EDITED BY PHllP S. FONER NEW fOREWORO BY BARBARA RANSBY ByP hiSl.iF po ner The BlacPka ntheSrpse ak TheL ifaen dW ritinogfsF rederDiocukg la(s sv o4l s.) Histoorfyt heLa borM ovemenitn t heU niteSdt at(es v o4l s.) A HistoorfyC ubaa ndI tsR elations witthh eU niteSdt at(e2sv ols.) TheC ompleWtrei tinogfsT homaPsa in(e2 v ols.) W. E.B .D u BoiSsp eak(s v2 o ls.) BusineasnsdS laveTrhye:N ew YorkM erchants andt heI rrepresCsoinblflei ct TheF ura ndL eathWeorr kerUsn ion JacLko ndonA:m ericRaenb el MarkT wainS:o ciCarli tic TheJ ews Aimne ricHains to1ry:6 54-1865 TheC aseo fJ oeH ill TheL etteorfJs o eH ill TheB olsheRveivko lutiIotnsI: m pacotn AmericaRna dicaLlisb,e raalnsdL, a bor The Autobiograopfth hieHe asy markMeatr tyrs HeleKne lleHre:rS ociaYleiasrts TheB asiWcr itinogfsT homaJse fferson TheS elecWtreidt inogfGes o rgeW ashington TheS elecWtreidt inogfsA brahaLmi ncoln TheS elecWtreidt inogfFs r anklDi.Rn oo sevelt THE BLACK PANTHERS SPEAK EdibtyPe hdi Sl.i pF oner ("!°JH aymarketBooks Cl1icago, IL © 1970b yP hilSi.Fp o ner Firpsutb slhiebdy J .BL.i ppincCoomtpta nPyh,i ladeal/NpehYwio rk. Thsie ditipounbs lhide in2 014b yH aymarkBeoto ks PO Box 180156 ChicagIoL6, 0 618 773-8537-884 [email protected] www.haymarketbooks.org Traddei stribution: Int hUeS ,C onsortBiouomk S alaensd D istribuwtwiwo.nc,b sd.com InC anadPau,b slhiesGr rouCpa nadwaw,w .pgcbooks.ca Int heU K,T urnaroPuunbdl iesrSh erivcewwsw,. turnaround-uk.com InA ustraPlailag,r Maavcem illwawnw,. palgravemaccommi.lalua n. Alolt hecro untrPiuebssl,hi esGr rouWpo rldwiwdwew,. pgw.com ISB:N9 781--60864-328-2 Cover debsyRi aggni nJao hnsCoonv.e irm agoef B lack PaPnatrhtyme erm bers demonstraotnti hnsegt eopfst hAel amedCao untCyo urthofourst eh ree lease ofH ueyN ewto(nC opyriBgehtttm ann/CoarnbdiA sP Images). Publiswhietdth h gee noeurss uppoorfLt a nnan Foundation andt he Wallace Global Fund. PrintienCd a nadbay u niolna b.o r LibraorfCy o ngreCsastl aoging-inc-aPtuidboalnti iasa vailable. 109 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I Acknowledgments Excerpfrtosm ThWer etocfh Eetadhr bety F hra,n Ftazn onc,o pyri©g h1t9 6b3yP resence Afriacrpeau iblniesh,e dt hwpeie trhm issoifGo rno vPer esIsn,c" .H ueNye wtoTna lktsot he Movemenatb outth Bel acPka nthPearr tCyu,l tuNraatli onalSiNsCmC,,L iberaanlds White Revolution"aYroiCuea sn"M ;u rdearL iberabtuotYr o,u C an't MuLridbeerr atbiyoF nr;e'd Hamptona;n d "BlCaacukc uPsr ograAmn:I nterviaerwe" publishedp ewrimtihs stihoen oft heM ovem"BeonbbtSye. a lEex plaiPnasn thPeorl iticpsu"b liissw hietdth h ep ermission oft heG uar"dAin aOnpLe.ent tteoSr t okeClayr michabeylE ;l'd ridClgeea viespr u,b lished with ptehrem issoifoR na mp"aWreW tislWl.i n :L ettfreorm Prisobny;A 'f enSih akur, and" ToJ udgMeu rtagFhr:o mt heP anth2er1 a"r ep ubliswhietdth h ep ermissoifoR na y. "PeoplMee'dsi cCaalr e Cenitspe urb"l iswhietdth h pee rmissoifDo na iWloyr" lTedn.-P oint Health Proogftr haeYm o ungL ordiss"p ubliswhietdth h ep ermissoifot nh eY. L.0 . Contents ForewobrydB arbara Ransby ix PrefacbeyJ uliBaonn d xxi Introduction xxi i Black PanNtahteiro nAanlt hem xiii 1. BlackP anthePra rtPyl atfoarnmd Program Ruleosf t heB lackP anther Party WhatW eW ant/WhaWte Beileve 2 Ruleosft hBel acPka nthPearry t 4 2. TheB lackP antheVro:i ceo ft heP arty 7 TheB lacPka nterhM:i rorro ft hPee ople 8 A Pig 14 BlacLka wyres 14 Revoultionya Arrt/BlLaicbke ration 16 On Violence 19 Free AbnyyM eansN ecesys (apreom) 20 Corrteicgn MisteankI deas 21 TheP oweorf t hPee ople 23 BlacCkh ilsdP 'ldege 24 InW hitAem eriTcoad ay 25 EditorSitaealmt ent 26 Revolutiyo Lneatrt#e1r5( p eom) 26 TheG enioufsH ueyN ewton 27 Eri'csPa oem 29 TheR evolutiyo SnpairroifA tn toinoM aceo, LiveosnT odaiyn t hPee oep'lRse voultioyn Vaarnguda,r theB lacPka nthert yaP,n adr in NeOwuR re ovlutiyo nar WarriNoarm eda ftHeirm 30 A BlacPka nthSeorn (gp ome) 31 Tot hCeo uraegouVsi etmneaseP eople, 32 CommemoratitnhgDe e atohfH oC hiM inh TheC hicgao8 32 Pgis-Pnathers 34 OnC ritimc oifsC uba 37 3. HueyP .N ewtonS peaks 39 InD efneseof S e-lDfefneseE:x euctivMea ndaNtuem beOrn e 40 TheC orercHta nldign ofa R evoultion 41 FunctiDoenfailn ointo ifP olictsi 45 Messatgoe" FreHeuye yR ally",O aklaAnudd itor,i um 47 Feburayr 1,71 968 Huey NewtoTnal skt ot hMeo vemnetA boutt he 50 BlacPka nthPearry t,C ultuNraatli aolnmi,sS NCC, LiberaanldWs h itRee voultoinaersi Messeao gnt hPee acMeo vemnet 67 To tRh.eN .A. 70 PrisoWnh,e reI sT hyV ictyo?r 74 4. BobbyS ealeS peaks 77 TheT en-PoinPtl foartm andP rograomf tBhlea cPka nthPearr ty7 8 BobbyS eaElxep laiPnasn thPeorli ictAsn:I ntveirew 81 BlacSko ldiaesRr esv loutiontaorO iveerst rhowt hReu liCnlga ss8 8 Brign ItH ome 93 5. EldridCglee aveSrp eaksF romE xile 97 MessatgoeS istEerri cHuag ginosft hBel acPka nthPearrt y 98 TheB lacMka n'Sst aeki nV ietnam 100 AnO penL ettteoSr t koelCya rmichael 104 ElrdidCglee vaerD iscusRseevosl utiAonnI :n treviefwor m Exile1 08 TheF asciHsatvseA lreadDye cidiendA dvnacet oM urder 171 CharimanB obbyS ealinet hEel etcircC hai:r MAa nifesto 6. DavidH illiaSrpde aks 121 TheI deoloofgt yh Bel acPka nthPearry t 122 BlacSkt udeUnnti ons 124 IfY ouW antP eace GYoottu o F ighfortI t 128 Intreviewwi tChB SN ewsD,e cemb2e8r,1 969 130 7. FredH amptonS peaks 137 YouC anM urdearL iber,ab tuotYr ouC an'Mtu rdeLri berati1o3n8 8. BlackP antheWro men Speak 145 LiberaatnidoP no litAisscaasls ionnab,ty Ki athlCeleaenv re 146 OnC ultuNraatilon almi,sb yL indHaa rrison 151 TheS trguglIesa W orlSdt rguglbey,C onniMea tthews 154 IJ oinetdh Pea ntehrsb,yJ oaBni dr 195 We WilWli nL:e ttFerorm Prisobny A fenSih akur 161 A Wordfo rP anthPearre ntbsyM, r s.J eweBla krer 164 9. CommunityA ctivities 167 ToF eeOdu rC hilednr 168 Why thFer eBere afakst? 169 LiberaStcihoono ls 107 TheY outMha ket hRee voultion 171 PeoplMee'dis caClar eC enter 137 PockLeatw yeorfL eglaF irAsitd 167 InM emoroyf D r.M artiLnu thKeirn g 177 PetiiotnS teamtenfotr C ommunitCyo ntroolf P olice 179 Defnedt hGeh ett(loae fl)e t 180 Communiyt DiscsusiGorno up(sl elae)ft 181 10.B lackP antherisnC ourt 183 BobbSye alves J.u dgHeo ffman 185 ToJ udgMeu rtagFhr:o mt heP anth2e1r 196 ClosiRnegm arktsot heJ urbyy C harlRe.sG arry 212 inP eoploefC aliforniHau evyP. .N ewton 11.A lliancaensd Coalitions 219 TheB lacPka nthPearr tSyt andfosr R evolutioSnoalriyd arit2y2 0 We MustD evelaoU pn iteFdr onAtg ainFsats ci(slme aflet)2 22 On EstablisahU innigt eFdr onwti tCho mmunists 223 SDSR esolutoinot nh eB lacPka nthPearr ty 225 TheY ounLgo rdOsr ganizaotnit ohneM ove: 229 Intervwiietwh RaVfaieelr a YounLgo rdBsl ocSkt reweitt Gha rbage 234 YounLgo rdPsa rt1y3 -PoiPnrto graamn dP latform 235 Ten-PoiHneta ltPhro graomf t heY ounLgo rds 238 TheP atriPoatr tSyp eaktsot heM ovement 239 LatinWoasl kout 243 GettiTnogge ther 245 Ten-PoiPnrto graamn dP latforomft heB lacSkt udeUnnti ons 246 TheB lacPka nthPearr tayn dR evolutioTnraardUyen ionism 249 BlacCka ucuPsr ograAmn:I nterview 252 Petittioot nh eU niteNda tions 254 Appendixes 257 I.T heP ersecuotfit ohneB lacPka nthPearr ty 257 a.T heO ldR uleDso NotA pplyA: S urveoyft heP ersecuti2o5n7 oft heB lacPka nthPearr tbyyC harlRe.sG arry b.N ewsR eleaIsses ubeydt heA mericCainv iLli berties 263 UnionD,e cember 29, 1969 c.R esolutAidoonp tebdyt heN ewY orGkr ouopf t he 265 SociefotryP hilosoapnhdyP ublAifcf raisM,a y2 31,9 70 ILC alfolr R evolutioPneaorpyl Ceo'nss titutCioonnvaeln tion2,6 7 Septemb7e,1r 9 70, PhilaPdAe lphia, Notes 272 Foreword TheB lacPka nthPearr tfoyr SelDfe-fenslea,ts eirm pltyh eB lack PanthPeartr y( BPPw)a,sfo undeidn O akland, Caliinfo1 r9n6i6a , byH ueyN ewtoann dB obby Setawlose t,u denattMs e rritt Col­ legweh ow erien fluenbcyet dh ep olitical iuntp hsuecr oguen try anda ngerbeydt hec ontinpuoeldi vcieo leanncdeh arassmienn t AfricAamne riccaonm munitiinecsl,u dOiankgl anTdh.e yw ere latjeori nbeydE ldridCglee avDearv,i Hdi lliaarnddo, t herEss.­ timataerset haatt t heipre akt,h eP anthecrlsa imtehdo usands ofm emberasn dm anym ores upporters, ian nculmubdeoirfn g prominecnetl ebriatriteissa,tn sdi, n tellecRtoumaalnst.i cibzy ed somea ndv ilifbiyoe tdh ertsh,eb ye camiec onosft heB lacPko wer movemenbtu,tt heo rganizawtaiseo cnl ecatnidcc o mplaexn di ts storiysa n uanceodn eI.t msa choi magdei sguiasr eesa lwihteyr e thes trugagglaei nssetx iswma si ntenasnedo ngoinTgh.es toic, milituarnbta n-warprrioofrci laem ouflaagp erdo founcdo mmit­ mentt ot heo rganizatsiuornv'isav nadls ervice proAgnrda ms. the" all-thing"se -xBtlearccilkoora ktehdei nterpnoalli toifsc osl ­ idaraintdyi nternationalism. Iw asn inyee arosl dw hent heB lacPka nthPearr twya sfo unded, buti tesm ergenwcoeu lhda vea profounidm pacotn m y evolv­ ingc onsciousansae y sosu nBgl acwko mang rowiunpgi nt hela te 1960asn de arl'y7 0Isr .e membetrh efa miliiamra goef l argAef ­ ro-wearmiennga ndw omenh awkinPga nthneerw spapoenrD se ­ trosittr eceotr ne"rBsl:a Pcakn thpearp eyro,u nsgi st"eA rn?dt hen Ir emembetrh ef uneroafla friendb'rso thwehro d iewda yt oo youngH.ew asa P antheTrh.ef unertaolo pkl aciena l ocCaalt h­ olicch urcwhi tah c askderta peidna redb,l acakn,d g reeflna g andp allbeawreearrsi bnlga cbke retlse,at hjearc keatnsd,B lack Panthbeurt tofniss,rt asi saestd h ehyo noraefa dl lecno mradaen d brothTehre.i srl oga"nA,lP lo wetro t heP eoplwea,su" b iquitIotu s. ix