Bioarchaeology and Behavior Bioarchaeological Interpretations of the Human Past: Local, Regional, and Global Perspectives University Press of Florida Florida A&M University, Tallahassee Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton Florida Gulf Coast University, Ft. Myers Florida International University, Miami Florida State University, Tallahassee New College of Florida, Sarasota University of Central Florida, Orlando University of Florida, Gainesville University of North Florida, Jacksonville University of South Florida, Tampa University of West Florida, Pensacola Detailed map of Cyprus TURKEY Domuztepe St. George’s Hill Polis Kalavassos Alassa See detailed map Maroni SYRIA Nicosia MediterraneanCYPBReUirSutLEBANON Damascus EuphratesRiverTigrisRiver Baghdad IRAN Sea El WWad JerKTueesl bAaavleeeirvvvmaELDeaadd SeeaJJordan RiveerrBaAbm emdhaJn-ODDRhDraAN IRAQ Kish A R EGYPT S I Faynan KUWAAIITT Persian SAUDI ARABIA Gulf N Red Sea 0 250 500 km Bioarchaeology and Behavior The People of the Ancient Near East Edited by Megan A. Perry Foreword by Clark Spencer Larsen University Press of Florida Gainesville · Tallahassee · Tampa · Boca Raton Pensacola · Orlando · Miami · Jacksonville · Ft. Myers · Sarasota Copyright 2012 by Megan A. Perry All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America. This book is printed on Glatfelter Natures Book, a paper certified under the standards of the Forestry Stewardship Council (FSC). It is a recycled stock that contains 30 percent post-consumer waste and is acid-free. This book may be available in an electronic edition. Frontispiece: Map of the sites reported on in this volume. 17 16 15 14 13 12 6 5 4 3 2 1 Cataloging-in-publication data is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-0-8130-4229-9 The University Press of Florida is the scholarly publishing agency for the State University System of Florida, comprising Florida A&M University, Florida Atlantic University, Florida Gulf Coast University, Florida International University, Florida State University, New College of Florida, University of Central Florida, University of Florida, University of North Florida, University of South Florida, and University of West Florida. University Press of Florida 15 Northwest 15th Street Gainesville, FL 32611-2079 http://www.upf.com Dedicated to one of the pioneers of Near Eastern bioarchaeology, Donald Ortner (1939–2012) Contents List of Figures / ix List of Tables / xi Foreword / xiii Introduction / 1 Megan A. Perry and Jane E. Buikstra 1. On the Tail End of Variation in Late Neolithic Burial Practices: Halaf Feasting and Cannibalism at Domuztepe, Southeastern Anatolia / 8 Suellen C. Gauld, James S. Oliver, Sarah Whitcher Kansa, and Elizabeth Carter 2. An Exploration of Infant Burial Practices at the Site of Kish, Iraq / 35 Christina Torres-Rouff and William J. Pestle 3. The Burial Customs of Early Christian Cyprus: A Bioarchaeological Approach / 60 Sherry C. Fox, Ioanna Moutafi, Eleni Anna Prevedorou, and Despo Pilides 4. A Bioarchaeological Perspective on the Burials and Basilicas of Medieval Polis, Cyprus / 80 Brenda J. Baker and Amy Papalexandrou 5. Condemned to Metallum? Illuminating Life at the Byzantine Mining Camp at Phaeno in Jordan / 115 Megan A. Perry, Drew S. Coleman, David L. Dettman, and Abdel Halim al-Shiyab 6. Food for Thought: Isotopic Evidence for Dietary and Weaning Practices in a Byzantine Urban Monastery in Jerusalem / 138 Lesley A. Gregoricka and Susan G. Sheridan 7. Buccal Dental Microwear as an Indicator of Dietary Habits of the Natufian People of El-Wad and El-Kebarah / 165 Mohammad Alrousan and Alejandro Pérez-Pérez 8. Daily Activity and Lower Limb Modification at Bab edh-Dhra᾿, Jordan, in the Early Bronze Age / 180 Jaime M. Ullinger, Susan G. Sheridan, and Donald J. Ortner List of Contributors / 203 Index / 207 Figures 1.1. Location of Domuztepe / 10 1.2. Contour map of Domuztepe showing major areas of excavation / 11 1.3. F1143 skull burial in situ / 17 1.4. F1143 skull burial reconstruction showing blunt force trauma / 17 1.5. Blunt force trauma on right side of cranium 2626.1 / 21 1.6. Internal vault release of cranium 2626.1 / 21 1.7. Butchery damage in the Death Pit human assemblage: percussion scars on proximal femur shaft fragment (2632.2) / 22 1.8. Cut marks on the sciatic notch of innominate (pelvis) fragment (3134.0.5) / 23 1.9. Pot polish on fractured end of femur fragment (2650.0.49) / 24 1.10. Shallow tooth marks accompanied by depressed fractures on 1st metacarpal (2629.9.2) / 25 2.1. Map of Kish / 39 2.2. FM192464 infant skeleton / 45 2.3. Neo-Babylonian infant burial in bowl / 46 4.1. Plan of Polis / 81 4.2. Aerial view of the E.F2 excavation area / 85 4.3. Cist tomb in the E.F2 cemetery / 86 4.4. Aerial view of partially excavated E.G0 basilica / 88 4.5. Burial 34 in the E.G0 narthex / 91 4.6. Burial 34A / 92 4.7. Burial 37 in the E.G0 basilica / 95 4.8. Trauma in an older man from E.G0:g11 Tomb 1 / 106