Ben Cao Gang Mu, Volume VIII: Clothes, Utensils, Worms, Insects, Amphibians, Animals with Scales, Animals with Shells by Li Shizhen Th e Ben Cao Gang Mu Series Th e complete Chinese text translated and annotated by Paul U. Unschuld Vol. I. Ch. 1 – 4. Introduction, History, Pharmacology, Diseases and Suitable Pharmaceutical Drugs Vol. II. Ch. 5 – 11. Waters, Fires, Soils, Metals, Jades, Stones, Minerals, Salts Vol. III. Ch. 12 – 14. Mountain Herbs, Fragrant Herbs Vol. IV. Ch. 15 – 17. Marshland Herbs, Poisonous Herbs Vol. V. Ch. 18 – 25. Creeping Herbs, Water Herbs, Herbs Growing on Stones, Mosses, Cereals Vol. VI. Ch. 26 – 33. Vegetables, Fruits Vol. VII. Ch. 34 – 37. Woods Vol. VIII. Ch. 38 – 46. Clothes, Utensils, Worms, Insects, Amphibians, Animals with Scales, Animals with Shells Vol. IX. Ch. 47 – 52. Fowls, Domestic & Wild Animals, Human Substances Tools Th e Dictionary of the Ben Cao Gang Mu Vol. I. Chinese Historical Illness Terminology Vol. II. Geographical and Administrative Designations Vol. III. Persons and Literary Sources Vol. IV. Substance Identifi cation Ben Cao Gang Mu, Volume VIII: Clothes, Utensils, Worms, Insects, Amphibians, Animals with Scales, Animals with Shells by Li Shizhen 16th Century Chinese Encyclopedia of Materia Medica and Natural History Th e complete Chinese text translated and annotated by Paul U. Unschuld university of california press Th e generous fi nancial support of the Ben cao gang mu translation project and of the publication of the resulting volumes by Mr. Rong Yumin 荣裕民 is gratefully acknowledged. University of California Press Oakland, California © 2021 by Th e Regents of the University of California Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on fi le at the Library of Congress. Library of Congress Control Number: 2020946743 ISBN 978-0-520-37991-6 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-520-97698-6 (ebook) Manufactured in the United States of America 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS 1. Prolegomena / 25 1.1 History of Chinese materia medica literature / 25 1.2 Structure and contents of the Ben cao gang mu / 29 1.3 Biographical sketch of Li Shizhen (1518 – 1593) / 39 2. Notes on the Translation / 41 3. Wang Shizhen’s preface of 1590 / 45 4. Translation of the Ben cao gang mu 本草綱目. Chapters 38 - 46 / 49 Section Clothes and Utensils. Chapter 38 Group: Clothes and Silk / 51 38-01 Jin 錦, brocade. / 54 38-02 Juan 絹, thin, tough silk. / 55 38-03 Bo 帛, silk fabric. / 56 38-04 Bu 布, cloth. / 58 38-05 Mian 綿, silk fl oss. / 60 38-06 Kun dang 褌襠, crotch of underpants. / 63 38-06-A01 Yue jing yi 月經衣, garments worn during menstruation. / 65 38-07 Han shan 汗衫, undershirt. / 65 38-08 Xiao zi shan 孝子衫, shirt worn by a son to display fi lial piety. / 66 38-09 Bing ren yi 病人衣, a sick person’s garment. / 67 38-10 Yi dai 衣帶, garment belt. / 67 38-11 Tou jin 頭巾, head scarf. / 68 38-12 Fu tou 幞頭, headdress. / 70 38-13 Pi jin zi 皮巾子, leather scarf. / 71 38-14 Pi yao dai 皮腰袋, leather waist belt. / 71 6 Th e Ben Cao Gang Mu 38-15 Jiao jiao bu 繳脚布, cloth used for footbinding. / 71 38-16 Bai tian gong 敗天公, decayed ‘Honorable Heaven’. / 72 38-17 Gu suo yi 故蓑衣, old raincoat made from rushes. / 72 38-18 Zhan ti 氈屉, felt insole. / 73 38-19 Pi xue 皮鞾, leather boot. / 74 38-20 Ma xie 麻鞋, hemp shoe. / 75 38-21 Cao xie 草鞋, straw shoe. / 78 38-22 Lü ti bi sheng 履屉鼻繩, a string from the nose of wooden clogs. / 80 38-23 Zi jing si sheng 自經死繩, a noose used for suicidal hanging. / 81 38-24 Ling chuang xie 靈牀鞋, shoe from underneath a bier. / 82 38-25 Si ren zhen xi 死人枕蓆, a corpse’s headrest and mat. / 82 Group: Utensils and Further Items / 84 38-26 Zhi 紙, paper. / 84 38-27 Qing zhi 青紙, greenish paper. / 88 38-28 Yin zhi 印紙, paper with an offi cial seal. / 88 38-29 Tong you san zhi 桐油傘紙, paper from an umbrella impregnated with vermicia oil. / 88 38-30 Li ri 歷日, calendar. / 89 38-31 Zhong kui 鍾馗, [drawing of] Zhong Kui. / 89 38-32 Tao fu 桃符, peachwood talisman. / 91 38-33 Tao jue 桃橛, peachwood peg. / 92 38-34 Jiu yue zhang 救月杖, the stick used to rescue the moon. / 93 38-35 Bo huo zhang 撥火杖, wooden fi re poker. / 93 38-36 Chui huo tong 吹火筒, a tube to kindle a fi re by blowing. / 94 38-37 Zao bing mu 鑿柄木, wooden handle of a chisel. / 94 38-38 Tie zhui bing 鐵椎柄, handle of an iron hammer. / 95 38-39 Chong xie 銃楔, ramrod of a handgun. / 95 38-40 Dao qiao 弓鞘, sheath of a knife. / 96 38-41 Ma bian 馬鞭, horsewhip. / 96 38-42 Jian ke ji cu 箭舘及鏃, arrow shaft and arrowhead. / 96 38-43 Gong nu xuan 弓弩弦, bowstring and crossbow string. / 97 38-44 Fang che xuan 紡車弦, string of a spinning wheel. / 99 38-45 Suo tou 梭頭, shuttle head. / 100 38-46 Lian jia guan 連枷關, fl ail. / 100 38-47 Cong dan jian 楤擔尖, tip of a pole. / 100 Contents 7 38-48 Shu bi 梳篦, comb and fi ne-toothed comb. / 100 38-49 Zhen xian dai 針綫袋, bag with needles and threads. / 102 38-50 Pu shan 蒲扇, cattail leaf fan. / 103 38-51 Pu xi 蒲席, cattail mat. / 103 38-52 Dian 簟, bamboo mat. / 105 38-53 Lian bo 簾箔, curtain and screen. / 106 38-53-01 Bai mang bo 敗芒箔, rotten screen made of miscanthus reed. / 106 38-53-02 Bo jing shen 箔經繩, string penetrating a screen. / 107 38-53-03 Ce wu hu lian 厠屋户簾, curtain at the door of a lavatory. / 107 38-54 Qi qi 漆器, lacquer utensil. / 107 38-55 Yan zhu shi chui 研朱石槌, stone pestle used to grind cinnabar. / 108 38-56 Deng zhan 燈盞, uncovered oil lamp. / 109 38-57 Deng zhan you 燈盞油, oil from an uncovered oil lamp. / 109 38-58 Che zhi 車脂, cart grease. / 110 38-59 Bai chuan ru 敗船茹, rotten bamboo shavings used to seal a boat. / 113 38-60 Gu mu zhen 故木砧, old wooden chopping block. / 114 38-60-01 Ji shang xie 几上屑, crumbs on a table. / 114 38-60-02 Zhen shang gou 砧上垢, dirt on a chopping block. / 115 38-61 Shao 杓, wooden ladle. / 116 38-61-01 Hu piao 瓠瓢, gourd ladle. / 116 38-62 Zhu 筯, chopstick. / 116 38-63 Zeng 甑, steamer. / 117 38-63-01 Wa zeng 瓦甑, clay steamer. / 117 38-63-02 Zeng gou 甑垢, residue deposit in a steamer. / 117 38-63-03 Zeng dai 甑帶, string to tie a steamer. / 118 38-63-04 Gu zeng bi 故甑蔽, cover of an old steamer. / 120 38-64 Guo gai 鍋蓋, lid of a cooking pot. / 122 38-65 Fan luo 飯籮, rice basket. / 122 38-66 Zheng long 蒸籠, food steamer made of bamboo. / 122 38-67 Chui dan bu 炊單布, a cloth in a steamer. / 123 38-68 Gu chui zhou 故炊帚, old pot-scouring brush. / 123 38-69 Bi zhou 弊帚, worn broom. / 124 38-70 Bo qi shi 簸箕舌, bottom of a winnowing basket. / 125 38-71 Zhu lan 竹籃, bamboo basket. / 125 38-72 Yu gou 魚笱, bamboo basket for trapping fi sh. / 126 8 Th e Ben Cao Gang Mu 38-73 Yu wang 魚網, fi shnet. / 126 38-74 Cao ma sheng suo 草麻繩索, rope made out of straw or hemp. / 127 38-75 Ma ban sheng 馬絆繩, rope used to trip a horse. / 128 38-76 Fu zhu sheng 縛猪繩, rope used to tie up pigs. / 128 38-77 Niu bi juan 牛鼻牶, wooden stick from an ox nose. / 128 38-78 Ce chou 厠籌, wooden latrine board. / 129 38-79 Niao tong 尿桶, urinal bucket. / 130 38-79-01 Jiu ban 舊板, old board from a urinal bucket. / 130 38-79-02 Jiu gu 舊箍, old hoop [of a urinal bucket]. / 130 Section Worms/Bugs. Chapter 39 / 131 Worms/Bugs I.Born from Eggs Group, First / 135 39-01 Feng mi 蜂蜜, honey. / 135 39-02 Mi la 蜜蠟, beeswax. / 146 39-03 Mi feng 蜜蜂, honeybee. / 153 39-03-01 Feng zi 蜂子, bee larvae. / 154 39-04 Tu feng 土蜂, ground bee/wasp. / 156 39-04-01 Feng 蜂, bees. / 157 39-04-02 Feng zi 蜂子, bee larvae. / 157 39-04-03 Fang 房, [ground bee/wasp] nest. / 158 39-05 Da huang feng 大黄蜂, hornet. / 159 39-05-01 Feng zi 蜂子, [hornet] bee larvae. / 160 39-06 Lu feng fang 露蜂房, hornet/wasp nest. / 161 39-07 Zhu feng 竹蜂, bamboo bee. / 170 39-07-01 Liu shi mi 留師蜜, honey of liu shi [bees]. / 171 39-08 Chi chi feng 赤翅蜂, red winged hornet. / 171 39-09 Du jiao feng 獨脚蜂, single leg bee. / 173 39-10 Ye weng 蠮螉, solitary wasp. / 174 39-10-01 Tu feng ke 土蜂窠, nest of ground bees. / 178 39-10-A01 Xiong huang chong 雄黄蟲, realgar worm/bug. / 178 39-11 Chong bai la 蟲白蠟, white wax of worms/bugs. / 178 39-12 Zi kuang 紫𨥥, shellac. / 181 39-13 Wu bei zi 五倍子, Chinese sumack gallnut. / 184 39-13-01 Bai yao jian 百藥煎, ferment prepared from Chinese sumac gallnuts and tea leaves. / 201 39-13-A01 Wu bei zi nei chong 五倍子内蟲, worms/bugs from within Chinese sumac gallnuts. / 207 Contents 9 39-14 Tang lang 螳螂, sang piao xiao 桑螵蛸, mantis larvae. / 207 39-14-01 Tang lang 螳蜋, mantis. / 210 39-14-02 Sang piao xiao 桑螵蛸, mulberry mantis larvae / 211 39-15 Que weng 雀甕, cocoon of the Oriental Moth. / 214 39-16 Can 蠶, silkworm. / 218 39-16-01 Bai jiang can 白殭蠶, white, stiff silkworms. / 219 39-16-02 Wu lan si can 烏爛死蠶, dark, rotten, dead silkworms. / 229 39-16-03 Can yong 蠶蛹, silkworm pupae. / 230 39-16-04 Jian ru zhi 繭鹵汁, silkworm cocoon brine. / 231 39-16-05 Can jian 蠶繭, silkworm cocoons. / 231 39-16-06 Can tui 蠶蜕, silkworm slough. / 234 39-16-07 Can lian 蠶連, silkworm eggshell. / 234 39-16-08 Sao si tang 繅絲湯, water in which silkworm cocoons are boiled for reeling silk. / 239 39-17 Yuan can 原蠶, second generation silkworm. / 240 39-17-01 Xiong yuan can e 雄原蠶蛾, moths of male second generation silkworms. / 241 39-17-02 Yuan can sha 原蠶沙, excrements of second generation silkworms. / 244 39-18 Shi can 石蠶, phryganea larvae. / 249 39-18-A01 Yun shi 雲師, cloud army. / 251 39-18-A02 Yu hu 雨虎, rain tiger. / 251 39-19 Jiu xiang chong 九香蟲, stinkbug. / 252 39-20 Hai can 海蠶, sea silkworm. / 253 39-20-01 Sha 沙, excrements [of sea silkworms]. / 254 39-21 Xue can 雪蠶, snow silkworm. / 254 39-22 Gou qi chong 枸杞蟲, lycium worm/bug. / 255 39-23 Huai xiang chong 蘹香蟲, fennel worm/bug. / 256 Section Worms/Bugs. Chapter 40 / 257 Worms/Bugs II. Born from Eggs. Final Group. / 257 40-01 Qing fu 青蚨, water beetle. / 259 40-01-A01 Pang jiang 龐降, tree beetle. / 261 40-02 Jia die 蛺蝶, butterfl y. / 261 40-03 Qing ling 蜻蛉, dragonfl y. / 263 40-04 Chu ji 樗雞, lantern fl y. / 265 10 Th e Ben Cao Gang Mu 40-05 Zao mao 棗貓, zao mao. / 270 40-06 Ban mao 斑蝥, blister beetle. / 271 40-07 Yuan qing 芫青, blister fl y. / 281 40-08 Ge shang ting zhang 葛上亭長, (epicauta-)blister beetle. / 283 40-09 Di dan 地膽, oil beetle. / 286 40-10 Zhi zhu 蜘蛛, spider. / 289 40-10-01 Tui qiao 蜕殻, slough shells [of spiders]. / 299 40-10-02 Wang 網, [spider] web. / 299 40-11 Cao zhi zhu 草蜘蛛, grass spider. / 301 40-11-01 Si 絲, [spider web] silk thread. / 302 40-12 Bi qian 壁錢, spider spec. / 303 40-12-01 Ke mu 窠幕, nest curtain. / 304 40-13 Zhi dang 螲蟷, soil spider. / 305 40-14 Xie 蠍, scorpion. / 307 40-15 Shui zhi 水蛭, leech. / 315 40-16 Yi 蟻, ant. / 321 40-16-A01 Bai yi 白蟻, termite. / 323 40-16-01 Yi die tu 蟻垤土, soil from an anthill. / 323 40-16-02 Bai yi ni 白蟻泥, termite dung. / 323 40-16-03 Du jiao yi 獨脚蟻, single leg ant. / 324 40-17 Qing yao chong 青腰蟲, red ant. / 325 40-18 Qu 蛆, maggot of blow fl y. / 325 40-19 Ying 蠅, house-fl y. / 329 40-20 Gou ying 狗蠅, dog louse fl y. / 330 40-20-A01 Bi shi 壁蝨, bedbug. / 331 40-21 Niu shi 牛蝨, cattle louse. / 332 40-22 Ren shi 人蝨, human louse. / 333 Section Worms/Bugs. Chapter 41 / 337 Worms/Bugs III. Born from Transformation Group. / 337 41-01 Qi cao 蠐螬, scarab larva. / 339 41-02 Ru chong 乳蟲, milk bug. / 345 41-03 Mu du chong 木蠹蟲, carpenter moth larva. / 346 41-04 Sang du chong 桑蠹蟲, mulberry tree grub. / 347 41-04-01 Fen 糞, dung [of mulberry tree grubs] / 349 41-05 Liu du chong 柳蠹蟲, willow tree grub. / 350