Biointensive Integrated Pest Management for Horticultural Crops Biointensive Integrated Pest Management for Horticultural Crops Chief Editor Anil Kumar Assistant Professor-cum-Scientist Department of Entomology Sugarcane Research Institute Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University Pusa-848125, Samastipur, Bihar, India Associate Editors Swati Saha Scientist ICAR-IARI Regional Station Pune, Maharashtra, India Jaipal Singh Choudhary Scientist ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region Research Centre, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India ® NEW INDIA PUBLISHING AGENCY New Delhi – 110 034 First published 2022 by CRC Press 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN and by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2022 selection and editorial matter, Anil Kumar et.al..; individual chapters, the contributors CRC Press is an imprint of Informa UK Limited The right of Anil Kumar et.al. to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. 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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record has been requested ISBN: 978-1-032-18908-6 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-003-25692-2 (ebk) DOI: 10.1201/9781003256922 Foreword Horticulture sector includes a wide range of crops namely fruit crops, vegetables crops, ornamental crops, medicinal and aromatic crops. It has improved economic status of farmers and increases the nutrient availability of human being. The horticultural crop production has become a key driver for economic development in many of the states in the country and it contributes 30.4 per cent to GDP of agriculture. Globally, India is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables. Though, India achieved self-sufficiency in food grain production, but still the country has not achieved self-sufficiency in production of horticultural crops. The challenge before the crop protection scientist is to increase yields from the existing land without harming the environment and resource base and to reduce losses caused by pests. The future strategies should, therefore, be carefully planned to sustain production with least disruption to the agro ecosystem. There has been an increasing demand to not only produce larger quantities, but also towards sustainable agriculture where products are simultaneously environmental friendly, socially fair and economically beneficial. This can be achieved by adopting eco­ friendly (Biointensive Integrated Pest management ) strategy. It includes ecological and economic development into agricultural design and decision making system and also addressing public concern about environmental quality and food safety. Biointensive Integrated Pest management strategy begins with steps to accurately diagnose the nature and source of pest problems, and then relies on a range of preventive tactics and biological controls to keep pest populations within acceptable limits. Reduced-risk pesticides are used if other tactics have not been adequately effective, as a last resort, and with care to minimize risks. In this context, the present book “Biointensive Integrated Pest Management for Horticultural Crops” edited by Dr. Anil Kumar as Chief Editor and Swati Saha, and Jaipal Singh Choudhary as Associate Editors, will be useful to teachers, researchers, students and extension workers. I hope this publication will be of great value to those who are engaged in growing horticultural crops. I appreciate the meticulous efforts of editors in bringing out such an useful publication. Date: 12.12.19 (S.P. Singh) Professor & Head Department of Entomology Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University Pusa-848 125, Samastipur, Bihar Preface In fact insect pest problem rapidly increases in current scenario due to changing climatic condition, indiscriminate use of insecticides which leads to decrease biodiversity of natural enemies and effect on human being. There is a need of hour to create awareness for promoting environmentally sustainable horticultural production. The book, Biointensive Integrated Pest Management for Horticultural Crops has been planned with chapters and the scope of each chapter has been specified by the author. The book deals with the most recent biointensive integrated approaches utilizing components such as bioagents, botanicals and microbial pesticides, physical and mechanical methods, cultural methods such as crop rotation, summer ploughing, intercropping, pruning, mulching, spacing, planting date, trap cropping, etc., biorational chemicals and tolerant cultivars. It is our great pleasure to express our sincere thanks to the publisher, New India Publishing Agency for producing this book in a systemic way with quality within a period of time. It is earnestly hoped that the book will be a useful reading to all those who are interested in Biointensive Integrated Pest Management for Horticultural Crops. We request all the readers for rendering valuable suggestions for future improvement of this edition. Date: 12.12.2019 Anil Kumar Chief Editor Contents Foreword ................................................................................................... v Preface ..................................................................................................... vii List of Contributors .................................................................................. xi Introduction 1. Scope and Importance of Horticultural Crops .............................. 1 Swati Saha, Udit Kumar, Tarak Nath Saha and Kavya Shree 2. Biointensive Integrated Pest Management................................13 Anil Kumar and S.K. Sahoo Fruit Crops 3. Biointensive Integrated Pest Management of Litchi.................23 Jaipal Singh Choudhary, Kuldeep Srivastav and Bikash Das 4. Biointensive Integrated Pest Management of Citrus................39 Manish Chandra Mehta, Ingle Dipak Shyamrao and M. Raghuraman 5. Biointensive Integrated Pest Management of Banana..............57 Fouzia Bari and S.K. Senapati 6. Biointensive Integrated Pest Management of Pomegranate ....67 Sandeep Kumar, Priyanka Kumawat and Ponnusamy N. 7. Biointensive Integrated Pest Management of Papaya...............79 Nagendra Kumar, Sandeep Kumar and Priyanka Kumawat 8. Biointensive Integrated Pest Management of Guava................93 Beer Bahadur Singh 9. Biointensive Integrated Pest Management of Mango.............101 Gundappa Baradevanal and Kumarnag K.M.