Books between Europe and the Americas AlsobyJamesRaven THEBUSINESSOFBOOKS:BooksellersandtheEnglishBookTrade,1450–1850 JUDGINGNEWWEALTH:PopularPublishingandResponsesto CommerceinEngland,1750–1800 LONDONBOOKSELLERSANDAMERICANCUSTOMERS:Transatlantic LiteraryCommunityandtheCharlestonLibrarySociety,1748–1811 THEENGLISHNOVEL,1770–1829(2Volumes,withPeterGarsideandRainer Schöwerling) FREEPRINTANDNON-COMMERCIALPUBLISHINGSINCE1700(Editor) LOSTLIBRARIES:TheDestructionofBookCollectionssince Antiquity(Editor) THEPRACTICEANDREPRESENTATIONOFREADINGINENGLAND(withHelen SmallandNaomiTadmor,Editors) AlsobyLeslieHowsam PASTINTOPRINT:ThePublishingofHistoryinBritain,1850–1950 OLDBOOKS&NEWHISTORIES:AnOrientationtoStudiesinBook&Print Culture CHEAPBIBLES:Nineteenth-CenturyPublishingandtheBritishandForeignBible Society KEGANPAUL:AVictorianImprint–Publishers,BooksandCulturalHistory SCIENTISTSSINCE1660:ABibliographyofBiographies Books between Europe and the Americas Connections and Communities, 1620–1860 Editedby Leslie Howsam UniversityProfessorofHistory,UniversityofWindsor,Ontario,Canada James Raven ProfessorofModernHistory,UniversityofEssex,UK Editorialmatter,selection,introductionandconclusion©LeslieHowsamand JamesRaven2011 Allremainingchapters©theirrespectiveauthors2011 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6-10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorshaveassertedtheirrightstobeidentified astheauthorsofthisworkinaccordancewiththeCopyright, DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2011by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN978–0–230–28567–5hardback Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData BooksbetweenEuropeandtheAmericas:connectionsandcommunities, 1620–1860/[editedby]LeslieHowsam,JamesRaven. p. cm. Includesindex. ISBN978–0–230–28567–5(hardback) 1. Books—Europe—History. 2. Books—America—History. 3. Books andreading—Europe—History. 4. Booksandreading—America— History. 5. Books—History—17thcentury. 6. Books—History— 18thcentury. 7. Books—History—19thcentury. I. Howsam,Leslie. II. Raven,James,1959– Z8.E9B662011 002.094—dc22 2011004896 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 PrintedandboundinGreatBritainby CPIAntonyRowe,ChippenhamandEastbourne Contents Acknowledgements vii NotesontheContributors viii Abbreviations xi 1 Introduction 1 LeslieHowsamandJamesRaven 2 Reactiontothe1622VirginiaMassacre:AnEarlyHistory ofTransatlanticPrint 23 CatherineArmstrong 3 FictionandCivilityAcrosstheSeventeenth-Century EnglishAtlantic:TeachingtheHistoryofFaustus 42 JenniferMylander 4 TransatlanticNews:AmericanInterpretationsofthe ScandalousandHeroic 64 PhyllisWhitmanHunter 5 PrintandManuscriptinFrenchCanadaundertheAncien Régime 83 FrançoisMelançon 6 Bookmen,NaturalistsandBritishAtlantic Communication,c.1730–60 104 NicholasWrightson 7 TheDutchBookTradeinColonialNewYorkCity:The TransatlanticConnection 128 JoyceD.Goodfriend 8 ClassicalTransports:LatinandGreekTextsinNorthand CentralAmericabefore1800 157 JamesRaven 9 ‘ASmallCargoeforTryal’:Connectionsbetweenthe BelfastandPhiladelphiaBookTradesintheLater EighteenthCentury 187 MichaelO’Connor v vi Contents 10 FromtheFrenchorNot:TransatlanticContributionsto theMakingoftheBrazilianNovel 212 SandraGuardiniT.Vasconcelos 11 ‘LearningfromAbroad?’:CommunitiesofKnowledgeand theMonitorialSysteminIndependentSpanishAmerica 233 EugeniaRoldánVera 12 BusinessandReadingAcrosstheAtlantic:W.&R. ChambersandtheUnitedStatesMarket,1840–60 257 AileenFyfe 13 ‘ThePowerofSteam’:Anti-slaveryandReforminBritain andAmerica,1844–60 283 RobertJ.Scholnick Index 307 Acknowledgements Books between Europe and the Americas began as a conference entitled ‘Connected by Books’, held in February 2004 in London, under the auspices of the Cambridge Project for the Book Trust. The intellectual approachtotheAtlanticanditsrelationshipswasreinforcedbythefirst two settings of the meeting. The opening sessions were held in central LondonatDartmouthHouse,internationalheadquartersoftheEnglish- Speaking Union, whose Governors (including James Raven) are keen to promote the study of relationships among people who share a lin- guafranca.ThefollowingdaytheconferencemigrateddowntheRiver Thames to Greenwich, where the National Maritime Museum proved an equally welcoming and stimulating setting for our ideas. Following thesuccessofthesemeetings,asecondconferencewasconvened,again at the invitation of the Cambridge Project for the Book Trust, at the UniversityofEssexinDecember2007. Forfinancialsupportfortheconferences,theeditorsaremostgrateful to the British Academy, the Royal Historical Society, Magdalene Col- lege, Cambridge, the University of Essex, the University of Windsor, theEnglish-SpeakingUnionoftheCommonwealthandtheCambridge Project for the Book Trust. Chapter 5 is a revised translation of an arti- cle which appeared in the Papers of the Bibliographical Society of Canada 37(1999):35–58.Theauthorandtheeditorsaregratefultothecouncil of the Bibliographical Society of Canada for permission to publish the translationandtotheUniversitédeSherbrookeforfundingtheoriginal translationmadebyRodWilmott.Otherassistancegiventoindividual contributors to this book is acknowledged at appropriate places in the followingchapters. vii Notes on the Contributors Catherine Armstrong is Lecturer in American History at Manchester Metropolitan University. Her research interests include British and American print culture in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Her Writing North America in the Seventeenth Century was published in 2007. She is currently working on the changing representations of the American landscape in various print genres between 1660 and1760. Aileen Fyfe is Lecturer in Modern British History at the University of St Andrews, and the author of Science and Salvation: Evangelical Popu- larSciencePublishinginVictorianBritain(2004)andeditor(withBernard Lightman)ofScienceintheMarketplace:Nineteenth-centurySitesandExpe- riences (2007). She is completing a monograph on W. & R. Chambers andthefirm’susesofnewtechnologiestoreachawiderreadershipfor itsinstructivepublications. Joyce D. Goodfriend is Professor of History at the University of Denver. She is the author of Before the Melting Pot: Society and Culture in Colonial New York City, 1664–1730 (1992) and numerous essays on colonialDutchandearlyNewYorkhistory.SheistheeditorofRevisiting NewNetherland:PerspectivesonEarlyDutchAmerica(2005)andco-editor of Going Dutch: The Dutch Presence in America, 1609–2009 (2008). She is also a member of the North American Editorial Board of Urban History. Leslie Howsam is University Professor in the Department of History at the University of Windsor, Ontario. She is President of the interna- tional Society for the History of Authorship, Reading and Publishing, and a Trustee of the Cambridge Project for the Book Trust. The author of numerous books and articles on the history of the book, her 2006 Lyell Lectures at the University of Oxford are published by the British Library as Past into Print: The Publishing of History in Britain, 1850–1950 (2009). Phyllis Whitman Hunter is Associate Professor in the Department of History,UniversityofNorthCarolina,Greensboro,andaformerFellow viii NotesontheContributors ix oftheNationalHumanitiesCenteratResearchTrianglePark.Sheisthe author of Purchasing Identity in the Atlantic World: Massachusetts Mer- chants,1670–1780(2001).Sheiscurrentlycompletingtwobooks,Sailing East: The Empress of China and the New Nation (forthcoming 2011), a studyofthefirstAmericanmerchantvoyagetoChina,andamonograph provisionallytitledEncounteringAsiainEarlyAmerica. François Melançon is an independent scholar and former Lec- turer in History at the Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, in whose Department of French Studies he successfully defended his 2007 thesis on book traffic in colonial New France. His research has been assisted by fellowships from the Fonds pour la formation des chercheurs et l’aide à la recherche, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the Canada Research Chair in Book and Publishing History (Université de Sherbrooke) and the Fondation Desjardins. Jennifer Mylander is Assistant Professor of English at the College of Humanities, San Francisco State University, where she teaches courses on Milton, Shakespeare and the British Atlantic World. Other work on the history of books and reading in England and its Atlantic World has appeared in the Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies and the collection Shakespearean Educations: Power, Citizenship, and Perfor- mance(2010),editedbyCoppéliaKahn,HeatherS.Nathans,andMimi Godfrey. Michael O’Connor is Research Assistant in the School of History and Anthropology at Queen’s University, Belfast. He completed his Ph.D. thesison‘JamesMagee(1707–91)andtheBelfastPrintTrade,1771–81’ in2007,andiscurrentlycompletingfurtherpublicationsinrelationto Belfastprintingandprintculture. JamesRavenisProfessorofModernHistoryattheUniversityofEssex. Formerly Reader in Social and Cultural History at the University of Oxford,FellowofMansfieldCollege,Oxford,FellowofMagdaleneCol- lege, Cambridge, and Munby Fellow in Bibliography and Fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge, he is Director of the Cambridge Project for the Book Trust (www.cambridgebook.demon.co.uk) and Director of the Mapping the Print Culture of Eighteenth-Century London project. His most recent book The Business of Books: Booksellers and the English