A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF LATER HAN TO THE THREE KINGDOMS (23-220 AD) HANDBOOK OF ORIENTAL STUDIES HANDBUCH DER ORIENTALISTIK SECTION FOUR CHINA edited by S.F. TEISER. M. KERN VOLUME NINETEEN A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF LATER HAN TO THE THREE KINGDOMS (23-220 AD) A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF LATER HAN TO THE THREE KINGDOMS (23-220 AD) BY RAFE DE CRESPIGNY LEIDEN € BOSTON 2007 .noitadnuoF ouk-gnihC gnaihC eht morf dia laicnanif htiw dehsilTbup neeb sah koob sih rarbiLfo y ataD noitacilgnoCbuP-ni-gnigolataC sser .efa R,yngipser Ced goi BAranoitci Dlacihparf oyefa Ry b /).D. A022-32 (smodgni Kee Teh to tna HretrhaL .yngipser Ced . cm. (cid:132) (Handbook ofp. 19 =, Section 4, China, ISSN 0169-9520 ; vOriental studies )kitsilatneirO red hcubdnaH .xedni dna secnegoilrefebib sedulcnIr lacihpar ISBN-13: 978-90-04-15605-0 dback : alk. paper)ISBN-10: 90-04-15605-4 (har elti T. I.seiranoitciD-ygoiB(cid:132).hparD. A022-.C. B20 2,ytsanyrotsiH(cid:132)anih C.1 dnaH-y DS748.15D4 2006 931(cid:144).040922(cid:132)dc22 2006051682 ISSN 0169-9520 ISBN-13: 978 90 04 15605 0 ISBN-10: 90 04 15605 4 T,nedie L,sdnalrehte Nehkjilkninopo C'V Nllir Be Ky b700 2thgiry oninklijkates the imprints Brill,Ke Brill NV incorpor fohji Nsunitra M,fsrehsilbu PCD I,gnihsilbu PietoH.PS Vdn asrehsilbuP All rightse srerved. No part of tlhiicsa tpiuobn may bee ropdruced, atnrslated, steodr in ae trrieval system, or atnrsmitted in anyo rfm ory ban,y, emleeacnotsnric mheacnical, photocopying,e crdoirng or otherw,i sweithout prior written per.mission ofmr ltihseh eprub pocotoh po tnoitazirohtuAretn irodedivo fsmet iy gs ies ulanosr pllir By bdetnarre pr olan ,ltceri ddia pe To tyr asee fetairpo aeh ttahtrpppo Cehretne Cecnarael Cthgiry .AS U,3291 0A Mseso R222vna D,01 9etiu S,revir Ddoowe .egnahc ot tcejbus era seeF sdnalrehten eht ni detnirp v fection and respect toDedicated with af HANS BIELENSTEIN a great scholar and an inspiring teacher vi vii ABLE OF CONTENTST Introduction ix Short History of the Later Han Dynasty A xvi Chronology of Later Han xxviii wo Han Dynasties TThe Emperors of the able 1: T xxxii The Imperial Inheritance of Later Han able 2: T xxxiv omen of Later Han WBiographies of Men and 1 ables TGenealogical 1861 u of Nanyang Yable 3: Summary of the Lineage of Deng T 1861 oufufeng Yable 4: Summary of the Dou Family of T 1871 Anding able 5: Summary of the Liang Family of T 1881 oufufeng Yable 6: Summary of the Ma Family of T 1891 oufufeng Yable 7: Summary of the Geng Family of T 1901 ang Family of Hongnong Yable 8: Summary of the T 1911 uan Family of Runan Yable 9: Summary of the T 1921 Provinces and Commandery Units of Later Han 1931 Administrative Structure of Later Han An Outline of the 1216 itles and English Language Renderings TChinese 1236 Bibliographies Early Sources 1242 orks WModern 1247 orks of Later Han WLiterary and Scholarly 1255 General Index 1267 List of Styles 1287 omen WNotable Experiences of 1302 Maps AD The Northern Steppe in 90 Map 1: 1308 estern Regions during the Later Han Period WThe Map 2: 1309 The Later Han Empire Map 3: AD c. 140 1310 viii INTRODUCTION ix INTRODUCTION for possible be might it that suggested University Cambridge of Loewe Michael colleague and friend my 1994 In engaged already was he one the to companion a as serve to Han Later of dictionary biographical a prepare to me on for the . Former His Han compilation dynastywas published by in 2000 as ABiographical Dictionary of the Qin, Former Han and Xin Periods (221 BC-AD 24); the present work is intended to serve in tandem. WORKTHE THE SCOPE OF Following Dr Loewe’s plan, it was agreed that the dictionary should attempt to provide an account of every person recorded as having lived under Later Han , orin the case of non-Chinese people, in relationship to its The dynastic period government. is dated from the proclamation of , Liu Xuan !˚B¯, the Gengshi 65)(cid:12) Emperor in 23, and concludes with the abdication of Liu Xie !˚"(cid:149), Emperor Xian AD.B…-^, in 220 There are some problems of demarcation at the beginning and the end of this nominal period. For the (cid:147)rst, we adopted the rule of thumb that if a person was identi(cid:147)ed as a subject ang of Mang, Whis/her details would included be would they , dynastyHan restored the with dealt or served they If volume. earlier the by provided be i Yang Was men such general in but overlaps, some course of are There here. and Mang ang Wserved who B(cid:204)_(cid:210), died with him in 23, has a biography only in Dr Loewe’s compilation, while Guo Qin ‘.:~, who surrendered to , appears also here.fed by the Gengshi EmperorHan and was enfeof The last years of the dynasty present greater problems. Liu Xie held title as emperor from the middle of 189 until his abdication in favour of Cao Pi 6:(cid:29)V and the ei empire j(cid:144) of 1 on WDecember 1220, but he never controlled the government, and his reign saw thirty years of division and con(cid:148)ict between contending warlords. Much of Sanguo zhi (cid:29)J&L/(cid:24), "The Record of the Three Kingdoms," deals with events which took place before the end of Han, and Cao Cao 6:4(cid:14), one of the great (cid:147)gures of that romantic age and the founder of the state of ei, remained a subject of the dynasty until his death.W It is in these circumstances that the reference to the Three Kingdoms appears in the title of this work, and I have sought to deal with every person recorded as having made his or her mark on history up to 220. Many they but , yearthat before born been have to assumed be can or known are AD century third the of (cid:147)gures leading f date.are not normally given an entry unless they played a role in events up to that cut-of It may be observed that the number of people dealt with is more than that for Dr Loewe’s volume. His contained six thousand entries; this has more than eight thousand. Material for the history of Qin, Han and Xin gely is contained larwithin the standard histories Shi ji #3YY and Han shu >c69, but Later Han produced a great number of ancillary writings, such as family and local histories, many of which have survived in whole or in part, while the vast majority of stele from the Han period were composed AD. and carved in the second century .I discuss this matter further in the section on sources below THE ENTRIES OF TFORMA Where possible, information at the beginning of each entry is provided as follows: Surname )(cid:20) name personal + xing #N ming, style *(cid:152) brackets], [in zi brackets), (in death and birth of years followed by commandery unit of registration; Sample: oufufeng.YBan Gu C.&; [Mengjian *(cid:160)’F] (32-92); Where a personal name is not known, but the style is, the style is presented in brackets; Sample: Gongsun [Boda] ›*‹(cid:30)p_z. Where a surname is unknown or uncertain, or where both the personal name and the style are unknown, this is indicated; Samples: Guo ‘. [personal name unknown]