Bipolar Disorders 100 years after manic-depressive insanity Bipolar Disorders 100 years after manic-depressive insanity Edited by Andreas Marneros Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany and Jules Angst University Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW eBookISBN: 0-306-47521-9 Print ISBN: 0-7923-6588-7 ©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers NewYork, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow Print ©2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht All rights reserved No part of this eBook maybe reproducedor transmitted inanyform or byanymeans,electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: http://kluweronline.com and Kluwer's eBookstore at: http://ebooks.kluweronline.com Contents List of contributors ix Acknowledgements xiii Preface xv 1 Bipolar disorders: roots and evolution Andreas Marneros and Jules Angst 1 2 The soft bipolar spectrum: footnotes to Kraepelin on the interface of hypomania, temperament and depression Hagop S. Akiskal and Olavo Pinto 37 3 The mixed bipolar disorders Susan L. McElroy, Marlene P. Freeman and Hagop S. Akiskal 63 4 Rapid-cycling bipolar disorder Joseph R. Calabrese, Daniel J. Rapport, Robert L. Findling, Melvin D. Shelton and Susan E. Kimmel 89 5 Bipolar schizoaffective disorders Andreas Marneros, Arno Deister and Anke Rohde 111 6 Bipolar disorders during pregnancy, post partum and in menopause Anke Rohde and Andreas Marneros 127 7 Adolescent-onset bipolar illness Stan Kutcher 139 8 Bipolar disorder in old age Kenneth I. Shulman and Nathan Herrmann 153 9 Temperament and personality types in bipolar patients: a historical review Jules Angst 175 viii Contents 10 Interactional styles in bipolar disorder Christoph Mundt, Klaus T. Kronmüller and Matthias Backenstraß 201 11 Comorbidity in bipolar affective disorder Peter Brieger 215 12 The genetic epidemiology of bipolar disorder Ming T. Tsuang and Stephen V. Faraone 231 13 Genetics of bipolar affective disorder Henrik Ewald 243 14 The biology of bipolar disorder Mary J. Kujawa and Charles B. Nemeroff 281 15 Cyclicity and manic-depressive illness Athanasios Koukopoulos, Gabriele Sani, Alexia Koukopoulos and Paolo Girardi 315 16 Bipolar shifts as disorders of the bi-hemispheric integration of language: implications for the genetic origins of the psychotic continuum Timothy J. Crow 335 17 Mood stabilizers in bipolar disorder Mario Maj, Alfonso Tortorella and Luca Bartoli 349 18 Antipsychotics in acute mania Mauricio Tohen 373 19 Antidepressant treatment of bipolar depression Hans-Jürgen Möller and Heinz Grunze 387 20 The prognosis of bipolar disorders: course and outcome Marc L. Bourgeois and Andreas Marneros 405 21 The costs of treatment of bipolar disorder Paul E. Keck, Susan L. McElroy, Lesley M. Arnold, Naakesh A. Dewan and Jerry A. Bennett 437 22 Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Unifying the concept of psychosis through brain morphology Lynn E. DeLisi 449 23 On entities and continuities of bipolar disorders Andreas Marneros 461 Index 465 Contributors Hagop S. Akiskal University of California at San Diego, 3350 La Jolla Village, San Diego, CA 92161, USA Jules Angst Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik, Lenggstraße 31, Postfach 68, 8209 Zürich, Switzerland Lesley M. Arnold Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio 45267-0559, USA MatthiasBackenstraß Psychiatrische Klinik der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Voßstraße 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany Luca Bartoli Clinica Psichiatrica, Primo Policlinico Universitario, Largo Madonna delle Grazie, I-80138 Napoli, Italy Jerry A. Bennett Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio 45267-0559, USA Marc L. Bourgeois Professeur Université Bordeaux II, Hôpital Charles Perrens, 121, rue de la Béchade, 33076 Bordeaux, France Peter Brieger Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Martin-Luther- Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle, Germany Joseph R. Calabrese Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio, USA x Contributors Tim J. Crow University of Oxford, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK Arno Deister Krankenhaus Itzehoe, Abteilung für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Robert-Koch-Straße 2, 25524 Itzehoe, Germany Lynn E. DeLisi Professor of Psychiatry, SUNY, Stony Brook HSC, T-10 Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA Naakesh A. Dewan Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio 45267-0559, USA Henrik Ewald Århus Universitetshospital, Psykiatrisk Hospital, Institute for Basic Psychiatric Research, Skovagervej 2, 8240 Risskov, Denmark Stephen V. Faraone Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Psychiatry Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Robert L. Findling Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio, USA Marlene P. Freeman University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 231 Bethesda Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0559, USA Paolo Girardi Centro Lucio Bini, Via Crescenzio 42, 00193 Roma, Italy Heinz Grunze Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Universität München, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336 München, Germany Nathan Herrmann Head, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, North York, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada Paul E. Keck Jr. Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio 45267-0559, USA