Title Pages Between the Empires: Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE Patrick Olivelle Print publication date: 2006 Print ISBN-13: 9780195305326 Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: October 2011 DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195305326.001.0001 Title Pages (p.i) Between the Empires (p.iii) Between the Empires (p.iv) Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2006 by The South Asia Institute at the University of Texas Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Page 1 of 2 Title Pages Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Between the empires : society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE / edited by Patrick Olivelle. p. cm. — (South Asia research) Papers of a conference held at the University of Texas, South Asia Institute Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13 978-0-19-530532-6 1. India—social conditions—To 1200—Congresses. I. Olivelle, Patrick. II. South Asia research (New York, N. Y.) HN682.B448 2006 934’.05—dc22 2005049534 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Page 2 of 2 South Asia Research Between the Empires: Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE Patrick Olivelle Print publication date: 2006 Print ISBN-13: 9780195305326 Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: October 2011 DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195305326.001.0001 (p.ii) South Asia Research SERIES EDITOR Patrick Olivelle A Publication Series of The University of Texas South Asia Institute and Oxford University Press THE EARLY UPANISADS Annotated Text and Translation Patrick Olivelle INDIAN EPIGRAPHY A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the Other Indo- Aryan Languages Richard Salomon A DICTIONARY OF OLD MARATHI S. G. Tulpule and Anne Feldhaus DONORS, DEVOTEES, AND DAUGHTERS OF GOD Temple Women in Medieval Tamilnadu Leslie C. Orr JĪMŪTAVĀHANA’S DĀYABHĀGA Page 1 of 2 South Asia Research The Hindu Law of Inheritance in Bengal Edited and Translated with an Introduction and Notes by Ludo Rocher A PORTRAIT OF THE HINDUS Balthazar Solvyns and the European Image of India 1740–1824 Robert L. Hardgrave, Jr. NECTAR GAZE AND POISON BREATH An Analysis and Translation of the Rajasthani Oral Narrative of Devnārāyan Aditya Malik MANU’S CODE OF LAW A Critical Edition and Translation of the Manava-Dharmaśāstra Patrick Olivelle BETWEEN THE EMPIRES Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE Patrick Olivelle Page 2 of 2 Preface Between the Empires: Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE Patrick Olivelle Print publication date: 2006 Print ISBN-13: 9780195305326 Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: October 2011 DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195305326.001.0001 (p.v) Preface The papers collected in this volume resulted from an international conference held at the University of Texas at Austin, April 3–6, 2003. The conference was to explore the period between roughly the fourth century BCE and the fifth century CE, a period that saw unparalleled developments within the Indian subcontinent, developments that defined classical Indian culture and society. Shortly prior to this period occurred the first invasions of India by foreign military forces (those of Persians under Darius and of the Greeks under Alexander), bringing with them an opening to the West. This period saw the establishment of the overland silk road to China and the expansion of maritime trade, which established contacts with East Asia. Buddhism spread to the east, intensifying the cultural interaction between East and South Asia. Developments within the Indian subcontinent included the extensive use of writing and the flowering of literature and scholarship: grammar, philosophy, law, political science, epics, drama, poetics, art, architecture, and so on. Out of this period came many of the basic texts of Indian learning and some of the basic features of Indian culture. Page 1 of 3 Preface We called the conference Between the Empires, because the heart of the period falls between the decline of the first major Indian empire, that of the Mauryas (whose last king died in the early second century BCE), and the rise of the Gupta Empire (beginning in the fourth century CE). The aim of the conference was to bring together scholars pursuing advanced research relating to this period and to provide them the opportunity to interact with each other over a two- or three- day period. The participants included archeologists, art historians, numismatists, historians, experts in literature, law, and linguistics, philosophers, and historians of religion. The conference participants were asked to send their papers before the meeting so that they could be distributed to all the participants. This eliminated the time-consuming process of reading the papers during the meeting. Rather, each participant introduced her or his paper within ten minutes, thereby leaving as much time as possible for discussion, debate, and the exchange of ideas. This was an opportunity for scholars from diverse fields to interact with one another and to profit by the insights of those in other fields. A transcript of the vigorous and fruitful discussions that followed each summary is available at: http://www.utexas.edu/cola/southasia/empires/conferencepapers. A few of the scholars invited could not attend due to personal and professional reasons. Two of their papers, those of Dilip K. Chakrabarti and J. Mark Kenoyer, are included in this volume. A few of the participants were unable to provide papers for this volume. My own paper was not distributed at the conference and is included to provide an overview of the developments in the legal literature during this period. This volume contains a rich collection of serious and often groundbreaking studies of a variety of cultural and historical issues relating to this seminal period of South Asian history. Yet we were unable to cover everything; many important topics are not covered mostly because experts in those areas were unable to participate in the (p.vi) conference. We do not have studies, for example, on early Buddhism, Asokan inscriptions, writing systems, foreign invasions and immigration, works on politics and governance (the Arthaśāstra, for example), drama, belles lettres (kāvya), or developments in technology, mathematics, and other sciences. Nevertheless, this volume and the scholarship contained therein, we hope, will become a standard reference for scholars and students interested in the history and culture of ancient South Asia. We also organized a graduate seminar on the topic Between the Empires during the spring semester of 2003, attended by a large group of our graduate students and faculty. The seminar participants read most of the papers written for the conference, as well as other readings suggested by the authors of those papers. The students discussed the papers among themselves, wrote their own studies of this period, and participated in discussions with the conference participants. We appreciate the added vigor that the interest and energy of these students brought to the conference. Page 2 of 3 Preface Many individuals assisted in the planning and execution of the conference. My colleagues Joel Brereton, Janice Leoshko, Martha Selby, and Cynthia Talbot were on the planning committee and assisted in every phase of the conference; as did our faculty colleagues Oliver Freiberger and Edeltraud Harzer. Richard Lariviere, the Dean of the College of Liberal Arts, generously funded the conference. Members of our staff who contributed in a variety of ways to the success of the conference include Sandra Paschall, Jeannie Cortez, Liliana Merubia, and Eduardo Contreras. Jarrod Whitaker led a large group of our graduate students who helped with the logistics. Matthew Sayers is responsible for producing the camera-ready copy of this volume, and Mark McClish prepared the Index. I want to thank Matthew in a special way for his extraordinary diligence and good humor in formatting this very complex text and in dealing with the idiosyncrasies of seventeen authors and an impatient editor. My wife, Suman, as usual was a wonderful host during the “after hours” of the conference. To all of them, a heartfelt thanks. And to all of them and to the wonderful participants at the conference this book is dedicated. Page 3 of 3 Abbreviations Between the Empires: Society in India 300 BCE to 400 CE Patrick Olivelle Print publication date: 2006 Print ISBN-13: 9780195305326 Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: October 2011 DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195305326.001.0001 (p.ix) Abbreviations AB Aitareya Brāhmaṇa Abhidh-k-bh(P) Vasubandhu, Abhidharmakośabhāsya ĀcS Ācārāṇga Sūtra ĀDhP Āpaddharmaparvan of the Mahābhārata AK Amarakośa AngN Anguttara Nikāya ĀnSS ānandāśrama Sanskrit Series ĀpDh Āpastamba Dharmasūtra ĀpG Āpastamba Gṛhyasūtra AŚ Arthaśāstra ĀśG Āśvalāyana Gṛhya Sūtra AV Atharva Veda BĀU Bṛhadāranyaka Upaniṣad BDh Baudhāyana Dharmasūtra Page 1 of 4 Abbreviations BI Bibliotheca Indica BORI Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute BP Bhāgavata Purāṇa BrP Brahmāṇḍa Purāṇa BSS Bombay Sanskrit Series BŚS Baudhaāyana Śrautasūtra ChU Chāndogya Upaniṣad CSS Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series DDhP Dānadharmaparvan of the Mahābhārata GDh Gautama Dharmasūtra GG Gobhila gṛhyasūtra HOS Harvard Oriental Series HV Harivaṃśa IIJ Indo-Iranian Journal JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society KA Kauṭilīya’s Arthaśāstra KapS Kapiṣṭhala-Kaṭha Saṃhitā KB Kauṣītaki Brāhmaṇa KS Kāṭhaka Saṃhitā KSS Kasi Sanskrit Series KSū Kāma Sūtra JB Jaimanīya Brāhmaṇa Page 2 of 4 Abbreviations MadhK(deJ) Nāgārjuna, Mūlamadhyamakakārikāḥ MajN Majjhima Nikāya (p.x) MBh Mahābhārata MDh Mānava Dharmaśāstra MDhP Mokṣadharmaparvan MP Matsya Purāṇa MS Maitrāyanī Saṃhitā OI Oriental Institute Pāṇ Pāṇini’s Aṣṭādhyāyī PB Pañcaviṃśa Brāhmaṇa PTS Pali Text Society Ram Rāmāyaṇa RDhP Rājadharmaparvan of the Mahābhārata Ṛv Ṛg Veda Saṃhitā ŚB Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa SBE Sacred Books of the East SBH Sacred Books of the Hindus ŚBK śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, Kāṇva ŚBM Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, Mādhyaṃdina SK Sāṃkhya Kārikā ŚP Śāntiparvan of the Mahābhārata ŚŚS Śāṅkhāyana Śrauta Sūtra Page 3 of 4