HARVARD UKRAINIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE Monograph Series Editorial Board Omeljan Pritsak, Editor-in-Chief Ihor Śevćenko Donald Ostrowski (1983) Maxim Tarnawsky (1984), Managing Editor Committee on Ukrainian Studies George G. Grabowicz Edward Keenan Horace G. Lunt Richard E. Pipes Omeljan Pritsak, Chairman Ihor Śevćenko Adam Ulam Wiktor Weintraub Cambridge, Massachusetts Frank E. Sysyn Between Poland and the Ukraine THE DILEMMA OF ADAM KYSIL, 1600-1653 Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute Publication of this volume was made possible by donations from: The Jarema S. Kurdydyk Publication Fund Wasyl Lahoshniak Orysia Lagoshniak © 1985 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved. ISBN 0-916458-08-3 Library of Congress Catalog Number 84-80052 Printed in the United States of America The Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute was established in 1973 as an integral part of Harvard University. It supports research associates and visiting scholars who are engaged in projects concerned with all aspects of Ukrainian studies. The Institute also works in close cooper­ ation with the Committee on Ukrainian Studies, which supervises and coordinates the teaching of Ukrainian history, language, and literature at Harvard University. оцифровано ba І і k2 I dedicate this book to my grandmother, whose tales of her native land first awakened my interest in its history. Присвячую цю книжку моїй бабуні, якої розповіді про її батьківщину розбудили в мене зацікавлення історією України. Rossia Те patrem canit atque Polonia Patrem, Rossia Те Civem Sarmata Teque suum Lis de Те. Theodosius Wasilewicz Baiewski, Tentoria Venienti Kioviam cum novi Honoris fuscibus Illustrissimo Domino, I. Adamo de Brusilow Sventoldicio Kisiel Castellano: Nosov: & Capitaneo a Collegio Mohil: Kiou: (Kiev, 1646), foi 7. Contents Acknowledgments ix Note on Nomenclature and Terminology xi Geographic Names xv Introduction 1 1. The Commonwealth and the Ukrainian Lands in the Early Seventeenth Century: The State and Society of the Nobles 5 The Commonwealth of the Nobility in the Silver Age 9 The Ukrainian Lands 20 Religious, National, and Cultural Relations in the Ukraine 26 The Ruthenian Nobility: Acculturation and Assimilation 32 2. The Formative Years (1600-1632) 37 Volhynia at the Time of Kysil’s Birth 38 The Kysil Family 43 Education 46 The Launching of a Career 50 The Synod of 1629 54 3. The Beginning of the New Reign (1632-1635) 64 The Interregnum and the Election 64 The Smolensk War 71 4. The Ukrainian Lands in the 1630s 78 The Zaporozhian Cossacks 78 The Defense of Orthodoxy in the Diet (1633-1641) 89 The Regionalism of the Incorporation Lands 104 5. The Senatorial Chair 115 The Attempt at a New Church Union 117 The Commonwealth’s Foreign Policy 128 6. The Khmel’nyts’kyi Uprising 141 The Convocation Diet and the Second Peace Mission 152 The Election of Jan Kazimierz 159 From Pereiaslav to Zboriv 164 7. Mediator between the Commonwealth and the Cossack Hetmanate 175 The Ratification of the Zboriv Agreement 175 From Zboriv to Bila Tserkva 180 The Last Years 194 8. The Unresolved Dilemma 202 Appendixes 215 A. Kysil’s Estates and Offices 215 B. Biographies and Secondary Literature 222 C. Sources 230 Notes 239 Bibliography 349 Index 391 Maps Administrative borders of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, first half of the seventeenth century. xviii Places of importance in the life of Adam Kysil. xix Prevailing religious allegiances in Eastern Europe, end of the sixteenth century. XX Illustrations (following page 268) The Coat of Arms of the Kysils and the dedication page from Molitvy povsednevnyi. Abraham van Westerveldt, Janusz Radziwiłł Receiving the Envoys of Bohdan Khmel’nyts’kyi in Kievy 1651 (18th-century copy). The castle of the palatine of Kiev on the hill called Kisilivka is pictured on the right. Church of the Protectress, Nyzkynychi. Bust of Kysil in the Church of the Protectress in Nyzkynychi. Sarcophagus of Mykola Kysil in the crypt of the Church of the Protectress, Nyzkynychi. It contains the remains of Adam Kysil.