BEYOND COMMUNITARIANISM Also by Jack Demaine CONTEMPORARY lHEORIES IN lHE SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION (1981) Also by Harold Entwistle ANTONIO GRAMSCI: CONSERVATIVE SCHOOLING FOR RADICAL POLITICS (1979) CHILD-CENTRED EDUCATION (1970) CLASS, CULTURE AND EDUCATION (1978) EDUCATION, WORK AND LEISURE (1970) POLITICAL EDUCATION IN A DEMOCRACY (1971) Beyond Communitarianism Citizenship, Politics and Education Edited by Jack Demaine Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Loughborough University England and Harold Entwistle Professor of Education Concordia University Canada First published in Great Britain 1996 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-0-333-67744-5 ISBN 978-1-349-25207-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-25207-7 First published in the United States of America 1996 by ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC., Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 ISBN 978-0-312-16351-8 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Beyond communitarianism : citizenship, politics, and education / edited by Jack Demaine and Harold Entwistle. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-312-16351-8 (cloth) I. Citizenship-Study and teaching-Great Britain. 2. Communitarianism-Great Britain. 3. Educational sociology-Great Britain. 4. Great Britain-Politics and govemment-I979- I. Demaine, Jack. 11. Entwistle, Harold. LCI09I.B48 1996 370.1 1'5-<1c20 %-18827 CIP Selection and editorial matter © Jack Demaine and Harold Entwistle 1996 Chapters 1-12 © Macmillan Press Ltd 1996 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written pennission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written pennission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the tenns of any licence pennitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WI P 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I 05 04 03 02 01 00 99 98 97 96 Contents List of Tables Vll List of Contributors Vlll Introduction 1 I. Beyond Communitarianism: Citizenship, Politics and Education 6 Jack Demaine 2. Gender and Citizenship Rights 30 Elizabeth Kingdom 3. Identity, Culture and Environment: Education for Citizenship for the 21st Century 42 Rob Gilbert 4. Civic Education, Democracy and the English Political Tradition 64 Wilfred Carr and AnthoT!J Hartnett 5. Education for Citizenship and the National Curriculum 83 Ken Fogelman 6. Literacy, Citizenship and Education 92 Kenneth Levine 7. Ethnic Minorities, Citizenship and Education 114 Salty Tomlinson 8. Towards European Citizenship 131 Geoff Hoon 9. Political Citizenship, Activism and Socialist Beliefs 141 BrynJones 10. Citizenship, Welfare Rights and Local Government 163 Ruth Lister II. Citizenship and Disabled People: A Cause for Concern 179 Len Barton 12. Knowledge of Most Worth to Citizens 193 Harold Entwistle v VI Contents Bibliography 207 Index 221 List of Tables Page Table 4.1 The moral model of democracy 70 Table 4.2 The market model of democracy 71 Table 9.1 Most preferred Labour Party goals amongst active and non-active members and ex-members 152 Table 9.2 Support for common ownership (not necessarily nationalization) amongst active members, members, and ex-members 153 Table 9.3 Importance of various reasons for leaving the Party 156 Table 9.4 Importance of various reasons for reduced activity 157 vii List of Contributors Len Barton is Professor of Education at the University of Sheffield. His publications include Making Difficulties: Research and the Construction of SEN (with Peter Clough) (1995) and Disability and Society: Emerging Issues and Insights (1996). He is editor of a number of journals including, Disability and Society, the British Journal of Sociology of Education, and International Studies in Sociology of Education. Wilfred Carr is Professor of Education at the University of Sheffield. His publications include Becoming Critical (with Stephen Kemmis) (1985), Quality in Teaching (1989), For Education (1995) and Education and the Struggle for Democracy (with Anthony Hartnett) (1996). He is an editor of the journal Curriculum Studies. Jack Dem.aine is Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities at Loughborough University. His publications include Contemporary Theories in the Sociology of Education (1981). He is a member of the editorial board of International Studies in Sociology of Education. Harold Entwistle IS Professor of Education at Concordia University in Montreal. His publications include Antonio Gramsci: Conservative Schooling for Radical Politics (1979), Class, Culture and Education (1978), Political Education in a Democracy (1971), Education, U0rk and Leisure (1970) and Child-Centred Education (1970). Ken FogelDlan is Professor of Education and Director of the Centre for Citizenship Studies in Education at the University of Leicester. He contributed to the Speaker's Commission on Citizenship and his publications include, Citizenship in Schools (1991) and Developing Citizenship in the Curriculum (with Janet Edwards) (1993). Rob Gilbert is Associate. Professor in the School of Education at James Cook University, Townsville, Australia. His publications include Studying Society and Environment: A handbookfor teachers (1996). He is a contributor to the BritishJournal of Sociology of Education. Vlll List of Contributors lX Anthony Hartnett is Senior Lecturer in Education at the University of Liverpool. His publications include The Social Sciences in Education (1984), Education and Society Today (with Michael Naish) (1986), and Education and the Struggle for Democracy (with Wilfred Carr) (1996). He is an editor of the journal Curriculum Studies. Geoff Hoon is Labour Member of Parliament for Ashfield in England. He was a Member of the European Parliament from 1984 to 1994. He is a graduate of the University of Cambridge and has lectured in law at the University of Leeds and the University of Louisville. He is Vice-Chair of the Westminster Foundation for Democracy. BrynJones is Senior Lecturer in Sociology in the School of Social Sciences at the University of Bath. His publications include WiJrk and Employment in Europe (1995). Elizabeth KingdOID is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Sociology, Social Policy and Social Work Studies at the University of Liverpool. Her publications include WiJmen3- Rights and the Rights of Man (with Andre:Jean Arnaud) (1990) and What3- Wrong with Rights? Problems for Feminist Politics of Law (1991). She a member of the editorial board of Social and Legal Studies and Res Publica. Kenneth Levine is Lecturer in Sociology in the School of Social Studies at the University of Nottingham. His publications include The Social Context of Literacy (1986). Ruth Lister is Professor of Social Policy in the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities at Loughborough University. Her publica tions include The Exclusive Society: Citizenship and the Poor (1990) and WiJmens Economic Dependency and Social Security (1992). She is a member of a number of editorial boards including the Journal of Social Welfare Law and the journal Benefits. Sally TOlDlinson is Professor of Educational Policy and Manage ment at Goldsmiths College, University of London. Her publica tions include The School Effect: A Stutfy of Multiracial Comprehensives (with David Smith) (1989), Multicultural Education in White Schools (1990), and Ethnic Relations and Schooling: Policy and Practice in the 1990s (with Maurice Craft) (1995).