Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, a Textbook Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, a Textbook With Exercises and Basic Grammar Second Edition Ronelle Alexander Ellen Elias-Bursać The University of Wisconsin Press The University of Wisconsin Press 1930 Monroe Street, 3rd Floor Madison, Wisconsin 53711-2059 uwpress.wisc.edu 3 Henrietta Street London WC2E 8LU England eurospanbookstore.com Copyright © 2006, 2010 Ronelle Alexander and Ellen Elias-Bursać All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any format or by any means, digital, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, or conveyed via the Internet or a Web site without written permission of the University of Wisconsin Press, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles and reviews. 1 3 5 4 2 Printed in the United States of America The Library of Congress has cataloged the first edition as follows: Alexander, Ronelle. Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, a textbook: with exercises and basic grammar / Ronelle Alexander and Ellen Elias-Bursać. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-299-21204-1 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Bosnian Language—Grammar, Comparative—Croatian. 2. Bosnian Language—Grammar, Comparative—Serbian. 3. Croatian Language— Grammar, Comparative—Bosnian. 4. Croatian Language—Grammar, Comparative—Serbian. 5. Serbian Language—Grammar, Comparative— Bosnian. 6. Serbian Language—Grammar, Comparative—Croatian. I. Elias-Bursać, Ellen. II. Title. PG1229.A444 2006 491.8'282421—dc22 2006046201 Second edition ISBNs: 978-0-299-23654-0 (pbk.: alk. paper) — 978-0-299-23653-3 (e-book) Publication of this book has been made possible in part by a grant from the Peter N. Kujachich Endowment in Serbian and Montenegrin Studies at the University of California, Berkeley.  Contents Map of the regions where Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian are spoken ii Preface to the Second Edition xi Preface to the First Edition xi Acknowledgments xii Guide for Students xiii Guide for Teachers xiv Optimum use of the exercises and drills Organization of the lessons Designation of differing forms Organization of vocabulary boxes within lessons Accent Unaccented words and clitics Abbreviations used in Lessons 1-20 xvii Prva lekcija • Lesson One A1 KAKO SE ZOVEŠ? 1 Alphabets and sounds Verb conjugation Singular and plural you The verb to be Vocabulary differences A2 ŠTA JE OVO? [B,S] ŠTO JE OVO? [C] 2 Nouns and gender Pronouns Questions Adjectives A3 DOBAR DAN! 4 Adjectives, continued Spelling of proper names A4 PAS I MAČKA 6 Nouns denoting professions and nationalities The verb to be, continued Plural of masculine nouns Vocabulary differences, continued VJEŽBE [J] VEŽBE [E]* 8 DOMAĆA ZADAĆA [B, C] DOMAĆI ZADATAK [S]* 10 Geografska pitanja [B,C,S] Zemljopisna pitanja [C] 12 Blank map 13 Cyrillic practice sheets 14 Druga lekcija • Lesson Two A1 UČITI ZAJEDNO 19 Addressing people: the vocative case Accusative case Time expressions: days of the week Negation Present tense of verbs The conjunction da Variant forms: ijekavian and ekavian Object pronouns, clitic forms A2 KOGA VIDIŠ? 22 Accusative case of animate nouns Object pronouns, full forms Demonstrative pronominal adjectives Fleeting vowels in adjectives A3 KUPUJEM PSA 24 Accusative of animate masculines and fleeting vowels Verbal aspect, introduction Prepositions Long and short adjectives Adjectives ending in -o Verbs in -ovati * The symbols B, C and S identify words or phrases which are used predominantly in the corresponding country or countries. The symbols E and J identify words that belong to the ekavian and ijekavian pronunciation areas, respectively. v A4 PAPIRNICA 26 Addressing people: politeness formulas The verb moći VJEŽBE [J] VEŽBE [E] 28 DOMAĆA ZADAĆA [B, C] DOMAĆI ZADATAK [S] 32 Geografska pitanja [B,C,S] Zemljopisna pitanja [C] 34 Treća lekcija • Lesson Three A1 KAKO STE? 35 Nominative plural of nouns Nominative plural of adjectives The words meaning person, people Conjugation of poznavati Long-form pronouns used for emphasis Case forms of personal names Adverbs The word for one A2 LAKU NOĆ! 38 Feminine nouns ending in a consonant Accusative plural Added syllables in the plural Negation, continued Long and short adjectives in this book A3 ŠTA VIŠE VOLIŠ? [B,S] ŠTO VIŠE VOLIŠ? [C] 40 A4 ČIJE SU OVE OLOVKE? 41 Interrogative pronominal adjectives Sound shifts in nominative plural VJEŽBE [J] VEŽBE [E] 42 DOMAĆA ZADAĆA [B, C] DOMAĆI ZADATAK [S] 44 Geografska pitanja [B,C,S] Zemljopisna pitanja [C] 46 Četvrta lekcija • Lesson Four A1 ODAKLE STE? 47 Forms of the genitive case Fleeting vowels and consonant softening Possible accent shifts Question words and conjunctions Pronunciation of alphabet letters A2 KOD KOGA SU NAŠE KNJIGE? 49 Possessive pronominal adjectives Short form adjectives in the genitive case Uses of the genitive case Pronouns in the genitive case Turning questions into statements A3 I JOŠ NEŠTO ... 51 Numbers Partitive genitive Names, continued A4 TRAŽIM NEKE STVARI 53 Prepositions with the genitive, continued “Pointer” words English It is... sentences Verb conjugation Long and “longer” adjectives VJEŽBE [J] VEŽBE [E] 55 DOMAĆA ZADAĆA [B, C] DOMAĆI ZADATAK [S] 58 Geografska pitanja [B,C,S] Zemljopisna pitanja [C] 61 Map of Bosnia and Herzegovina: the Federation and Republic of Srpska 61 Peta lekcija • Lesson Five A1 PET MAČAKA I PET PASA 63 Genitive plural Uses of the genitive plural Adverbs of direction Distributive po A2 NEMA NOVCA! 65 Uses of the genitive case, continued Prepositions with the accusative case Telling time Motion verbs and aspect The verb “want” A3 KO DOLAZI? [B,S] TKO DOLAZI? [C] 67 Genitive phrases of time Verbs and aspect The possessive adjective svoj The verb budem, budeš etc. Bosnian vocabulary A4 IZLAZAK U GRAD 69 Negation Aspect and prefixation More on vocabulary differences VJEŽBE [J] VEŽBE [E] 71 DOMAĆA ZADAĆA [B, C] DOMAĆI ZADATAK [S] 74 Geografska pitanja [B,C,S] Zemljopisna pitanja [C] 78 Maps of Montenegro, Serbia 78 vi Šesta lekcija • Lesson Six A1 U ZGRADI 79 Locative case Usage of the locative case Irregular plurals A2 UNIVERZITET [B,S] SVEUČILIŠTE [C] 81 Past tense, introduction Verbal usage, continued Forms of the locative case, continued Time expressions Ordinal numbers A3 KAKO TI JE? 84 Dative case Dative and locative personal pronouns Word order The forms sam, samo, sama A4 ŠTA TI SE SVIĐA? [B,S] ŠTO TI SE SVIĐA? [C] 86 The words “like” and “love” Other uses of the dative VJEŽBE [J] VEŽBE [E] 88 DOMAĆA ZADAĆA [B, C] DOMAĆI ZADATAK [S] 91 Geografska pitanja [B,C,S] Zemljopisna pitanja [C] 96 Map of Croatia 96 Sedma lekcija • Lesson Seven A1 DORUČAK 97 Instrumental case The instrumental case of pronouns The instrumental case with prepositions A2 ČIME IDEŠ NA POSAO? 100 Use of the instrumental case Prepositions with the instrumental Verbs of transport Negative imperative Negated mòći vs. mòrati A3 MA NEMOJ! 102 The imperative mood, continued Verbs of transport, continued “Inclinational”se-verbs Prepositions meaning “to [a person]” Aspect, continued A4 ČIME PIŠEŠ? 104 Instrumental of means Variation in suffixes and gender of nouns VJEŽBE [J] VEŽBE [E] 106 DOMAĆA ZADAĆA [B, C] DOMAĆI ZADATAK [S] 108 Aforizmi Dušana Radovića 111 Osma lekcija • Lesson Eight A1 STRPLJENJE 113 Plural case forms Vocative case, continued A2 NESTRPLJENJE 115 Neuter nouns with added syllable -et- Irregular plurals of dete / dijete, brat, gospodin A3 JAVI SE! 116 Se-verbs, continued A4 SOBA 117 Review of prepositions VJEŽBE [J] VEŽBE [E] 119 DOMAĆA ZADAĆA [B, C] DOMAĆI ZADATAK [S] 122 Aforizmi Dušana Radovića 126 Deveta lekcija • Lesson Nine A1 ŠTA ĆEŠ RADITI? [B,S] ŠTO ĆEŠ RADITI? [C] 127 The future tense Word order in the future and variant spellings The preposition na in future time expressions A2 POGLEDAJ SE! 129 Questions and negation in the future tense Word order in the future tense Double meanings of hteti / htjeti Reflexive verbs The particle se with verbs Aspect, continued vii A3 STANOVANJE 131 Negated prepositional phrases “Something, anything,” etc. “What” clauses A4 NA STANICI [B,S] NA KOLODVORU [C] 133 VJEŽBE [J] VEŽBE [E] 134 DOMAĆA ZADAĆA [B, C] DOMAĆI ZADATAK [S] 136 Aforizmi Dušana Radovića 140 Deseta lekcija • Lesson Ten A1 KOD CHARLIEA [B,C] KOD ČARLIJA [S] 141 Verb types Past tense Usage of the past tense Past and future tense of “existential” ima and nema A2 PISATI I NAPISATI 144 Word order in the past tense Verbal aspect, continued Subjectless sentences A3 “BIO JEDNOM JEDAN LAV” – Dušan Radović 147 A4 BOLE ME I NOGE I RUKE 150 Verbal nouns The human body Verbs of transport VJEŽBE [J] VEŽBE [E] 153 DOMAĆA ZADAĆA [B, C] DOMAĆI ZADATAK [S] 155 Aforizmi Dušana Radovića 158 Jedanaesta lekcija • Lesson Eleven A1 VAŽNO, VAŽNIJE, NAJVAŽNIJE 159 Passive participles Verb types and the formation of passive participles Comparison of adjectives A2 DVA RESTORANA 162 Comparison of adjectives expressed by consonant softening Comparison of adverbs Comparison “than” “One another” The verb trebati Names of professionals Chart: STRUKE • PROFESSIONS 165 A3 STRUKA I POSAO 166 The instrumental case, continued A4 TREBA MI POSAO! 168 The verb trebati, continued Verbs of body position VJEŽBE [J] VEŽBE [E] 171 DOMAĆA ZADAĆA [B, C] DOMAĆI ZADATAK [S] 174 Aforizmi Dušana Radovića 176 Dvanaesta lekcija • Lesson Twelve A1 STUDENTSKI DOM 177 Cardinal numbers, review Agreement with cardinal numbers Fractions and approximative numbers The relative conjunction koji as subject Present verbal adverb A2 KUPOVINA 182 Agreement with cardinal numbers Group numbers Past verbal adverb Collective nouns A3 KOLIKO IMAŠ GODINA? 186 Ordinal numbers in naming dates Discussing one’s age The “exact future” The conjunction što Words meaning “ought, might, may” A4 ŠTA SE DOGODILO? [B,S] ŠTO SE DOGODILO? [C] 188 Ordinal numbers, continued Aorist and imperfect VJEŽBE [J] VEŽBE [E] 190 DOMAĆA ZADAĆA [B, C] DOMAĆI ZADATAK [S] 193 Aforizmi Dušana Radovića 196 viii Trinaesta lekcija • Lesson Thirteen A1 DOBRO DOŠLI! 197 The conditional mood The word “welcome” A2 EVO KOMPJUTERA! [B,S] EVO KOMPJUTORA! [C] 200 Use of the conditional in “toned-down” statements or requests Indirect discourse Da introducing proposed actions A3 POLAKO ... 202 Conditional sentences Conditional of purpose A4 UPUTSTVA 204 The relative conjunction kòji, continued Compound conjunctions VJEŽBE [J] VEŽBE [E] 207 DOMAĆA ZADAĆA [B, C] DOMAĆI ZADATAK [S] 211 Aforizmi Dušana Radovića 214 Četrnaesta lekcija • Lesson Fourteen A1 RECEPT ZA KAHVU [B] KAVU [C] KAFU [S] 215 Infinitives in the function of imperative Active vs. passive sentences Formation of passive and impersonal sentences A2 OLUJA 220 Passive participles, past and present verbal adverbs Telling time, continued A3 CRNA HRONIKA [B,S] CRNA KRONIKA [C] 222 A4 MAGLA 224 VJEŽBE [J] VEŽBE [E] 226 DOMAĆA ZADAĆA [B, C] DOMAĆI ZADATAK [S] 229 Aforizmi Dušana Radovića 232 Petnaesta lekcija • Lesson Fifteen A1 PINGVIN CHARLIE priča: Hanna Kraatz režiser: B. Kolar 233 Aspect choice and verbal meaning Aspect and narrative Sve plus the comparative A2 KONTROLNI TEST 236 “Each other” Stati Sav “all”, sve “everything” and svi “everyone” VJEŽBE [J] VEŽBE [E] 238 DOMAĆA ZADAĆA [B, C] DOMAĆI ZADATAK [S] 241 Šesnaesta lekcija • Lesson Sixteen A1 PISMO o dolasku na filmski festival 243 ODGOVOR iz Sarajeva 246 A2 PISMO o istraživačkom radu u Hrvatskoj 248 ODGOVOR iz Zagreba 251 A3 ПИСМО o курсевима за учење језика у Београду 254 ODGOVOR iz Beograda 256 VJEŽBE [J] VEŽBE [E] 259 Grammar note on "each other" 259 DOMAĆA ZADAĆA [B, C] DOMAĆI ZADATAK [S] 260 Sedamnaesta lekcija • Lesson Seventeen A1 “LJEPOTICA I ZVIJER” – Ferida Duraković 261 A2 “ZEMLJA” – A. B. Šimić 264 Grammar note on aorist and imperfect 265 A3 “VEČE NA ŠKOLJU” – Aleksa Šantić 267 A4 Nastanak i nestanak 269 VJEŽBE [J] VEŽBE [E] 271 DOMAĆA ZADAĆA [B, C] DOMAĆI ZADATAK [S] 273 ix