Lecture Notes in Computer Science 6583 CommencedPublicationin1973 FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors: GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen EditorialBoard DavidHutchison LancasterUniversity,UK TakeoKanade CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA JosefKittler UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK JonM.Kleinberg CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA AlfredKobsa UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,CA,USA FriedemannMattern ETHZurich,Switzerland JohnC.Mitchell StanfordUniversity,CA,USA MoniNaor WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel OscarNierstrasz UniversityofBern,Switzerland C.PanduRangan IndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras,India BernhardSteffen TUDortmundUniversity,Germany MadhuSudan MicrosoftResearch,Cambridge,MA,USA DemetriTerzopoulos UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA DougTygar UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA GerhardWeikum MaxPlanckInstituteforInformatics,Saarbruecken,Germany Claus Vielhauer Jana Dittmann Andrzej Drygajlo Niels Christian Juul Michael Fairhurst (Eds.) Biometrics and ID Management COST 2101 European Workshop, BioID 2011 Brandenburg (Havel), Germany, March 8-10, 2011 Proceedings 1 3 VolumeEditors ClausVielhauer BrandenburgUniversityofAppliedSciences 14737BrandenburganderHavel,Germany E-mail:[email protected] JanaDittmann Otto-von-Guericke-UniversityMagdeburg 39016Magdeburg,Germany E-mail:[email protected] AndrzejDrygajlo SwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyLausanne(EPFL) 1015Lausanne,Switzerland E-mail:andrzej.drygajlo@epfl.ch NielsChristianJuul RoskildeUniversity,4000Roskilde,Denmark E-mail:[email protected] MichaelFairhurst UniversityofKent CanterburyCT27NT,UnitedKingdom E-mail:[email protected] ISSN0302-9743 e-ISSN1611-3349 ISBN978-3-642-19529-7 e-ISBN978-3-642-19530-3 DOI10.1007/978-3-642-19530-3 SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011921816 CRSubjectClassification(1998):I.5,J.3,K.6.5,D.4.6,I.4.8,I.7.5,I.2.7 LNCSSublibrary:SL6–ImageProcessing,ComputerVision, PatternRecognition,andGraphics ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,re-useofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965, initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsareliable toprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. 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Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyScientificPublishingServices,Chennai,India Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface ThisvolumeofSpringerLectureNotesinComputerSciences(LNCS)constitutes thefinalpublicationoftheEUCOST2101Action“BiometricsforIdentityDoc- umentsandSmartCards,”whichhasbeensuccessfullyrunningduringtheyears 2006-2010.One of the many valuable outputs of this initiative is the realization of a new scientific workshop series, dedicated to the project’s goals: the “Euro- pean Workshop on Biometrics and Identity Management (BioID).” This series startedin 2008with the firstworkshopatRoskilde University,Denmark (BioID 2008) and continued with a second event, hosted by the Biometrics Recogni- tionGroup(ATVS) ofthe EscuelaPolit´ecnicaSuperior,UniversidadAuto´noma de Madrid, Spain in 2009 (BioID MultiComm 2009). From the very beginning, the researchpapers of BioID workshops have been published as Springer LNCS volumes; vol. 5372 (2008) and vol. 5707 (2009). Continuing the series, this present volume collects together the submitted research papers accepted for the Third European Workshop on Biometrics and Identity Management (BioID 2011), taking place during March 8–10, 2011 at Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Germany. The workshop Call for Paperswasopentotheentireresearchcommunityandallsubmissionsunderwent a double-blind review process by the workshop Scientific Committee. Readers will see that the event attracted an interesting mix of papers, with the wide- ranging topic coverage which is to be expected from a field as diverse as that addressed by this workshop. Inadditiontothepeer-reviewedpapers,twocontributionswereinvitedbythe workshopChairs.Asthisvolumeconstitutesafinalprojectoutput,itbeginswith an invited introductory paper by the COST 2101 Action Chair, summarizing the scientific experiences from the overall project and lessons learned from it. Secondly,theActionChaircontributesaninvitedpaperinthe domainofageing face recognition. The remainder of the papers in these proceedings are dedicated to further original work covering different research topics within biometrics. These topics can be categorized in the following groups: 1. Face Modalities 2. Handwriting Modalities 3. Speech Modalities 4. Iris Modalities 5. Multibiometrics 6. Theory and Systems 7. Convergence of Biometrics and Forensics. Face recognition has proved to be the most popular strand represented in the submissions to this workshop, with seven individual papers. These propose VI Preface schemes such as entropy-based classification, binary LDA, sparse approxima- tion, synthetic exact filters and score-age-qualitymethods for face classification and eye localization. Further, work is presented on 3D faces in the context of biometric identities and face recognition based on body-worn cameras. Quantitatively speaking, the second highest number of workshop papers representthehandwritingmodality.Here,techniqueslikefeatureselectionforau- thenticationandhashgeneration,eigen-modelprojectionsandmultiagentnego- tiation are discussed for online signatures and handwriting. Additionally, issues relatingto the useofoffline signaturesextractedfromstaticforms,hill-climbing attacks to signature verification systems and biometric system integration into smart cards are all addressed. With respect to speaker authentication, three research papers address the topics of open-setperformanceevaluation,long-termageingandfrequency-time analysis. A study of the selection of optimal of iris code segments complements the contributions related to other specific modalities. Twopapersrepresentthedomainofmultibiometrics:thefirstsuggestsviewin- variant multi-view movement representations for human identification, whereas the second discusses the combination of palm prints and blood vessels. Contributionswithaparticularfocusontheoryandsystemaspectsdealwith the analysis of significant parameters of biometric authentication methods and attacks to watermarking-basedbiometric recognition schemes. Finally,the convergenceofbiometricsandforensicshas generatedsignificant interest. In this area, we find four papers. Three of these address the issue of forensic fingerprints by suggesting models for chain-of-custody and fingerprint analysis processes and by discussing privacy-preserving processing of latent fin- gerprints in a specific application scenario. The fourth paper presents work on detecting replay-attackson speaker verification systems. Given the overall thematic spectrum, the Workshop Chairs are confident that this volume represents a good survey of important state-of-the art work in biometrics and underlines the overall success of the BioID Workshop series. Of course, the successful organization of the workshop and proceedings for BioID 2011 has been a demanding piece of work, which could not have been achieved without the active support of many colleagues. First of all, we would like to specificallythankthecorecontributors,namely,allauthorswhosubmittedtheir papers for consideration. In addition, we are especially grateful for the invited contributions by the COST 2101 Action Chair, Andrzej Drygajlo. The Scientific Committee helped us to achieve completion of the scientific review process within a very constrained time period. We would like to thank allreviewersfor their efforts and timely feedback. The local workshoporganiza- tion was a joint effort between BrandenburgUniversity of Applied Sciences and Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg. It has involved a great deal of work by many team members. Particularly, we would like to thank Silke Reifgerste for the financial and administrative organization, Karl Ku¨mmel for the website and administrative publication organization,andTobias Scheidatfor helping to organize the workshop programme and the compilation of these proceedings. Preface VII Thanks are also due to those responsible for the local organization during the eventitself,and specificallywe thank SylviaFro¨hlich,Stefan Gruhn,Rober Fis- cher and Christian Arndt for their help. Finally, we would like to thank the numerous colleagues from the COST Office and the publisher for their active support, as well as both organizing universities for their contribution in making this workshoppossible. March 2011 Claus Vielhauer Jana Dittmann Andrzej Drygajlo Niels Christian Juul Michael Fairhurst About COST COST – the acronymfor EuropeanCooperationin Science and Technology – is the oldest and widest European intergovernmental network for cooperation in research.Establishedbythe MinisterialConferenceinNovember1971,COSTis presently used by the scientific communities of 36 European countries to coop- erate in common researchprojects supported by national funds. The funds provided by COST – less than 1% of the total value of the projects – support the COST cooperation networks (COST Actions) through which, with EUR 30 million per year,more than 30,000 Europeanscientists are involved in research having a total value which exceeds EUR 2 billion per year. This is the financial worth of the European added value which COST achieves. A “bottom–up approach” (the initiative of launching a COST Action comes fromthe Europeanscientists themselves),“a`la carteparticipation” (only coun- tries interested in the Action participate), “equality of access” (participation is open also to the scientific communities of countries not belonging to the Euro- pean Union) and “flexible structure” (easy implementation and light manage- ment of the research initiatives) are the main characteristics of COST. Asprecursorofadvancedmultidisciplinaryresearch,COSThasaveryimpor- tant role in the realization of the European Research Area (ERA) anticipating andcomplementing the activitiesofthe FrameworkProgrammes,constituting a “bridge”towardthe scientificcommunities ofemergingcountries,increasingthe mobility of researchers across Europe and fostering the establishment of “Net- works of Excellence” in many key scientific domains such as: biomedicine and molecularbiosciences;foodand agriculture;forests,their products andservices; materials,physicalandnanosciences;chemistryandmolecularsciencesandtech- nologies;earthsystemscience andenvironmentalmanagement;informationand communication technologies;transport and urban development; individuals, so- cieties, cultures and health. It covers basic and more applied research and also addresses issues of pre-normative nature or of societal importance. Web: http://www.cost.eu ESF provides the COST Office through an EC contract COST is supported by the EU RTD Framework programme Organization BioID 2011 was organized by the COST 2101 Action “Biometrics for Identity Documents and Smart Cards.” General Chairs Claus Vielhauer Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Germany Jana Dittmann Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany Co-chairs Andrzej Drygajlo EPFL, Switzerland Niels Christian Juul Roskilde University, Denmark Michael Fairhurst University of Kent, UK Program Chairs Claus Vielhauer Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Germany Jana Dittmann Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany Scientific Committee Akarun, L., Turkey Leich, T., Germany Alba Castro, J. J., Spain Majewski, W., Poland Ariyaeeinia, A., UK Moeslund, T.B., Denmark Bigun, J., Sweden Ortega-Carcia,J., Spain Campisi, P., Italy Pavesic, N., Slovenia Correia, P.L., Portugal Pitas, I., Greece Delvaux, N., France Ribaric, S., Croatia Dorizzi, B., France Richiardi, J., Switzerland Gluhchev, G., Bulgaria Salah, A.A., The Netherlands Greitans, M., Latvia Sankur, B., Turkey Harte, N., Ireland Scheidat, T., Germany Hernando, J., Spain Schouten, B.A.M., The Netherlands Humm, A., Switzerland Soares, L.D., Portugal Keus, K., Germany Staroniewicz, P., Poland Kittler, J., UK Strack, H., Germany Kotropoulos,C., Greece Tistarelli, M., Italy Kounoudes, A., Cyprus Uhl, A., Austria Kryszczuk, K., Switzerland Veldhuis, R., The Netherlands Ku¨mmel, K., Germany Zganec Gros, J., Slovenia Lamminen, H., Finland X Organization Organizing Committee Jana Dittmann Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany Silke Reifgerste Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany Claus Vielhauer Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Germany Karl Ku¨mmel Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Germany Tobias Scheidat Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Germany Local Organizing Committee (from Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Germany) Sylvia Fro¨hlich Stefan Gruhn Robert Fischer Christian Arndt Sponsors – COST Action 2101 “Biometrics for Identity Documents and Smart Cards” – European Science Foundation (ESF)