BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ETHYLENE PRODUCTION IN LOWER AND HIGHER PLANTS ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY For a list of volumes in this series see final ptlge of this volume. Biochemical and Physiological Aspects of Ethylene Production in Lower and Higher Plants Proceedings of a Conference held at the Limburgs Universitair Centrum, Diepenbeek, Belgium, 22-27 August 1988 edited by H. CLIJSTERS Department SBM, Limburgs Universitair Centrum, Diepenbeek, Belgium M. DE PROFT Faculty of Agriculture, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium R. MARCELLE Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Opzoekingsstation van Gorsem, Sint-Truiden, Belgium and M. VAN POUCKE Department SBM, Limburgs Universitair Centrum, Diepenbeek, Belgium KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Biochemical and physiological aspects of ethylene production in lower and higher plants: proceedirigs of a conference held at the Limburgs Universitair Centrum. Diepenbeek. Belgium. 22-27 August 1988 edited by H. Clijsters ... let al.l. p. em. -- (Advances in agricultural biotechnology) Sponsored by Nationaal Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk. Brussels and others. Includes bibliographies and index. ISBN-13: 978-94-010-7065-2 (U. S. ) e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-1271-7 DO I: 10.1007/978-94-009-1271-7 1. Ethylene--Synthesis--Congresses. 2. Ethylene--Metabolism- -Congresses. 3. Plants--Development--Congresses. I. Clijsters. H. II. Fonds national de la recherche scientifique (Belgium) III. Series. QK898.E8B56 1989 581.19' 27--dc 19 89-2346 ISBN-13 :978-94-010-7065-2 Sponsored by: Nationaal Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Brussels Ministerie van Onderwijs, Brussels Instituut tot Aanrnoediging van het Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek in Nijverheid en Landbouw, Brussels Limburgs Universitair Centrum, Diepenbeek Katholieke Universiteit van Leuven Opzoekingsstation van Gorsem, Sint-Truiden Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P,O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates the publishing programmes of D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W, Junk and MTP Press, Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U,S.A, In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands. All Rights Reserved © 1989 by Kluwer Academic Publishers Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1989 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. PREFACE With the demonstration of the "triple response" in plants by Neljubow at the turn of the century, ethylene has been identified as a substance specifically affecting plant growth. Yet it took a few more decades to show that ethylene is a naturally occurring product of plants having all the characteristics of a phytohormone. Ever since much effort has been devoted to a wide variety of physiological and biochemical problems relevant to ethylene. A first meeting was organized in Israel in 1984 to bring together many people active in this rapidly expanding field of experimental research. It is the aim of the present symposium to provide once more a forum at which researchers might expose and comment progress in their work over the last few years. Speakers were invi ted and their contri buti ons ordered ina number of sessions, each of which was centered on a particular topiC. Much of the benefit came from ensuing discussion sessions which were conducted with much competence and expertise by Anderson, Ben-Arie, Goren, Morgan and Osborne. All of these colleagues are recognized leaders in ethylene research today and the organizers owe a very special gratitude to them for their substantial contribution to the programme. It is well to remember the friendly atmosphere, so essential to the success of the whole meeting and so much enjoyed by every partiCipant. Prompt publi ca tion of the papers was made possi ble by the camera-ready procedure offered by the publisher. The authors received detailed instructions as to how prepare the form of their paper. Therefore each author has the entire responsibility for the look as well as the content of his paper. The index was compiled by the organizers and must necessarily reflect their subjectivity to a certain extent. The Limburgs Uni versi tair Centrum offered hospi tali ty to this meeting. Words of welcome were spoken by Professor dr. L. Verhaegen, rector. Dr. D.J. Osborne gave the inaugural address. The organizers are grateful to all the sponsors of this symposium for their support. H. Clijsters, M. De Proft, R. Marcelle, M. Van Poucke v TO THE MEMORY OF PROFESSOR DR. HENK VEEN 22 october 1933 - 10 june 1988 Dr. Veen was one of the colleagues whose expert advice was reques'ted by the organi zers in 1987 to plan the si ze and the programme of this meeting. His prompt response with valuable suggestions and his intention to contribute with a paper demonstrated his interest in this symposium. Dr. Veen passed away about two months before the meeting. Henk Veen studied biology at Utrecht University and graduated in 1958 in general botany. He was appointed to the Centre of Plant Physiological Research in Wageningen, where he started his research on hormonal regulation of plant growth and development. A stay as a research associate in the laboratory of Professor W.P. Jacobs, Department of Biology at Princeton University USA, awakened his interest in the process of plant senescence. This led him into the field of research on postharvest physiology applied to horticultural produce and to the study of silver thiosulphate as an anti -ethylene agent. Dr. Veen was an active member of several national and international scientific societies; frequently he held an executive function. He was one of the founders of the Federation of European Societies of Plant Physiology (FESPP) and was its treasurer until 1986. In 1987 he was nominated professor in phytogerontology at the Agricultural University of Wageningen. The opening of the Symposium was marked by a commemoration of Professor Dr. Veen's personality and scientific career, presented by Dr. De Stigter. All the participants of the symposium surely will keep Henk Veen in good memory and herewith express their deeply felt sympathy with his family, colleagues and students. The Organizers vii CONTENTS D.J. Osborne, Inaugural Address: The control role of ethylene in in plant growth and development •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• M.S. Spencer: Ethylene analysis - Tricks played by plants......... 13 ETHYLENE METABOLISM 21 P. John, T. Mitchell, A. Razdan and P. Ververidis : Characterization of the ethylene-forming enzyme in vivo and in vitro................ 23 J.-C. Pech, M. Bouzayen, G. Alibert and A. Latche : Subcellular localization of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid metabolism in plant cells......................................................... 33 S. Satoh and S.F. Yang: S-adenosylmethionine-dependent inactivation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase isolated from tomato frui ts. . . . . . . . ..... ... . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . .. .. . . .... .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . 41 J.D. Anderson, J.F.D. Dean, H.R. Gamble and A.K. Mattoo : Induction and characterization of the ethylene biosynthesis-inducing xylanase produced by the fungus Trichoderma viride.......................... 49 Y. Fuchs, A. Saxena, H.R. Gamble and J.D. Anderson: The nature of an ethylene biosynthesis-inducing factor found in cellulysin........... 57 A.M. Matheussen, M.P. De Proft and J.A. De Greef : The influence of oxygen concentration on ethylene production and the content of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and 1-malonylaminocyclo propane-1-carboxylic acid (MACC) in etiolated Phaseolus vulgaris seedlings..... ..•••. . .•.... ......•. ..•..... ....••.••........ .•...•.• 65 Y. Esashi and K. Ishizawa : Oxygen-independent ethylene action in cocklebur seed germination in relation to osmoregulation............ 73 S. Lurie, R.Ben-Arie and M. Faust : Ethylene, S-cyanoalanine synthase and cyanide insensitive respiration in ripening apples: the effect of calcium.......................................................... 81 REGULATION OF ETHYLENE ACTION AND PRODUCTION 91 D. Van Der Straeten, L. Van Wiemeersch, J. Van Damme, H. Goodman and M. Van Montagu : Purification and amino-acid sequence analysis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase from tomato peri carp 93 x Y. Liu, X. Hua and L. Guo: Effect of 2,5-Norbornadiene on the ripening and the production of ethylene in tomato frui ts................... •• 101 H. Veen and J.H.M. Overbeek : The action of silver thiosulphate in carnation petals ••••••••••••••••••..••••..••••••••••••••.•••••••••.• 109 R.N. Arteca : Hormonal induction of ACC synthase ••••••••••••••••••••••• 119 S. Philosoph-Hadas, S. Meir, E. Pesis, A. Reuveni and N. Aharoni : Hor mone-enhanced ethylene production in leaves •••••••••••••••••••••••.• 135 M. Vendrell and M. Dominguez : Effect of auxins on ethylene biosynthesis in banana frui t. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • •• • • • •• 143 J. Riov and S.F. Yang: Ethylene and auxin-ethylene interaction in adventitious root formation in mung bean cuttings ••••••••••••••.••.• 151 O. Sagee, R. Goren and J. Riov : Ethylene induced changes in auxin metabolism in citrus leaf tissues •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••• 157 R. Ben-Arie, Y. ROisman, Y. Zuthi and A. Blumenfeld: Gibberellic acid reduces sensi ti vi ty of persimmon frui ts to ethylene................. 163 E. Sfakiotakis, G. Stavroulakis, P. Ververidis and D. Gerasopoulos Induction of autocatalytic ethylene production and ripening by propylene in "Hayward" ki wifrui t....... ••••••••••••••••••••• ••• ••••• 173 ETHYLENE AND STRESS 179 J.D. Klein Ethylene biosynthesis in heat-treated apples.............. 184 R.J. Field and P.M. Barrowclough : Temperature-induced changes in ethylene production and implications for post-harvest physiology .... 191 J. Metzidakis and E. Sfakiotakis : The control of autocatalytic ethylene production and ripening in avocado fruit by temperature, high carbon dioxide and low oxygen •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 201 A. Kacperska and M. Kubacka-Zebalska : Stress ethylene metabolism as related to degree of tissue inj ury .................................. 211 L. Gora and H. Clijsters : Effect of copper and zinc on the ethylene metabolism in Phaseolus vulgaris L. 219 H. Hyodo, H. Fujinami, E. Okada and T. Mochizuki: Wound-induced ethylene production and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase in mesocarp tissue of Cucurbi ta maxima..................... 229 W.R. Martin, Jr., P.W. Morgan, W.L. Sterling, C.M. Kenerley and R.W. Meola: Stress ethylene production in a plant-insect-microbe system 237 xi L.A.C.J. Voesenek and C.W.P.M. Blom : Ethylene and flooding responses of Rumex speci es • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 245 P. Spanu and T. Boller : Ethylene biosynthesis in tomato infected by Phytophthora infestans............................................. 255 ETHYLENE AND DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESSES 261 E.J. Woltering and F. Harren: Early changes in ethylene production during senescence of carnation and Phalaenopsis flowers measured by laser photoacollstlc detection.................................. 263 B. Grodzinski and L. Woodrow : Ethylene and carbon dioxide exchange in leaves and whole plants........................................ 271 J. Weckx and M. Van Poucke : The effect of white light on the ethylene biosynthesis of intact green seedlings................... 279 J. Vangronsveld and M. Van Poucke : The effect of red light on the ethylene biosynthesis of intact etiolated seedlings............... 291 T. Gaspar, C. Kevers, H. Bouillenne, Y. Maziere and J.-P. Barbe: Ethylene production in relation to rose micropropagation through axillary budding.................................................. 303 J.A. De Greef, M.P. De Proft, O. Mekers, R. Van Dijck, L. Jacobs and L. Philippe Floral induction of bromeliads by ethylene.......... 313 M.C. Drew, C.-J. He and P.W. Morgan: Ethylene synthesis and sensitivity in the formation of aerenchyma in response to deficiencies of Nand P in roots of Zea mays...................... 323 M.J. Jaffe and L. Lineberry : The role of ethylene in the control of stem pi thiness........... •••. . . ••••••. ••••• . •••• . .••••• .• •••••••.• 331 L.M.C. Stange: Contrary effects of ethylene and ACC on cell growth in the liverwort Riella helicophylla................................. 341 INDEX. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 349