BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION VOL. 133 2006 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF R.H. MARRS EDITORS SANDY J. ANDELMAN ANDREW B. GILL JEAN P. METZGER RICHARD B. PRIMACK ANDREW S. PULLIN DENIS A. SAUNDERS Volume contents, Author and Keyword Index for 2006 Sh ELSEVIER BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION Editor-in-Chief Professor R. H. MARRS Applied Vegetation Dynamics Lab., School of Biological Sciences, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK ([email protected]) Editors Dr A. B. GILL Dr J. P. METZGER Institute of Water & Environment, Departamento de Ecologia — Instituto de Cranfield University Biociéncias —- USP Rua do Matao, Silsoe Bedfordshire MK45 4DT, UK 321, travessa 14 05508-9000, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil ([email protected]) ([email protected]) Dr R. B. PRIMACK Dr A. S. PULLIN Biology Department, Boston University School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, 5 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK ([email protected]) ([email protected]) Dr D. A. SAUNDERS Dr K. A. WITH c/o CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, GPO Box 284, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Canberra, Australia 2601 Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA ([email protected]) ([email protected]) Book Review Editor Dr B. Meatyard National Academy for Gifted and Talented Youth, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL, UK ([email protected]) Editorial Board S. Andeiman P. A. R. Hockey G. F. Peterken University of California, USA University of Cape Town, South Africa Lydney, UK M. Burgman J. M. iriondo P. Poschlod The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain University of Regensburg, Germany Australia R. L. Jefferies B. Pressey me? T. Caro University of Toronto, Canada The Ecology Centre, University of Queensland, University of California, USA QLD 4072, Australia A. J. T. Johnsingh F. Ramade Oh ge lO 12/20 00144 Rome, Italy Wildlife Institute of India, Uttaranchal, India Université de Paris-Sud, France J. L. Craig K. 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AIRFREIGHT AND MAILING in the USA by Mercury International Limited, 365, Blair Road, Avenel, NJ 07001. BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 133 (2006) III~-xxvVI ? : 2 BIOLOGICAL available at www.sciencedirect.com CONSERVATION . ei “*e” ScienceDirect — “ee ; R é. A: “2 ELSEVIER journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Biological Conservation Papers Published in Volumes 127-133 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 127 Number 1 Review 1 Potential landscape drivers of biodiversity components in a flood plain: Past or present patterns? A. ERNOULT, Y. TREMAUVILLE, D. CELLIER, P. MARGERIE, E. LANGLOIS, D. ALARD (France) Regular articles 18 Habitat configuration affects colonisation of epifauna in a marine algal bed D.A. ROBERTS, A.G.B. POORE (Australia) 27 Artisanal longline fisheries in Southern Chile: Lessons to be learned to avoid incidental seabird mortality C.A. MORENO, J.A. ARATA, P. RUBILAR, R. HUCKE-GAETE (Chile), G. ROBERTSON (Australia) 37 Water depth influences nest predation for a wetland-dependent bird in fragmented bottomland forests J.P. HOOVER (USA) 46 Are habitat-tracking metacommunities dispersal limited? Inferences from abundance-occupancy patterns of epiphylls in Amazonian forest fragments C.E. ZARTMAN (Brazil), H.E.M. NASCIMENTO (Brazil) An experimental study on the effects of an introduced parasite in Darwin's finches B. FESSL (Germany), S. KLEINDORFER (Australia), S. TEBBICH (UK) Buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) land conversion and productivity in the plains of Sonora, Mexico K.A. FRANKLIN (USA), K. LYONS (Mexico), P.L. NAGLER, D. LAMPKIN, E.P. GLENN (USA), F. MOLINA-FREANER (Mexico), T. MARKOW, A.R. HUETE (USA) The impacts of forest clearance on lizard, small mammal and bird communities in the arid spiny forest, southern Madagascar D.M. SCOTT, D. BROWN, S. MAHOOD, B. DENTON, A. SILBURN, F. RAKOTONDRAPARANY (UK) Critical thresholds of disturbance by people and raptors in foraging wading birds ].D. GOSS-CUSTARD (UK), P. TRIPLET, F. SUEUR (France), A.D. WEST (UK) Genetic conservation of South African wattled cranes K.L. JONES (USA), L. RODWELL, K.I. McCANN, G.H. VERDOORN (South Africa), M.V. ASHLEY (USA) Biological effects of El Nino on the Galapagos penguin F.H. VARGAS, S. HARRISON (UK), S. REA (Ecuador), D.W. MACDONALD (UK) 10.1016/S0006-3207(06)00407-1 IV CONTENTS OF VOLUMES 127-133 / BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 133 (2006) III-XXVI 115 Population viability analysis and fire return intervals for an endemic Florida scrub mint E.S. MENGES, P.F. QUINTANA ASCENCIO, C.W. WEEKLEY, 0.G. GAOQUE (USA) 128 Book review Number 2 129 Altered drying regime controls distribution of endangered salamanders and introduced predators T.J. MARET, J.D. SNYDER, J.P. COLLINS (USA) 139 Flight behavior in guanacos and vicunas in areas with and without poaching in western Argentina E. DONADIO, S.W. BUSKIRK (USA) 146 Estimating the potential effects of sudden oak death on oak-dependent birds W.B. MONAHAN, W.D. KOENIG (USA) 158 Protecting more than the wetland: The importance of biased sex ratios and habitat segregation for conservation of the Hine’s emerald dragonfly, Somatochlora hineana Williamson S.E. FOSTER, D.A. SOLUK (USA) 167 Rapid diversity and abundance decline in a Caribbean coral reef sponge community J.L. WULFF (USA) 177 Effects of removing the litter and humic layers on heathland establishment following plantation removal M. ALLISON, M. AUSDEN (UK) 183 Natal origin of loggerhead turtles, Caretta caretta, in the neritic habitat off the Italian coasts, Central Mediterranean F. MAFFUCCI, W.H.C.F. KOOISTRA, F. BENTIVEGNA (Italy) 190 ‘The decline of Cantabrian capercaillie: How much does habitat configuration matter? M. QUEVEDO, M.J. BANUELOS, J.R. OBESO (Spain) 201 Is landscape context important for riparian conservation? Birds in grassy woodland T.G. MARTIN, S. McINTYRE, C.P. CATTERALL, H.P. POSSINGHAM (Australia) 215 Autumn swarming behaviour of Natterer’s bats in the UK: Population size, catchment area and dispersal N.M. RIVERS, R.K. BUTLIN, J.D. ALTRINGHAM (UK) 227 Dispersal of breeding, adult male Phocarctos hookeri: Implications for disease transmission, population management and species recovery B.C. ROBERTSON, B.L. CHILVERS, P.J. DUIGNAN, I.S. WILKINSON, N.J. GEMMELL (New Zealand) 237 A rapid approach to modeling species-habitat relationships G.M. CARTER, E.D. STOLEN, D.R. BREININGER (USA) Corrigendum 245 Corrigendum to “Comparative use of vendace by humans and Saimaa ringed sea in Lake Pihlajavesi, Finland” [Biological Conservation 125(3) (2005) 381-389] H. AUVINEN, J. JURVELIUS, J. KOSKELA, T. SIPILA (Finland) Number 3 SPECIAL ISSUE: Urbanization and Biotic Homogenization Guest Editor: Michael L. McKinney | 247 Urbanization as a major cause of biotic homogenization M.L. McKINNEY (United States) CONTENTS OF VOLUMES 127-133 / BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 133 (2006) III-XXVI Forecasting faunal and floral homogenization associated with human population geography in North America J.D. OLDEN, N.L. POFF, M.L. MCKINNEY (USA) Multiple effects of urbanization on the biodiversity of developing countries: The case of a fast-growing metropolitan area (Concepcion, Chile) A. PAUCHARD, M. AGUAYO, E. PENA, R. URRUTIA (Chile) Biotic homogenization of the California flora in urban and urbanizing regions M.W. SCHWARTZ, J.H. THORNE, J.H. VIERS (USA) Urbanization and homogenization - Comparing the floras of urban and rural areas in Germany I. KUHN, S. KLOTZ (Germany) Winners and losers among stream fishes in relation to land use legacies and urban development in the southeastern US M.C. SCOTT (USA) Effects of urbanization on California’s fish diversity: Differentiation, homogenization and the influence of spatial scale M.P. MARCHETTI, J.L. LOCKWOOD, T. LIGHT (USA) Homogenization of ant communities in mediterranean California: The effects of urbanization and invasion D.A. HOLWAY, A.V. SUAREZ (United States) Patterns of nonindigenous herpetofaunal richness and biotic homogenization among Florida counties K.G. SMITH (USA) Avifauna homogenisation by urbanisation: Analysis at different European latitudes P. CLERGEAU, S. CROCI (France), J. JOKIMAKI, M.-L. KAISANLAHTI-JOKIMAKI (Finland), M. DINETTI (Italy) How peri-urban areas can strengthen animal populations within cities: A modeling approach R.P.H. SNEP, P.F.M. OPDAM, J.M. BAVECO, M.F. WALLISDEVRIES, W. TIMMERMANS, R.G.M. KWAK, V. KUYPERS (The Netherlands) Restoration, reconciliation, and reconnecting with nature nearby J].R. MILLER (USA) Number 4 363 Response of travelling bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) to experimental approaches by a powerboat in Jervis Bay, New South Wales, Australia M. LEMON, T.P. LYNCH, D.H. CATO, R.G. HARCOURT (Australia) Prey depletion caused by overfishing and the decline of marine megafauna in eastern Ionian Sea coastal waters (central Mediterranean) G. BEARZI, E. POLITI, S. AGAZZI, A. AZZELLINO (Italy) Factoring species, non-species values and threats into biodiversity prioritisation across the ecoregions of Africa and its islands N.D. BURGESS, J. D’AMICO HALES, T.H. RICKETTS, E. DINERSTEIN (USA) Nesting habitat of the glossy black-cockatoo in central New South Wales M. CAMERON (Australia) Low impact of present and historical landscape configuration on the genetics of fragmented Anthyllis vulneraria populations : O. HONNAY, E. COART, J. BUTAYE, D. ADRIAENS, S. VAN GLABEKE, I. ROLDAN-RUIZ (Belgium) VI CONTENTS OF VOLUMES 127-133 / BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 133 (2006) III-XXVI Epigeic spiders as ecological indicators of conservation value for peat bogs A.G. SCOTT, G.S. OXFORD, P.A. SELDEN (UK) The efficacy of feral cat, fox and rabbit exclusion fence designs for threatened species protection K.E. MOSEBY, J.L. READ (Australia) Small mammalian herbivores as mediators of plant community dynamics in the high-altitude arid rangelands of Trans-Himalaya S. BAGCHI (USA), T. NAMGAIL (India), M.E. RITCHIE (USA) Cost-effectiveness of silvicultural measures to increase substrate availability for red-listed wood-living organisms in Norway spruce forests ‘ ) M. JONSSON, T. RANIUS, H. EKVALL, G. BOSTEDT, A. DAHLBERG, B. EHNSTROM, B. NORDEN (Sweden), J.N. STOKLAND (Norway) The abundance of a threatened arboreal marsupial in relation to anthropogenic disturbances at local and landscape scales in Mediterranean-type forests in south-western Australia A.F. WAYNE, A. COWLING, D.B. LINDENMAYER, C.G. WARD, C.V. VELLIOS, C.F. DONNELLY, M.C. CALVER (Australia) 477 Can regenerating clearcuts benefit mature-forest songbirds? An examination of post-breeding ecology A.C. VITZ, A.D. RODEWALD (United States) 487 Effects of habitat characteristics and sedimentation on performance of marine reserves in St. Lucia J.P. HAWKINS, C.M. ROBERTS, C. DYTHAM (UK), C. SCHELTEN (Tanzania), M.M. NUGUES (USA) 500 Plant species richness in midfield islets and road verges - The effect of landscape fragmentation S.A.O. COUSINS (Sweden) Short communication 510 Comparison between the macroinfauna of urbanized and protected beaches in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil V.G. VELOSO, E.S. SILVA, C.H.S. CAETANO, R.S. CARDOSO (Brazil) CONTENTS OF VOLUME 128 Number 1 1 A set of simple decision matrices for prioritizing collection of rare plant species for ex situ conservation E.J. FARNSWORTH, S. KLIONSKY, W.E. BRUMBACK, K. HAVENS (USA) 13 Populations of inshore serranids across the Canarian Archipelago: Relationships with human pressure and implications for conservation F. TUYA, P. SANCHEZ-JEREZ, R.J. HAROUN (Spain) 25 Regional habitat conservation priorities for the American crocodile J. THORBJARNARSON, F. MAZZOTTI, E. SANDERSON (United States), F. BUITRAGO (Nicaragua), M. LAZCANO (Mexico), K. MINKOWSKI (United States), M. MUNIZ, P. PONCE, L. SIGLER (Mexico), R. SOBERON (Cuba), A.M. TRELANCIA (Peru), A. VELASCO (Venezuela) 37 Systematic reserve design as a dynamic process: F-TRAC and the Florida Forever program J.B. OETTING, A.L. KNIGHT, G.R. KNIGHT (USA) 47 Environmental factors and spatial scale influence shorebirds’ responses to human disturbance M. YASUE (Canada) 55 _Within-site habitat configuration in reserve design: A case study with a peatland bird M. POULIN (Canada), M. BELISLE (Finland), M. CABEZA (Finland) 67 Richness, distribution and conservation status of cavity nesting birds in Mexico T.C. MONTERRUBIO-RICO, P. ESCALANTE-PLIEGO (México) CONTENTS OF VOLUMES 127-133 / BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 133 (2006) III-XXVI Population viability, ecological processes and biodiversity: Valuing sites for reserve selection A.K. SALOMON, J.L. RUESINK (United States), R.E. DEWREEDE (Canada) Contrasting recreational and commercial fishing: Searching for common issues to promote unified conservation of fisheries resources and aquatic environments S.J. COOKE (Canada), I.G. COWX (United Kingdom) Determining the spatial scale for conservation purposes - an example with grizzly bears V.0O. NAMS, G. MOWAT, M.A. PANIAN (Canada) Declines of the gopher tortoise on protected lands E.D. McCOY, H.R. MUSHINSKY, J. LINDZEY (USA) Simulating the effects of different disturbance regimes on Cortaderia selloana invasion J].G. PAUSAS, F. LLORET, M. VILA (Spain) Importance of reservoirs for the conservation of freshwater molluscs in a tropical urban landscape R. CLEMENTS (Singapore), L.P. KOH (USA), T.M. LEE, R. MEIER, D. LI (Singapore) Number 2 147 Village size and forest disturbance in Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India K.K. KARANTH, L.M. CURRAN, J.D. REUNING-SCHERER (USA) 158 An evaluation of field and non-invasive genetic methods to estimate brown bear (Ursus arctos) population size K.H. SOLBERG, E. BELLEMAIN, O.-M. DRAGESET (Norway), P. TABERLET (France), J.E. SWENSON (Norway) Landcover characterizations and Florida scrub-jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) population dynamics D.R. BREININGER, B. TOLAND, D.M. ODDY, M.L. LEGARE (USA) The responses of understorey birds to forest fragmentation, logging and wildfires: An Amazonian synthesis J. BARLOW, C.A. PERES (United Kingdom), L.M.P. HENRIQUES (Brazil), P.C. STOUFFER, J.M. WUNDERLE (United States) What is the appropriate paradigm for riparian forest conservation? A.D. RODEWALD, M.H. BAKERMANS (United States) Conservation of rare, endemic braya species (Brassicaceae): Breeding system variation, potential hybridization and human disturbance K. PARSONS, L. HERMANUTZ (Canada) Connectivity of reef fish between mangroves and coral reefs: Algorithms for the design of marine reserves at seascape scales PJ. MUMBY (United Kingdom) The value of bat-boxes in the conservation of Pipistre/lus pygmaeus in wetland rice paddies C. FLAQUER, I. TORRE, R. RUIZ-JARILLO (Spain) Effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on amphibians: A review and prospectus S.A. CUSHMAN (USA) Habitat-suitability modelling to assess the effects of land-use changes on Dupont’s lark Chersophilus duponti: A case study in the Layna Important Bird Area ; J. SEOANE, J.H. JUSTRIBO, F. GARCIA, J. RETAMAR, C. RABADAN, J.C. ATIENZA (Spain) Complementarity analysis: Mapping the performance of surrogates for biodiversity P. WILLIAMS (UK), D. FAITH (Australia), L.M ANNE (Canada), W. SECHREST (USA), C. PRESTON (UK) CONTENTS OF VOLUMES 127-133 / BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 133 (2006) III-XXVI 265 Large-scale habitat associations of birds in lowland Iceland: Implications for conservation T.G. GUNNARSSON, J.A. GILL, G.F. APPLETON (UK), H. GISLASON, A. GARDARSSON (Iceland), A.R. WATKINSON, W.J. SUTHERLAND (UK) 276 Effect of human activities on bearded vulture behaviour and breeding success in the French Pyrenees B. ARROYO (UK), M. Razin (France) Short communication 285 _ Inferring extinction from biological records: Were we too quick to write off Miss Waldron’s Red Colobus Monkey (Piliocolobus badius waldronae)? D.L. ROBERTS, A.C. KITCHENER (UK) Number 3 289 Towards sustainable commercial moss harvest in the Pacific Northwest of North America J.E. PECK (United States) 298 Landscape context mediates influence of local food abundance on wetland use by wintering shorebirds in an agricultural valley O.W. TAFT, S.M. HAIG (USA) 308 Abundance, body size and movement patterns of a tropical treefrog in continuous and fragmented forests in the Brazilian Amazon S. NECKEL-OLIVEIRA (Brazil), C.G ASCON (USA) 316 Long term effects of deer browsing and trampling on the vegetation of peatlands S. PELLERIN, J. HUOT, S.D. COTE (Canada) 327 Estimates of sea turtle mortality from poaching and bycatch in Bahia Magdalena, Baja California Sur, Mexico V. KOCH (Mexico), W.J. NICHOLS, H. PECKHAM (USA), V. DE LA TOBA (Mexico) 335 The response of plant and insect assemblages to the loss of Cal//luna vulgaris from upland vegetation 4 N.A. LITTLEWOOD, R.J. PAKEMAN, S.J. WOODIN (UK) , 346 Arthropod responses to harvesting and wildfire: Implications for emulation of natural disturbance in forest management C.M. BUDDLE, D.W. LANGOR, G.R. POHL, J.R. SPENCE (Canada) 358 Comparing the potential effectiveness of conservation planning approaches in central North Carolina, USA G.R. HESS, F.H. KOCH, M.J. RUBINO, K.A. ESCHELBACH, C.A. DREW, J.M. FAVREAU (United States) 369 Systematic landscape restoration using integer programming N.D. CROSSMAN, B.A. BRYAN (Australia) 384 The western Pacific red lionfish, Pterois volitans (Scorpaenidae), in Florida: Evidence for reproduction and parasitism in the first exotic marine fish established in state waters R. RUIZ-CARUS, R.E. MATHESON JR., D.E. ROBERTS JR., P.E. WHITFIELD (USA) 391 Effects of fishing and protection on Brazilian reef fishes S.R. FLOETER, B.S. HALPERN (USA), C.E.L. FERREIRA (Brazil) 403 Optimising reintroduction success by delayed dispersal: Is the release protocol important for hare-wallabies? B. HARDMAN, D. MORO (Australia) 412 Decline in the distribution and abundance of flesh-footed shearwaters (Puffinus carneipes) on Lord Howe Island, Australia D. PRIDDEL, N. CARLILE, P. FULLAGAR, I. HUTTON, L. O’NEILL (Australia) Short communication | 425 Badger hair in shaving brushes comes from protected Eurasian badgers ’ X. DOMINGO-ROURA, J. MARMI, A. FERRANDO, F. LOPEZ-GIRALDEZ (Spain), D.W. MACDONALD t (United Kingdom), H.A.H. JANSMAN (The Netherlands) CONTENTS OF VOLUMES 127-133 / BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 133 (2006) III-XXVI Number 4 431 Trends associated with residential development in riparian breeding bird habitat along the Snake River in Jackson Hole, WY, USA: Implications for conservation planning C.M. SMITH, D.G. WACHOB (United States) Spatiotemporal variation of breeding gull species in a boreal lake complex in Finland: Implications for conservation R. VIRKKALA (Finland) Using farmland prices to evaluate cost-efficiency of national versus regional reserve selection in Denmark N. STRANGE, C. RAHBEK, J.K. JEPSEN, M.P. LUND (Denmark) The effects of invasive North American beavers on riparian plant communities in Cape Horn, Chile. Do exotic beavers engineer differently in sub-Antarctic ecosystems? C.B. ANDERSON, C.R. GRIFFITH, A.D. ROSEMOND (USA), R. ROZZI, O. DOLLENZ (Chile) Facilitating the evolution of resistance to avian malaria in Hawaiian birds A.M. KILPATRICK (United States) The effects of visual apparency on bias in butterfly recording and monitoring R.L.H. DENNIS, T.G. SHREEVE, N.J.B. ISAAC, D.B. ROY, P.B. HARDY, R. FOX, J. ASHER (UK) The potential for genetic contamination vs. augmentation by native plants in urban gardens R.J. WHELAN, D.G. ROBERTS, P.R. ENGLAND, D.J. AYRE (Australia) Ship noise and cortisol secretion in European freshwater fishes L.E. WYSOCKI, J.P. DITTAMI, F. LADICH (Austria) Importance, cause and effect of bushmeat hunting in the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania: Implications for community based wildlife management M.R. NIELSEN (Denmark) The rise and fall of bobcat populations in New Hampshire: Relevance of historical harvests to understanding current patterns of abundance and distribution J.A. LITVAITIS, J.P. TASH, C.L. STEVENS (USA) Spatial, temporal, and physical characteristics of livestock depredations by large carnivores along a Kenyan reserve border ].M. KOLOWSKI, K.E. HOLEKAMP (United States) The severe decline of butterflies on western German calcareous grasslands during the last 30 years: A conservation problem M. WENZEL, T. SCHMITT, M. WEITZEL, A. SEITZ (Germany) Establishment of a new breeding colony of Gould's petrel (Pterodroma leucoptera leucoptera) through the creation of artificial nesting habitat and the translocation of nestlings D. PRIDDEL, N. CARLILE, R. WHEELER (Australia) The relationship between local extinctions of grassland butterflies and increased soil nitrogen levels E. OCKINGER, O. HAMMARSTEDT, S.G. NILSSON, H.G. SMITH (Sweden) Short communications 574 Rediscovery of the Scottish polecat, Mustela putorius: Survival or reintroduction? A.R. SOLOW (USA), A.C. KITCHENER, D.L. ROBERTS, J.D.S. BIRKS (UK) 576 A new abundance estimate for Maui's dolphin: What does it mean for managing this critically endangered species? E. SLOOTEN, S. DAWSON, W. RAYMENT, S. CHILDERHOUSE (New Zealand) The leaves of Pelargonium sidoides may substitute for its roots in the treatment of bacterial infections F.B. LEWU, D.S. GRIERSON, A.J. AFOLAYAN (South Africa) X CONTENTS OF VOLUMES 127-133 / BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 133 (2006) III-XXVI CONTENTS OF VOLUME 129 Number 1 SPECIAL SECTION: Conservation Biology of Orchids Guest Editors: Tiiu Kull, Pavel Kindlmann, Michael J. Hutchings, Richard B. Primack Special section on Conservation Biology of Orchids 1 Conservation biology of orchids: Introduction to the special issue T. KULL, P. KINDLMANN, M.J. HUTCHINGS, R.B. PRIMACK (Estonia) Species diversity versus phylogenetic diversity: A practical study in the taxonomically difficult genus Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae) Y. PILLON, M.F. FAY, A.B. SHIPUNOV, M.W. CHASE (UK) Hybridization and conservation of Mediterranean orchids: Should we protect the orchid hybrids or the orchid hybrid zones? S. COZZOLINO, A.M. NARDELLA, S. IMPAGLIAZZO (Italy), A.W IDMER (Switzerland), C. LEXER (UK) Seed longevity in terrestrial orchids - Potential for persistentin situ seed banks D.F. WHIGHAM, J.P. O’NEILL (USA), H.N. RASMUSSEN (Denmark), B.A. CALDWELL, M.K. McCORMICK (USA) A comparative analysis of decline in the distribution ranges of orchid species in Estonia and the United Kingdom T. KULL (Estonia), M.J. HUTCHINGS (UK) Relative effects of management and environmental conditions on performance and survival of populations of a terrestrial orchid, Dactylorhiza majalis ‘ ; P. JANECKOVA, K. WOTAVOVA, I. SCHODELBAUEROVA, J. JERSAKOVA, P. KINDLMANN (Czech Republic) Comparison of size vs. life-state classification in demographic models for the terrestrial orchid Cleistes bifaria : K.B. GREGG (USA), M. KERY (France) 59 Effects of disturbance on population dynamics of the threatened orchid Prasophyllum correctum D.L. Jones and implications for grassland management in south-eastern Australia F. COATES, I.D. LUNT, R.L. TREMBLAY (Australia) 70 Do epiphytic orchids behave as metapopulations? Evidence from colonization, extinction rates and asynchronous population dynamics R.L. TREMBLAY, E. MELENDEZ-ACKERMAN, D. KAPAN (USA) 82 Population decline in the epiphytic orchid Aspasia principissa ? G. ZOTZ (Switzerland), G. SCHMIDT (Germany) | Regular papers 91 Pollen-limited production of viable seeds in an endemic dwarf birch, Betula apoiensis, and incomplete reproductive barriersto a sympatric congener, B. ermanii T. NAGAMITSU, T. KAWAHARA, A. KANAZASHI (Japan) 100 Effects of Key deer herbivory on forest communities in the lower Florida Keys M.A. BARRETT, P. STILING (USA) 109 Fifty years of change in northern upland forest understories: Identity and traits of “winner” and “loser” plant species S.M. WIEGMANN, D.M. WALLER (USA) 124 The role of genetic mechanisms of sex determination in the survival of small populations of Silene littorea: A reintroduction experiment C. VILAS, C. GARCIA (Spain)