www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADU BIO-ZOOLOGY HIGHER SECONDARY FIRST YEAR VOLUME - I Untouchability is Inhuman and a Crime A publication under Free Textbook Programme of Government of Tamil Nadu Department Of School Education http://www.trbtnpsc.com/2018/05/tamilnadu-scert-new-school-books-and-ebooks-download-from-text-books-online.html www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com Government of Tamil Nadu First Edition - 2018 NOT FOR SALE Content Creation The wise possess all State Council of Educational Research and Training © SCERT 2018 Printing & Publishing Tamil NaduTextbook and Educational Services Corporation www.textbookso nline.tn.nic.in II http://www.trbtnpsc.com/2018/05/tamilnadu-scert-new-school-books-and-ebooks-download-from-text-books-online.html www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com CONTENTS BIO-ZOOLOGY UNIT I Chapter 1 The Living World 01 Chapter 2 Kingdom Animalia 18 UNIT II Chapter 3 Tissue Level of Organisation 49 Chapter 4 Organ and Organ Systems in Animals 64 UNIT III Chapter 5 Digestion and Absorption 98 Chapter 6 Respiration 120 Chapter 7 Body Fluids and Circulation 142 E-book DIGI links Lets use the QR code in the text books ! How ? • Download the QR code scanner from the Google PlayStore/ Apple App Store into your smartphone • Open the QR code scanner application • Once the scanner button in the application is clicked, camera opens and then bring it closer to the QR code in the text book. • Once the camera detects the QR code, a url appears in the screen.Click the url and goto the content page. III http://www.trbtnpsc.com/2018/05/tamilnadu-scert-new-school-books-and-ebooks-download-from-text-books-online.html www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com Conceptual picture with caption relating to every chapter is given in this text book. STROKE VOLUME IS DEPENDENT ON VENOUS RETURN Chapter Outline Presents a complete overview of the chapter Goals to transform the classroom processes into Learning Objectives: learner centric with a list of bench marks Amazing facts, Rhetorical questions to lead students to biological inquiry Note: Additional inputs to content is provided Directions are provided to students to conduct activities Activity in order to explore, enrich the concept. Infographics Visual representation of the lesson to enrich learning . HOW TO USE THE BOOK Superfluous information about a personality or day to day life experience relating to the content To motivate the students to further explore the content digitally and take them to virtual world ICT To enhance digital Science skills among students Concept Map Conceptual diagram that depicts relationships between concepts to enable students to learn the content schematically Glossary Explanation of scientifi c terms Evaluation Assess students to pause, think and check their understanding Career corner List of professions particular to that chapter References List of related books for further details of the topic Web links List of digital resources (cid:42)V http://www.trbtnpsc.com/2018/05/tamilnadu-scert-new-school-books-and-ebooks-download-from-text-books-online.html www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com private ologist, dna lanoitaN ni sessertuuotict sentai rloevtceol Det adtSna noitaudarg tsoP n ur d iNe Zoology Professions and Scope for Future Studies Civil surgeon / Civil assistant surgeon in central and state govt hospitals ansector. Specialist in various medical fields like Cardiologist, Endocrinologist, Orthopedician, Paediatrician, Haematologist, Pathologist and Anaesthetist. ◉Cardiology ◉ Pulmonology ◉ Nephrology ◉ Diabetology ◉ Dermatology, ◉Anaesthesiology ◉ Ophthalmology ◉ Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Veterinary Surgeon/ Veterinary Assiatant Surgeon in central and state govt hospitals and in private sector). ◉Dairy Science◉Animal Biochemistry◉Dairy Technologisty◉Animal Biotechnology◉ Livestock Production Management◉ Animal Genetics and Breeding◉Animal Physiology ◉Animal Nutrition◉ Food Quality and ◉Bio-StatisticisSafety Assurance ◉Poultry Science◉ Indian Traditional Foods ◉Veterinary BacteriologyPreservation & Packaging ◉Veterinary Immunology (Agriculture Officer in state and central government service and other private employment oppurtunites )◉Agricultural Engineer◉Environmental Sciences◉ Fruit Sciences and ◉Agronomist◉BioinformaticsHorticultural Technology◉Plant Pathology◉Entomologist◉ Soil science & Agro Chemistry ◉ Nuclear Medicine Technician ◉NursingOccupational therapist◉Pharmacy◉Operation Theatre Technician◉Anaesthesia Technician◉Ophthalmic Assistant◉Cardiac Technician◉Physiotherapst◉Dental Mechanic◉Radiographic Assistant◉Health Inspector◉Radiotherapy Technician◉Medical Imaging & Technician◉Rehabilitation Technician◉Medical Lab Techician◉Respiratory Therapy Technician◉Medical X-ray Technican◉Blood Transfusion Technician Zoo keepers, Creators, Bird watchers in Airports and Lab Technician. BT.Assistant (Science teacher for secondary level) vice exams conducted by TNPSC, IBPS, NDA, CDS, SSC and RRB. Career options in Institutions ▶AIIMS, New Delhi▶JIPMER▶Government & Private Medical Colleges▶AFMC, AMU ▶State Veterinary Universities & Colleges ▶IARI, Delhi▶Agriculture Universities & Colleges ▶ All India Institutes of Medical Sci-ences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Jodhpur, Patna, Raipur, Rishikesh.▶JIPMER, Puducherry ▶ All Government & Private Medical Colleges Government Arts and Science Colleges in TamilNadu Regional Institute of Education (Mysore, Ajmeer, Bhopal,Bhuvaneswar), Shillong S, IFoS) and other central services &*Other ser P S, I Courses Medical course◉MBBS – Allopathy◉MD◉MS ◉BUMS – Unani◉BNYS _ Naturopathy◉BHMS – Homeopathy ◉ BDS _ Dental◉BAMS – Ayurveda ◉BSMS _ Siddha Veterinary Course◉B. V. Sc. (Bachelor of Veterinary Sciences) Agri Courses◉B. Sc. (Agriculture)◉B. Tech (Agriculture)◉B. Sc. (Horticulture)◉B. Sc. (Forestry)◉B. Sc. (Sericulture)◉B. F. Sc. (Bachelor of Fisheries Sciences) Para Medical courses◉B. Sc. (Nursing)◉B. Sc. (Trauma Care Management)◉B. Pharm, D. Pharm◉BPT (Bachelor of Physiotherapy)◉BOT (Bachelor of Occupational Therapy)◉B. Optom. (Bachelor of Optometry) General Courses◉B.Sc. Food Technology◉B.Sc. Zoology◉B.Sc. Dairy Technology◉B.Sc. Dietician & Nutritionist◉B.Sc. Mass Communication◉B.Sc. Sericulture◉B.Sc. Multimedia◉B.Sc. Oceanography◉B.Sc. 3D Animation◉B.Sc. Forensic Sciences Bachelor of Science and Education (BSc, B.Ed)M.phil in Education IDGC Ph.D *Civil Service Exams for all india services (IA V http://www.trbtnpsc.com/2018/05/tamilnadu-scert-new-school-books-and-ebooks-download-from-text-books-online.html www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com dary level) nmetolo- mal mpanies, Zoology PG.Assistant (Zoology, teachers, professors in collegeslectures and universities higher secon Researchers in variegated subjects in zoology and life science, Scientist, Envirogyist, Dietician and Nutritionist Career opportunities in National Marine park and Marine Engineers ◉Lab Technician◉Nuclear Medicine◉Medical Imaging and techni-◉Health Inspectorcian◉Blood transfusion technician◉Respiratory therapy technician Professor, Research scholarScientist in University , Documentarist in National Geographic Channel, Aniclinics, National parks, Museum Fisheries and aquaculture Pharmaceuticl co(cid:66)animal trainers. xams stionsTentative Schedule Form out: Last week of Jan.Last Date: 1st week of MarchTest Date: 1st week of MayNegative Marking: +4/-1Marks: 720Forms Available: Online Form out: Mid JanLast Date: Mid FebTest Date: Mid MayNegative Marking: +1/- 1/3 rdMarks: 200Forms Available: Online Form out: Last week of MarchLast Date: 1st week of MayTest Date: 1st week of JuneNegative Marking: NilMarks: 800Forms Available: Online E e Career options in Master of science and Education (MSc, B.Ed)Regional Institute of Education (Mysore, Ajmeer, Bhopal,Bhuvaneswar) Master of science in ZoologyGovernment arts and science colleges in TamilNadu - Madras University Master of science in Marine ZoologyNational institute of Oceanography▶Andhra University(Visakhapatnam)▶Anna University (Chennai)▶ Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar MarathwadaUniversity Marine Research Laboratory(Maharashtra)▶ Bharathidasan University (Tiruchirappalli) Master of science in zoology with ▶ Co-operative institute of health sciencespecialization in Medical Microbiology(Kerala)▶ Dolphin institute of Bio-Medical andNatural Science (Dehradun)▶Himalayan University (ArunachalPradesh) Master of philosophy and Ph.D in Zoology▶(cid:52)(cid:85)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:1)(cid:54)(cid:79)(cid:74)(cid:87)(cid:70)(cid:83)(cid:84)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:70)(cid:84)(cid:1) Medicine Related Entrance ExamSelection Process & Test PatternNo. of Qu NEETPhysics45www.aipmt.nic.inChemistry45Time: 3 HoursBiology90Timing: NATotal Questions180Mode: Pen and Paper AIIMS60PhysicsAll India Institute of Medical Sciences60Chemistrywww.aiimsexams.org60Biology20Time: 3.5 HoursGKTiming : NA200Total questionsMode: Computer based JIPMERPhysics60ChemistryJawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate60Medical Education & ResearchBiology60www.jipmer.edu.inLogic & Quantitative10ReasoningTime: 2.5 Hours10Timing: NAEnglish Comprehension200Mode: Computer basedTotal Questions •The Details given above are tentative and have been prepared as per trends of previous years.•Please visit individual exam/institute website for exact details. VI http://www.trbtnpsc.com/2018/05/tamilnadu-scert-new-school-books-and-ebooks-download-from-text-books-online.html www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com IVRI (cid:2)(cid:3)MVSc(cid:2)(cid:3)BVSc & AH(cid:2)(cid:3)Animal Biochemistry(cid:2)(cid:3)Animal Biotechnology(cid:2)(cid:3)Animal Genetics and Breeding(cid:2)(cid:3)Animal Nutrition(cid:2)(cid:3)Bio-Statistics(cid:2)(cid:3)Epidemiology(cid:2)(cid:3)Livestock Economics(cid:2)(cid:3)Livestock Production and Management(cid:2)(cid:3)Livestock Products Technology(cid:2)(cid:3)Poultry Science(cid:2)(cid:3)Veterinary Bacteriology(cid:2)(cid:3)Veterinary Extension Education(cid:2)(cid:3)Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics(cid:2)(cid:3)Veterinary Immunology(cid:2)(cid:3)Veterinary Medicine(cid:2)(cid:3)Veterinary Parasitology(cid:2)(cid:3)Veterinary Pathology(cid:2)(cid:3)Veterinary Pharmacology(cid:2)(cid:3)Veterinary Physiology(cid:2)(cid:3)Veterinary Public Health(cid:2)(cid:3)Veterinary Surgery & Radiology(cid:2)(cid:3)Veterinary Virology National Diploma (cid:2)(cid:3)National Diploma in Animal Husband-ry (NDAH) Division of Animal Nutrition(cid:2)(cid:3)National Diploma in Animal Reproduc-tion (NDAR) Division of Animal Reproduction(cid:2)(cid:3)National Diploma in Veterinary Biological Products (NDBP) Division of Biological Products(cid:2)(cid:3)National Diploma in Equine Husband-ry, Medicine and Surgery (NDEHMS)(cid:2)(cid:3)National Diploma in Fodder and Feed Technology(NDFFT) Division of Animal Nutrition(cid:2)(cid:3)National Diploma in Meet and Meat Products Technology (NDMPT) Division of Livestock Products Technology(cid:2)(cid:3)National Diploma in Poultry Husband-ry (NDPH) CARI(cid:2)(cid:3)National Diploma in Preventive Veterinary Medicines (NDPVM) Div. of B & M ous National Institutes for Biologists SIDDHANDRI Undergraduate Courses (UG)PG programme in Siddha (cid:2)(cid:3)B.Tech. (Dairy Technology)(cid:2)(cid:3)Maruthuvam(cid:2)(cid:3)Gunapadam Postgraduate Courses (PG)(cid:2)(cid:3)Pura Maruthuvam (cid:2)(cid:3)Dairy Microbiology(cid:2)(cid:3)Varma Maruthuvam(cid:2)(cid:3)Dairy Chemistry(cid:2)(cid:3)Siddhar Yoga Maruthuvam(cid:2)(cid:3)Dairy Technology(cid:2)(cid:3)Kuzhandhai Maruthuvam(cid:2)(cid:3)Dairy Engineering(cid:2)(cid:3)Noi Nadal(cid:2)(cid:3)Animal Biochemistry(cid:2)(cid:3)Nanju Maruthuvam (cid:2)(cid:3)Animal Genetics & Breeding(cid:2)(cid:3)Livestock Production &PH.D PROGRAMME Management(cid:2)(cid:3)Maruthuvam(cid:2)(cid:3)Animal Nutrition(cid:2)(cid:3)Gunapadam(cid:2)(cid:3)Animal Physiology(cid:2)(cid:3)Sirappu Maruthuvam(cid:2)(cid:3)Dairy Economics(cid:2)(cid:3)Kuzhandai Maruthuvam(cid:2)(cid:3)Dairy Extension Education(cid:2)(cid:3)Noi Nadal(cid:2)(cid:3)Animal Biotechnology(cid:2)(cid:3)Nanju Maruthuvam(cid:2)(cid:3)Agronomy (Forage production)(cid:2)(cid:3)Animal Reproduction, Gynecology and Obstetrics(cid:2)(cid:3)Food Quality and Safety Assurance NIN ( Hyderabad) (cid:2)(cid:3)MSc (APPLIED NUTRITION) (cid:2)(cid:3)POST-GRADUATE CERTIFICATE COURSE IN NUTRITION PhD (cid:2)(cid:3)Veterinary BacteriologyBVSc & AH with Veterinary Gynaecology and ObstetricsB.V.Sc. & Master’s degree in Vet. Bacteriology/Vet. AH with Master's degree in concerned disciplineVirology/ Vet. Microbiology/ Vet. Public (cid:2)(cid:3)Veterinary ImmunologyBVSc & AH with Master’s Health/ Avian Diseases/ Vet. Immunolo-degree in Vet. Immunology or MVSc in Vet. Microbi-gy/Epidemiology/ Biotechnologyology/Virology/ Bacteriology/ Pathology/Biotechnol-Veterinary Extension EducationBVSc & ogy/Avian Diseases/Parasitology/ Animal Biochem-AH with Master’s degree in concerned istry with minor in Vet. Immunologydiscipline/ Vet. Medicine/ Vet. Gynaecol-(cid:2)(cid:3)Veterinary MedicineB.V.Sc.& AH with Master's ogy & Obstetrics/ Vet. Surgery/ Animal degree in concerned disciplineNutrition m (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:2)(cid:3) Fa JIPMER Undergraduate Courses (UG) (cid:2)(cid:3)M B B S(cid:2)(cid:3)B Sc Nursing(cid:2)(cid:3)B Sc Allied medical SciencesMicrobiology(cid:2)(cid:3)B.Sc. Medical Laboratory Technology(cid:2)(cid:3)B.Sc. Cardiac Laboratory Technology(cid:2)(cid:3)B.Sc. Dialysis Technology(cid:2)(cid:3)B.Sc. Neuro Technology(cid:2)(cid:3)B.Sc. Nuclear Medicine Technology(cid:2)(cid:3)B.Sc. Operation Theatre Technology(cid:2)(cid:3)B.Sc. Perfusion Technology(cid:2)(cid:3)B.Sc. Radiotherapy Technology(cid:2)(cid:3)BASLP (Bachelor in Audiology & Speech Language Pathology) (Collaboration with AIISH, Mysore. RCI approved) Postgraduate Courses (PG) (cid:2)(cid:3)General Surgery(cid:2)(cid:3)Obstetrics & Gynaecology(cid:2)(cid:3)Ophthalmology(cid:2)(cid:3)Orthopedic Surgery(cid:2)(cid:3)Oto-Rhino Laryngology (E.N.T.) IIT (Chennai) (cid:2)(cid:3)Biological Sciences - Dual Degree (BS & MS) (cid:2)(cid:3)Animal NutritionB.V.Sc.& AH with Master's degree in concerned discipline.(cid:2)(cid:3)Livestock Production and Manage-mentB.V.Sc.& AH with Master's degree in concerned discipline.(cid:2)(cid:3)Livestock Products TechnologyB.V.Sc.& AH with Master's degree in concerned discipline.(cid:2)(cid:3)Poultry ScienceB.V.Sc.& AH with Master's degree in concerned discipline. AIIMS Undergraduate Courses (UG) MBBS B.Sc Nursing (post Certificate) B.Sc. (Hons.) Nursing Paramedical Courses (PM) B.Sc. (Hons.) Opthalmic Techniques B.Sc. (Hons.) Medical Technology Postgraduate Courses (PG) M.D/M.S/M.D.S M.Ch. (5 year course) M.Sc. / M. Biotechnology IARI Undergraduate Courses (UG) Agricultural chemicals Agronomy Bioinformatics Entomology Horticulture Molecular biology and biotechnology Environmental sciences Plant pathology Plant genetic resources Nematology Microbiology (cid:2)(cid:3)Animal BiochemistryB.V.Sc.& AH with Master's degree in concerned discipline.(cid:2)(cid:3)Animal BiotechnologyBVSc & AH with Master’s degree in Biotechnolo-gy/ Animal Biotechnology/Animal Biochemistry/ Microbiology/ Immu-nology/ Virology(cid:2)(cid:3)Animal Genetics and BreedingBVSc & AH with Master’s degree in concerned discipline (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:2)(cid:3) (cid:2)(cid:3) VII http://www.trbtnpsc.com/2018/05/tamilnadu-scert-new-school-books-and-ebooks-download-from-text-books-online.html www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com http://www.trbtnpsc.com/2018/05/tamilnadu-scert-new-school-books-and-ebooks-download-from-text-books-online.html www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com UNUINTI TI I ChCahpatpetre 1r 1 The Living World The Living World Chapter Outline Chapter Outline 1.1. Diversity in the Living world 1.21. .1N. eeDdi vfoerrs Cityla isnsi ftihcea tLioivning world 1.31. .2T.a xNoeneodm fyo ra nCdla Ssysisftiecmataiotincs 1.41. .3T.h rTeaex Donoommayin asn odf Sliyfsetematics 1.51. .4T.a xTohnroeme iDc oHmiearinarsc ohfy life 1.61. .5N. oTmaexnocnloatmurice Hierarchy “Our task“ mOuurst t baesk t om…uesmt bber atoc…e aelml lbivriancge 1.71. .6C.o nNcoempte nofc lSaptuecreies creatures and thea wll hliovlien go fc nreaattuurree sa nadn dit tsh bee wauhtoyl.”e 1.81. .7T.o oClso nfocre psttu odfy S opfe Tciaexsonomy of natu—re Aanlbde ritts E bineastuetiyn.” — Albert Einstein 1.8. Tools for study of taxonomy Learning Objectives: have to depend on plants and animals for food. Animals are also used as source • Learns the importance of labour, in farming, as pets, and for of the living world and other economic benefits. Understanding its diversity animals and their unique characteristics, • Understands the need habitats, behaviour and evolutionary for classification relationships is very important. This • Creates an interest in systematics chapter deals with, diversity in the living and understands the importance world, need for classification, types of of taxonomy for classification of classification, taxonomical hierarchy, animals nomenclature and tools for studying taxonomy. • Knows the key rules of nomenclatures and their uses 1.1 Diversity in the Living All living forms co-exist with each other. World There are about 8.7 million species of animals which have been identified, Earth has numerous habitats with a wide named, described and classified. A study range of living organisms inhabiting reports that 86% of all species on the land them. Plants and animals are present in and 91% of those in the seas are yet to be almost all of the places, from polar ice discovered, described and catalogued. caps to volcanic hot springs, from shallow Though humans are placed in the top lagoons to the deepest oceans, from most position on the hierarchy, they tropical rain forests to dry and parched 1 http://www.trbtnpsc.com/2018/05/tamilnadu-scert-new-school-books-and-ebooks-download-from-text-books-online.html www.Padasalai.Net www.TrbTnpsc.com A new estimate of biodiversity on Earth (2017) 1% 0.4% 0.1% 4.1% 2.8% 7.3% 5.6% 7.4% 78% 0.02% 17.6% 90.5% 7.3% 4.9% 73.1 Wilson (1992) Mora et al (2011) Brenden et al (2017) Wilson (1992) Mora et al (2011) Brenden et al (2017) A traditional estimate of the An estimate based on An estimate based on the relative richness of diff erent groups of projected richness of diff erent projected richness of organisms based on numbers of groups of organisms. diff erent groups of organisms. described species. Animals Fungi Plants Protists Bacteria Newly Discovered Species Th reatened Species in India (2016) in India Platyhelminthes Crustaceas Amphibians Reptiles 1% 13% 2% Fishes Invertebrates 13% 31% Insects 40% Vertebrates Mammal Birds Reptiles Amphibian Fishes Invertebrates New Species Discovered in India (2016) Of the new animal species discovered in India, 258 are invertebrates and 55 vertebrates. As many as 97 species According to IUCN, 172 species of animals are considered of insects, 27 of fi shes, 12 species of amphibians, 10 of globally threatened in India or 2.9% of the world’s total Platyhelminthes, 9 of Crustacea and 6 of reptiles have been number of threatened species. discovered and described by scientists. Th ere are 61 species Th ese include 53 species of mammals, 69 birds, 23 reptiles of moths and butterfl ies (order Lepidoptera) and 38 of beetles and 3 amphibians, 2 fi shes and 22 invertebrates. (Coleoptera). 2 http://www.trbtnpsc.com/2018/05/tamilnadu-scert-new-school-books-and-ebooks-download-from-text-books-online.html