Soft Bottom Macrobenthic Community of Arthur Harbor, Antarctica James K. Lowry Paper 1 in Biology of the Antarctic Seas V David L. Pawson, Editor A N T A R C T IC Volume 23 R E S E A R CH Number 1 S E R I ES ANTAfCTIC Volume 23 RESEARCH Number 1 S ERIES SOFT BOTTOM MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITY OF ARTHUR HARBOR, ANTARCTICA JAMES K. LOWRY, Author ? BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS V DAVID L. PAWSON, Editor Copyright © 1975 by the American Geophysical Union 1909 K Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. 20006 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Lowry, James K. 1942- Soft bottom macrobenthic community of Arthur Harbor, Antarctica. (Biology of the Antarctic seas; 5) (Antarctic research series; v. 23, no. 1) v < 1. Marine invertebrates—Antarctic regions^Anvers Island. 2. Benthos^Antarctic regions—Anvers Island. I. Title. II. Title: Arthur Harbor, Antarctica. III. Series. IV: Series: American Geophysical Union. Antarctic research series; v. 23, no. 1. QH95.58.B56 vol. 5 [QL127] 574.92'4s [592'.09'24] ISBN 0-87590-123-9 75-22056 \ Published by the AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL- UNION With the aid of a grant from the National Science Foundation August 12, 1975 Printed by THE WILLIAM BYRD PRESS, INC. Richmond, Virginia The Aulacanthidae (Radiolaria: Phaeodaria) of the Antarctic Seas John Francisco Tibbs Paper 2 in Biology of the Antarctic Seas V Antarctic Research Series Volume 23 David L. Pawson, Editor American Geophysical Union THE AULACANTHIDAE (RADIOLARIA: PHAEODARIA) OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS JOHN FRANCISCO TIBBS BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS V Antarctic Research Series Volume 23 Edited by DAVID L. PAWSON Copyright © 1976 by the American Geophysical Union 1909 K Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. 20006 ISBN 0-87590-126v3 Published by the AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION^ With the aid of a grant from the National Science Foundation December 31, 1976 Printed by THE WILLIAM BYRD PRESS, INC. Richmond, Virginia Bathypelagic Isopod Crustacea From the Antarctic and Southern Seas George A. Schultz Paper 3 in Biology of the Antarctic Seas V Antarctic Research Series Volume 23 David L. Pawson, Editor American Geophysical Union BATHYPELAGIC ISOPOD CRUSTACEA FROM THE ANTARCTIC AND SOUTHERN SEAS GEORGE A. SCHULTZ BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS V Antarctic Research Series Volume 23 Edited by DAVID L. PAWSON Copyright © 1977 by the American Geophysical Union 1909 K Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. 20006 y ~V Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Schultz, George A. r x Bathypelagic isopod Crustacea from the Antarctic and southern seas. (Biology of the Antarctic seas; o, paper 3) (Ant­ arctic research series; v. 23, no. 3) Bibliography: p. 1. Isopoda —South Atlantic Ocean. 2. Isdpoda — South Pacific Ocean. 3. Isopoda —Antarctic Ocean. 4. Crustacea —South Atlantic Ocean. 5. Crustacea — South Pacific Ocean, 6. Crustacea —Antarctic Ocean. I. Title. II Series. III. Series: American Geo­ physical Union. Antarctic research series; v. 23, ( no. 3. QH95.58.B56 vol. 5, paper 3 IQL444.M34] 77-1796 ISBN 0-87590-128-X 574.92'4s |595'.372'09167l Published by the AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION With the aid of a grant from the National Science Foundation July 18, 1977 Printed by THE WILLIAM BYKD PRESS, INC. Richmond, Virginia Benthic Marine Algae of the Antarctic Peninsula I. Mackenzie Lamb and Martin H. Zimmerman Kenny Smith-Brunet, Illustrator Paper 4 in Biology of the Antarctic Seas V Antarctic Research Series Volume 23 David L. Pawson, Editor American Geophysical Union BENTHIC MARINE ALGAE OF THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA I. MACKENZIE LAMB AND MARTIN H. ZIMMERMAN ' Illustrated by'KENNY SMITH-BRUNET BIOLOGY OF THE ANTARCTIC SEAS V Antarctic Research Series1 Volume 23 Edited by DAVID L. PAWSON Copyright © 1977 by the American Geophysical Union 1909 K Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. 20006 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Lamb, Ivan Mackenzie. Benthic marine algae of the Antarctic Peninsula. (Biology of the Antarctic seas; 5, paper 4) (Ant­ arctic research series; v. 23, no. 4) Bibliography: p. ^. Includes index. 1. Marine algae — Antarctic regions—Antarctic Peninsula. 2. Benthos —Antarctic regions — Antarctic Peninsula. 3. Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctic regions. I. Zimmermann, Martin Huldrych, 1926- joint author. II. Title. III. Series. IV. Series: American Geo­ physical Union. Antarctic research series; v. 23, no. 4. QH95.58.B56 vol. 5, paper 4 IQK580.5] 574.92'4s ISBN 0-87590-127-1 |589'.39'293l 77-1470 Published by the AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION With the aid of a grant from the National Science Foundation September 16, 1977 Printed by THE WILLIAM BYRD PRESS, INC. Richmond, Virginia FRONTISPIECE The marine vegetation on the rocky slope southeast of Melchior Station at a depth of 2 m, February 11, 1965. The rock surface, continuously subjected to the abrasive action of floating ice, is covered partly by an encrusting calcareous red alga of pale pink color (Lithophyllum or Lithothamnium). The foliose Leptosomia simplex grows from cracks and crevices between the rocks and forms long ribbons by the end of the summer. In the foreground is a limpet (Nacella polaris). Antarctic Research Series Biology of the Antarctic Seas V Vol. 23 SOFT B O T T O M MACROBENTHIC C O M M U N I T Y OF ARTHUR H A R B O R , A N T A R C T I C A JAMES K . LOWRY1 Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062 Monthly grab samples (February 1967 to January 1968) taken at two localities have been used to describe the soft bottom macrobenthic community of Arthur Harbor, Anvers Island, Antarctica. The har­ bor bottom is composed of soft mud. Physical parameters such as bottom water temperatures (yearly mean, — 1.0°C) and bottom salinity (yearly mean, 34.10°/o) show little annual variation. Major components O are annelids, arthropods, and mollusks. The macrofauna exhibit a mean density of 7629/m2 at station I and 6285/m2 at station II. Bioindex values utilizing numbers and volumes show Ampelisca bouvien and Toldia eightsi to be dominant and characteristic members of the soft mud bottom. Eighteen species occur in at least 75% of all samples.Mean diversity values are relatively high. Mean redundancy values show the community to be near its theoretical maximum diversity. Arthur Harbor differs from previously described benthic com­ munities in the Antarctic, which are composed mainly of suspension feeding sponges, coelenterates, and ec- toprocts. INTRODUCTION Uschakov [Uschakov, 1963] and more recently by Most of our early knowledge of invertebrates from Dearborn [1965, 1967] and Bullivant [1967]. the Antarctic Peninsula is based on scientific reports Uschakov summarized the Russian benthic studies from the Belgian Antarctic Expedition 1897-1899, the done in the East Antarctic, whereas the work of Dear­ Swedish South Polar Expedition 1901-1904, the born and Bullivant was conducted in the Ross Sea. French Antarctic Expeditions 1903-1905 and From these studies the marine benthos has been 1908-1910, the German South Polar Expedition characterized as highly diverse with many endemic 1910-1912, and the Discovery Investigations from species, many of which exhibit direct development. 1925 intermittently through 1950. Since 1957, tremen­ The communities are dominated by suspension dous interest has been generated in antarctic biology. feeders such as sponges, bryozoans, and coelenterates, With 13 countries actively conducting research in the forming thick mats over the bottom [Dearborn, 1968]. Antarctic, more animals have probably been collected The present study was carried out on the soft mud since 1957 than in all previous years [Dearborn, bottom of Arthur Harbor, Anvers Island, Antarctica, 1968]. where because of the substrate, one would generally Four hundred seventy-five nominate species of expect deposit feeders to replace suspension feeders. polychaetes [Hartman, 1966], 309 mollusks [Dell, Polychaetes, mollusks, and infaunal crustaceans nor­ 1964], 310 amphipods, 130 isopods, 100 pycnogonids mally dominate such sites. [Ekman, 1953], 270 echinoderms [Dearborn, 1967], The objective has been a detailed study of the and 126 tunicates [Kott, 1969] are known from the benthic community, emphasizing species composi­ antarctic-subantarctic fauna. Significant studies in tion, community structure, and species diversity. benthic invertebrate ecology were not attempted until Petersen [1911, 1913, 1914], Mare [1942], and the late 1950's, first by G. M. Beliaev and P. V. Thorson [1957] have provided the traditional basis for this study, and the work of Sanders [1956, 1960, 1968], Patten [1962], Margalef [1968], and Dunbar 1 Now at Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. [1968] has provided more modern approaches. Copyright American Geophysical Union