Berkshire Hathaway Annual Meeting 2014 May 3, 2014 These notes are recollections only, without the aid of a recording device. They should not be relied upon. – PB (Paul Anka and Warren Buffett sing a duet in the opening movie: Warren sings a stanza or two to Debbie Bosanek, his long‐time assistant, and then Paul sings, but “but she doesn’t do Dallas…” [Ed note: Debbie doesn’t do Dallas – now that is subtle! Kudos to Debbie, Warren and Paul] WB: Good morning. Before we start, two very special guests have to stand up. Even though he was on tour, he took quick detour. My friend Paul Anka please stand up. [clapping] With all the talk about my succession I wanted to hook up with someone famous for a possible second career. We’re available for weddings, bar mitzvahs and funerals. We got offered $1000 for Paul and I, which seemed ridiculous. I was insulted, they said OK, and offered $10,000 for just Paul. We have one other very special guest. This affair doesn’t happen by itself. She even had a baby boy named Brady in September. She organized everything here today, please thank Carrie Sova. [clapping] Ok now we get to the minor players and will introduce the Board of Directors. We’ll have the shareholders meeting after, then recess for 15min, then at 3:45 begin the shareholder meeting. I’ll introduce the Board, but please hold your applause until I’m finished introducing then you can go crazy. In alphabetical order: Howard Buffett, Steve Burke, Susan Decker, Bill Gates, David Gottesman, Charlotte Guyman, Don Keogh, Charlie Munger, Tom Murphy, Ron Olson, Walter Scott, Meryl Witmer. That is Board of Directors of Berkshire. [clapping] We have a couple slides then we’ll move into questions until noon, back at 1pm, continue until 3:30pm. We released our earnings yesterday. We try to do that on a Friday so you have full weekend to digest the 10q which we make available. Don’t just look at the summary, it makes great reading. This is our summary slide for Q1, operating earnings were down a bit year on year, mainly accountable from our insurance underwriting business. On a quarterly basis, this segment is not very meaningful, often it is foreign exchange related. We have $77bil of float in our insurance business now that is ours to invest. It is underwriting profit if it doesn’t cost us to hold. Satisfactory in Q1 but down from Q1 last year. It is a liability on the balance sheet, but if cost free, it does as much good as net worth does on the balance sheet. If we average no underwriting profit over the life of the business I’ll be very happy and you should be too. We advise you to pay no attention to quarterly or annual realized gains in securities. We make no attempt to time sales in any quarter. We focus on gains over the longer term. But ignore it in shorter term earnings. With that I’d like to give you a preview of a vote that was taken, it is remarkable. We had a shareholder resolution to pay a dividend, implying we weren’t paying a dividend because we were living in this grand style to which we are accustomed, and shareholders were living bereft of millions. We have no proxy vote service companies, and we just counted the votes as they come in. Among class A, it was 90:1 against a dividend, but you may think that I stuffed ballot box, which I did. [laughter] So I took out my votes and it was 40:1 among untainted shareholders. But maybe it is Warren and his rich friends and all the plutocrats in the class A shares who voted against it? But among B shareholders, and we may have one million shareholders of class B, and remarkably, they voted against by a ratio of 45:1, and we were not making any calls to get their vote. I’m not sure any company in world would get quite that vote. And one more slide, which is the disturbing part of that vote, among B shareholders, 97% voted for me. It’s a close vote for either getting rid of me or paying a dividend. The number of people that wanted to have a dividend and wanted me to get out of the place were neck and neck. So you can see why I’m adverse to proposing the dividend to the Board of Directors. This copy has been provided to David Lau/[email protected] With that we’ll do questioning as we always do. Reporters, analysts, and shareholders – we will alternate. Q1. Carol Loomis. We get hundreds if not thousands of questions. If we don’t get to your question, please excuse us. We haven’t shared with Warren or Charlie, but they read the news so some of the questions may be familiar. The first one is from Will Eldridge in NYC: Coca‐Cola recently approved a magnanimous compensation plan. You did not tell shareholders before you voted. After the vote you said it was excessive, but you didn’t say that before. And you did not vote against, you only abstained. I cannot see how they can stand up under examination. This appears very strange un‐Buffetlike behavior. Why did you abstain? WB: Strange behavior is frequently Buffett‐like [laughter]. The proposal was made by a shareholder who had held a long time. His calculations on dilution were wildly off. I did talk to Mukthar Kent, and told him we would abstain, but that we admired management, but while similar to other plans, we would abstain because we thought the plan was excessive. We announced that shortly after the vote. It is having an effect on compensation plans. That was the most effective way of behaving for Berkshire. We made a clear statement about excess, and we did not go to war with Coca‐Cola, and we did not endorse some calculations which were inaccurate. I don’t think going to war is a very good idea and if you ally with someone you have to be very sure of whom you go with. I received some letters on it, after they had been released to press. I think best to be careful of alliances with someone you don’t know. I think we got the best result for Coca‐Cola. Charlie? CM: I think we did everything right ‐‐I think you handled the whole situation very well. [laughter] WB: Well then, Charlie remains Vice Chairman. [laughter] I talked to Charlie before the vote. I should point out, in fairness to David Winters, he took figures from the proxy statement, so I can’t fault him for that. But for those of you who like to think about dilution, Coca‐Cola has regularly repurchased shares issued, so share count has come down a bit. It involves 500m shares, issued over four years. I’ll make it simpler, and leave out options versus performance shares. That is a lot of shares. Assuming all options are issued at 40, and when exercised, the stock is 60, then this is a $10bil transfer of value ($20x500m shares). However, the company gets a tax deduction for $10bil expense. At present tax rate, this is worth about $3.5bil in less tax. It gets $20bil of proceeds, add $3.5bil of tax savings, and Coca‐Cola receives $23.5bil. Company will likely buy in 391,666,666 shares at $60, so in effect, the Coca‐Cola company would be out 108m shares, on 44.4bil total. Dilution, assuming they are buying shares, is about 2.5% dilution. You can change purchase price but doesn’t change things very much. I don’t like dilution, and I don’t like 2.5%, but it’s much less than the numbers quoted. Q2: Jonathan Brandt: Berkshire’s success historically has been hands off. 3G is more hands on. Is there a way to use zero based budgeting on BRK subsidiaries? Is it consistent to hire a 3G alumnus to run subsidiary of Berkshire? WB: I don’t think two styles blend very well. 3G does magnificent job running businesses, and there is no question that it is a different style. I don’t think it would pay to try to blend the two. I think we will see more opportunities to partner with 3G. They are as able as anyone I have seen in management of This copy has been provided to David Lau/[email protected] businesses. They are marvelous partners, more than fair. We are very likely to partner with them. Some things we could do would be very large. I don’t think blending of two styles would work well. Managers when they join Berkshire are joining a large business unlike anything else. It is a huge corporate asset we have and it will continue to grow. We want to send a clear message to our managers. But we welcome chance to join with 3G in future deals. CM: I don’t think we’ve ever had a policy of rewarding overstaffing. WB: At least not at head office, where we only feel happy when people are sitting in each other’s laps. [laughter] We don’t wish to enforce a strong discipline on whether subsidiary has a few too many people. It won’t always be true. We encourage by example but not by edict. CM: I think a lot of great businesses spill a little, because they don’t want to be fanatics and that’s OK. I don’t think you need to have the last nickel out of the staffing costs. Q3: Station 1: Doug, Colorado. Wynn said Obama is the biggest wet blanket to the economy. Other countries are lowering taxes and reducing debt. Can you convince Obama to change the train’s direction? WB: Doug I think I’ll let you communicate with him directly. I don’t agree with a number of things you say. American business is doing exceptionally well. We will have a difference of opinion on politics, and you won’t convince me and I won’t convince you. Just look at corporate profits, and a chart of corporate taxes as a percentage of GDP. Corporate taxes are down from 4% to 2% of GDP, when other taxes have increased. American earnings on net tangible assets, the measure of profitability overall, is the envy of the world. We have extraordinary returns. Our tax rate for corporates is lower now than when Charlie and I were operating. We’ll call a truce. I’ll let Charlie comment. CM: I’m going to avoid this one. WB: And people complain about me abstaining! [laughter] Q4. Becky Quick (BQ): Much admiration, but if management wasn’t capable of returning better return than index, are you changing yardstick? Missed five year average return versus S&P? WB: We are not changing the yardstick. We said in the 2012 annual report that we would do worse in good years, and we said that if the market was strong in 2013, I predicted our streak will end. I think there were 2 years in last 40 where market did better than last year. We will underperform in strong years, we will match in medium years, and we will do better in down years. Over any cycle we will outperform, but there is no guarantee on that. CM: WB talks about increasing book value after paying full corporate taxes of 35%. Indices don’t have to pay taxes. In last 10 years, Berkshire’s pretax profits increased by $90billion. If this is failure I want more of it. This copy has been provided to David Lau/[email protected] Q5: Jay Gelb (JG): Intrinsic value, you signal undervalued versus intrinsic value. What can you do about it? Would you consider an IPO of the operating units? WB: No on the second part of that. We try to explain intrinsic value (and I’ve never seen an annual which uses that term) where there is a difference between carrying value and real value. GEICO is carried at $1bil over tangible, but it is really worth $20bil over. We are eager to buy stock at 120% of book value. Book is $230bil. And obviously I think that $45bil over that figure we are getting a bargain over intrinsic. It changes from day to day, but not a lot, but changes over the quarters and years. If you ask Charlie and me to write down a figure as to intrinsic value, I think we’d be within 5% of each other, but not 1%. We will continue to try to give information to shareholders on the important units at Berkshire. Some of our small businesses may be worth $1bil or even $2bil, but the small ones don’t have a big impact. Railroad, utility and insurance are big, and we try to use the words and numbers that we use when thinking about those businesses ourselves. We only believe in repurchasing shares when we can buy at a discount to intrinsic value. The 120% is a loud shout out as to a figure that we think is significantly below intrinsic. Some companies buy in shares to cover options. You shouldn’t buy it in if shares are overvalued. Negating dilution isn’t right when shares are expensive. If management can buy a dollar bill for 90 cents, they are doing shareholders a good job. If spend $1.10, not helping. CM: We’ve never wanted to get [BRK share price] way over intrinsic value to be able to issue shares. We don’t want an advantage for ourselves and disadvantage for them. The people who want the price up want egg in their beer. It’s ok if it’s a little below. I think stock will eventually go above whether we like it or not. WB: We have watched this in past, conglomerates issuing stock at high prices to issue and take over companies. It works, but if you cheat on earnings and where do you stop. That is a game we don’t want to play, it is very distasteful. And it comes in waves. We don’t want to come close to playing it. Unless I’m careful Charlie will name names… so we better move on. [laughter] Q6: Station 2: Los Angeles. Berkshire is known to buy whole companies. Acquisitions of other companies is disruptive. What do you do to gain trust? WB: We’ve kept our word to them. We have to be careful about what we promise. We can’t promise no layoffs. We can promise that we won’t sell their business, even if disappointing, as long as not having continuing losses or labor problems. You would not get a passing grade in business school if you put down our principles for why we keep some businesses, but we made a promise. If we don’t keep our promise, word would get around. We list the economic principles, so managers who sell to us know they can count on it. We can’t make some promises, and we don’t promise never to sell. But we’ve only had to get rid of a few businesses, including the original textile business. We also let managers continue to run their business. We are now in class that is hard to compete with. A private equity firm won’t be impressed by what we put in the back of our annual report. People who are rich and run a company their grandfather started – they don’t want to hand it over to a couple MBAs who want to show their stuff. As long as we behave properly, we will maintain that asset, and many will have trouble competing with it. It is how we want to operate. I think it will continue to work well. This copy has been provided to David Lau/[email protected] CM: Obviously we behave the way we do because we enjoy doing it. Number two, it has done pretty well so we are unlikely to stop. WB: You can tell he doesn’t get paid by the word. [laughter] Q7: ARS: Given your son Howard voted for the Coke pay plan as a director, how will he be a ‘Protector of culture’ at Berkshire? WB: I voted, as a director of various companies, I have voted for acquisition and comp plans that didn’t make sense. The nature, and this is worth exploring, of Boards is that they are part business organizations and part social organizations. They behave with both a business brain and a social brain. In 55 years of being on corporate boards, 19 companies other than Berkshire, I’ve never seen a comp plan come in and get a dissenting vote. Board delegates decision to a compensation committee. The compensation committee reports on activities. You delegated to this committee. That is way it works. I’m not saying that is the way it should work. Bear in mind that independent directors receiving $200k or $300k, they are not independent. For going to work 4‐6 times a year, there is pleasant company when get there – it’s good work. I was on compensation committee once, and the result was not good, they don’t look for Doberman’s, they want Cocker Spaniels with their tails wagging. My son Howard’s (and my two other children’s) job is not to select the CEO or to set compensation. Howard is there to facilitate a change if Board of Directors decide it is needed. Howie is perfect guy to carry that out. I voted for compensation plans in various places that were far from perfect. I was made chairman of Salomon’s… CM: Warren was voted down at Salomon Inc. I think general idea that people should shout down everything they disapprove of isn’t right. In life you have to pick your spots. If we all did that, we wouldn’t be able to hear each other. WB: If you keep belching at the dinner table, you will soon be eating in kitchen. [laughter] People need to pick their spots or they will not only be ignored, but not heard on other issues. Charlie gives the marital advice around here. Attempting to change the behavior of others... CM: I offend more people than you do, and I am satisfied with the level of disapproval. Q8: Gregory Warren, Morningstar (GW): The measure of a good management is ability to generate outsized returns, but sheer size makes it hard. What is cost of capital now, with new capex‐heavy firms? WB: There is no question that size is an anchor to performance. We intend to prove that up to the point it starts really biting. We can’t have same returns on capital base, market cap of $300bil. Archimedes, didn’t he say he could move the world if he had a long enough lever, and wish I had that lever. We’ll answer two questions. Cost of capital is what can be produced by our second best idea. Our best idea has to exceed that. We’ve heard so many discussions on how to figure out the cost of capital… CM: I’ve never heard an intelligent one. This copy has been provided to David Lau/[email protected] WB: We don’t know, I probably vote if I don’t like it but some exceptions to that. The real test over time is that the capital we retain produces more than a dollar of market value over time. If we keep putting billions in, and adding more than their cost, we’ll keep doing it. We are spending close to $3bil on a Canadian company, and we will be better off and that was best thing to do that day with that $3bil. I’ve never seen a CEO wanting to do a deal and a CFO say it didn’t exceed cost of capital. We think we can evaluate businesses, we know our capital. We are constantly measuring that opportunity cost, it is an important subject. CM: A phrase like “cost of capital” we just don’t use it. Warren’s definition of adding more in market value than we put in will never be taught in business school – the phrase to retain to create more value, is the best description. It’s simple: we’re right, and they are wrong. WB: I look good compared to him, don’t I? [laughter] Q9: Station 9, Omaha. Did you buy the Nebraska Furniture Mart at 85% of book value, or 2x earnings? WB: I wish we had bought it that cheap. We paid 11 or 12x p/e for 80% of company, and it was not a discount to book, $60m was the equivalent full purchase price, and there was a second transaction involved. $60m for 100%, was not a bargain purchase, it was more than book at the time. It would have been a multiple 11x or 12x pre‐tax. It had $100m sales, pretax 7% margin, or about 4.5% after tax. That is ballpark. It was great business, but it was not a bargain. It was great opportunity to join with this great family. There was another company from Germany trying to buy it at time. Erskine Bowles was representing them actually. On my birthday in 1983, in August, I gave a letter to Mrs. B, and Louis her son told her what was in it. I asked, did she owe any money, did she own building? No, and yes she did. If you want to talk bargain purchases, we should talk about going out to NFM for shopping. We had a record $40m in sales for the week last year. We are up 7% now vs. last year. On Tuesday we did $7.8m. We own largest furniture store in Reno, Las Vegas, etc. Our sales on Tuesday were larger than the monthly sales at any of those places. And good news that there is still time! [laughter] I have to give a plug for the new Dallas store. It is store you wouldn’t believe ‐ it has 1.8m square feet. It will do more volume than any other home furnishings store in world… by a factor of 2. We are even putting in streets. Michelle showed me around last week. Michelle started work at NFM as a cashier, and now she is in charge of a hundred of millions dollar project. It is the good thing about America. And her number two person who came with us, that was Michelle’s husband. Interesting pillow talk, how many cubic yards did you move today…? [laughter] Q10: CL: Most popular question asked. You are trustee for wife’s benefit, 10% in short term bonds, and 90% in S&P low cost fund. Why an index fund, not Berkshire shares? Is it because the Index fund will outperform when the company is run by a new CEO? WB: That letter didn’t come from Vanguard by any chance, did it? [laughter] When I die, every single share will go to 5 foundations. They will be distributed over 10 years after my estate is closed. My instructions are to not sell any Berkshire shares until they have to be sold. My views on Berkshire are so solid – I can’t think of anything better to do with it. For my wife, it is not a question of maximizing capital, it is about maximizing safety and not doing worse. It is a peace of mind question. On the part I This copy has been provided to David Lau/[email protected] care about maximizing, I have instructed the three trustees not to sell a single share until they have to, that is good for [5] yrs. CM: Warren is peculiar about how he distributes money to his family. I think he should do as he damn well pleases. [light applause] WB: Do I hear any of my children applauding? CM : You are down to a few trifles, Warren, and Susie was the same, really is a meritocrat. He wants money to go back to civilization in which it was earned. I like being associated with it. Q11: Jonathan Brandt: BNSF doing well, but Union Pacific has grown earnings more? WB: We’ve handled more volume than in past. In 2006, we did 219k peak carloads. We’ve had a lot of service problems on the northern route. We’ve been spending more money than Union Pacific, and they spend a lot, to try to anticipate problems. And when you get a big increase in volume on that one route, from Bakken shale oil, there are a lot of trains running now that weren’t running five years ago. Matt Rose might address problems of cold weather. Sending people out to work on problem at that temperature can be life threatening. Matt Rose: Industry grew at [+100k] units, and we handled 53% of units. Oil came a lot faster than we expected, and we’ve been spending to build into it. I’ve been CEO 13 years, and I have never seen weather like it this past winter. We had 83 inches of snow in Chicago. Multiple days were not over zero degrees in Minnesota. We know it is an outdoor sport. We handled 206k units last week. No railroad has handled 205k units. We are making investments. WB: We will spend $5bil on the railroad this year. No railroad has spent close to that. I got a letter from guy who was having problems getting fertilizer. We did 52 [cars], and they will get there in time for the planting. We take it seriously. Now it can flood in the summer. We are functioning better and earnings are likely to be better. But incredible floods can hurt too. We are dealing with 23,000 miles of track. One weak link is Chicago for all four railroads. But you are right Jon, in comparative financials, and Matt and I are paying a lot of attention and I think will get better over the rest of this year. Q12: Station 4, Omaha. Berkshire uses natural gas to generate electricity. How can we get an adequate supply of natural gas, and if price goes up, how can company sell electricity with satisfactory return? WB: We are the largest alternative energy source in the country. By 2015, 40% of our electricity in Iowa will come through wind. It is unlike any other company you can find in the country. Greg will answer specifics on natural gas dependent units. I’m not worried about the issue you raised, we have opportunity to shift to coal. Greg Abel: Matt touched on the very cold winter we had in the Midwest. We were challenged. Natural gas was available to heat homes and keep lights on. But clearly we have to look at unique situation, as we move to using more gas in US. This past year we were, in renewables, 39% wind in Iowa in 2013. This copy has been provided to David Lau/[email protected] There is a way to meet needs of customers in cost effective way. We have unique ways in our utilities, when we pay more for gas for instance, we have clear pass‐throughs back to our customers. WB: Our gas pipelines move about 8% of natural gas in USA. Gas into this area comes through a pipeline we own. We renamed to Berkshire Hathaway Energy. When we bought it from Enron (and Dynergy in between), they had skimped on maintenance. It was ranked #42 out of 42. Last year it was ranked #1. Went from last to first under Greg’s management, and so I tip my hat to him. #2 was our other pipeline, so we are running 1 and 2 at the moment. Q13: BQ: Successor question is common, but any discussion about a replacement for Charlie? Dynamic duo still? WB: Charlie is my canary in the coal mine. Charlie recently turned 90, and I find it encouraging how he is handling middle age. [laughter] But now I’m getting sensitive ‐‐ you raised a point ‐‐ they never talk about replacing Charlie. I think likely that whoever replaces me as CEO will have someone they work with very closely, it is a great way to operate. Berkshire is better off because we worked together, there is no question. [clapping] I do think Goizueta & Keogh, Cap Cities Tom Murphy & Dan Burke, and company accomplished far more because of two incredible people with complimentary talents. It is great way to operate. You can’t will it to somebody. If a few years after successor takes over, I’d be very surprised if there wasn’t some relationship or partnership, it can enhance achievements and the fun they have. But no one has brought up successor to Charlie. CM: I don’t think the world has much to worry about. Most 90 year old men are gone soon enough. WB: The canary has spoken. [laughter] Q14: JG: Chairman position at BNSF for Matt Rose? Ajit? WB: Only succession for Ajit is reincarnation. But we don’t have to worry for a long time. Matt Rose’s decision has no impact on succession at Berkshire. Matt’s plan was designed to fit for issues at BNSF. I have letters from every one of my managers telling me what I should do if something happens to them tonight. In some they talk about more than one person, and strengths and weaknesses. I wouldn’t make assumptions about subsidiaries. CM: I am not the least bit worried about it. I wish my biggest problem was succession at Berkshire. We are in very good shape. Q15: Station 5, Minnesota. If you were required to invest total net worth in company, in 2009, it was Wells Fargo. And today? WB: Did you exclude Berkshire? It’s a great question, but it is not going to get an answer. CM: You answered it perfectly. .. This copy has been provided to David Lau/[email protected] Q16: ARS: Proxy statements, highest paid executives. Warren, Charlie and Marc Only. It would be instructive to include others, like Ajit or Matt. Would you in spirit of transparency add? How much should next CEO be paid? WB: The next CEO is entitled to a lot, how much they accept is interesting question. I intend to write about it in the next annual report. We are following the SEC rules on officers required to be in proxy statement. In my sporting mood, Comcast has people who make a lot more money than those listed in proxy statement. Is it to benefit of shareholders to list everyone, like the newscasters? I think shareholders of Comcast would be hurt by listing top five salaries, at a subsidiary like CNBC. I think there is a good reason for us not publishing salaries of our top ten managers. At Salomon, we mentioned earlier, virtually everyone was dissatisfied with what they made. The absolute amount didn’t matter, it was relative to others. When management made secret deal with the arbitrage group, whereby Meriweather got paid a lot of money, and I would argue they earned it, but the jealousy that broke out was a problem. It is very seldom that publishing compensation accomplishes much for shareholders. Corporate CEOs would be being paid a lot less money if proxy statements hadn’t revealed how much others were being paid. American shareholders are paying a significant price to look at proxy statements every year. CM: In a spirit of transparency, you are asking for something that wouldn’t be good for shareholders. So we aren’t going to do it. We don’t want to add to the culture of envy in America. Our practices are envy dampeners. WB: No CEO looks at proxies and some competitor’s salary and thinks “I’m worth less.” CM: Envy is doing this country a lot of harm. Q17: GW: Retained earnings and capital spending? WB: BNSF is not going to buy another business. BH Energy will have multiple opportunities to buy other businesses. We spent a substantial amount on NV Energy, and we just bought transmission lines in Alberta. We’ve come up with really large businesses to buy. At BNSF, we will spend a lot of money to have the best railroad possible, but we won’t buy other businesses at BNSF. We will distribute substantial money from BNSF, and have a good level of debt. At MidAmerican we need money from shareholders, 90% is owned by Berkshire and Greg and Walter Scott have balance. If we need more equity we will have a pro‐rata subscription, may opt out but purchases will improve the value of their shares. We may invest billions there. But at BNSF we will spend to improve railroad. We’ve spent $5bil on acquisitions roughly, and $2.8bil on property plant & equipment, but we are finding things to do that tend to sop up the cash. We will always keep $20bil around. We will never be dependent on the kindness of strangers (Although that didn’t work out to well for Marge [meant Blanche] DuBois….) We cannot depend on anyone else, we have to keep our own strength, we’ve spent too much time to have that one moment destroy us. We lent to Harley Davidson at 15%. Fine company, but they needed they cash. When you need cash, it is the only thing you need. Cash is like oxygen, you don’t notice it 99.9% of the time, but when absent it is the only thing you notice. Above $20bil, we’ll try to find ways to invest it intelligently. But we’ll never feel the need to spend it. This copy has been provided to David Lau/[email protected] CM: I think we are very lucky to have these businesses that can employ new capital at respectable rates. Earlier we didn’t have such opportunities. Now it is a blessing. No one in his right mind would want to get rid of BNSF and MidAmerican. I love the opportunity to spend money when short term rates are 0.5% or less WB: Compound interest will catch up with us. It has dampened things, but not delivered its final blow yet. Q18: Station 6: Please don’t move annual meeting to Dallas, I’ve got my system worked out. Operating companies, and cash to the Mothership. Do you fight or argue when managing partnership? WB: CM and I have never had an argument. We met when I was 29 and he was 35. In those 55 years, we’ve disagreed on a lot of things. But it never has and never will lead to an argument. We argue with others. I called Charlie on the Coca‐Cola vote. CM: Most of the time we think alike. That is problem, if one of us misses it, the other is likely to too. WB: The really bad mistakes we’ve made, I’ve made them. I’m a little more inclined to action than Charlie. Would you say that’s right, Charlie? CM: You once called me the ‘abominable no man’. WB: Back to the first part of the question, the cash from the subsidiaries. We don’t count the money in the energy business or railroad. I know where it is and where we can make a phone call and get it. With interest rates here, most of companies have more cash than they used to. Set up sweep accounts maybe? Not something we think about day to day. I know when we will need cash. I know what I may do with the cash, and 50/50 probabilities. I know where cash is coming from. Maybe a sweep account would make sense. We are not big disciplinarians. A Berkshire company that has a lot of cash around every once in a while sends me some. I don’t want to encourage managers about a new way of behaving, I sort of adapt to the companies, unless I really need it ‐‐ then I grab it. CM: And that’s just fine. Q19: CL: In interview in April, you said I hope we get questions on our weak points. What are they and what can we do about them? WB: “That would just make it easier for the journalists.” We have a lot of weak points. We point them out when we can. If we executed sweep account for subsidiaries, we would have a few more dollars than we have now. We are very disciplined in some ways, and by ordinary business standards undisciplined in other ways. A clear weak point is that I am slow to make personnel changes. CM and I had wonderful friend, and we were slow to make a change, and it wasn’t killing us in the business. How long did we go? CM: I don’t know exactly. Sweep account system, it’s like a friend who went to give blood and it wasn’t flowing very easily and they started squeezing his arm. This copy has been provided to David Lau/[email protected]
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