drug and enzyme names is clearly not comprehensive and includes only a few Multiplier Prefix Symbol commonly used examples. 10" deci d Use abbreviations sparingly as extensive use can make the centi : text hard to follow. milli micro nano Use of solidus pico femto The solidus should be avoided as far as possible and the negative atto index substituted, e.g. mgkg~' rather than mg/kg; (Continued on top of next column) pmol mm? min~' rather than pmol/mm?/min. Physico-chemical quantities Quantity Preferred unit Symbol Amount (of substance) mole mol Capacitance farad F Concentration moles per litre M or mol 17! Current ampere A Electrical conductance siemens Ss Electromotive force volt Vv Flow (blood or other liquid) litres per second 1 s~' or 1 min 1 (or min) Flow (air or other gas) liters per second 13 er tan" (or min) Force newton N Frequency of regular event hertz Hz Length metre m Mass gram g Power watt Ww Pressure (or partial pressure) pascal* Pa Radioactivity becquerel or curie Bq (60 d.p.m.) or Ci (3.7 x 10'° Bq)