BEHIND THE BADGE This volume is the logical follow-up to the military treatment handbook Living and Surviving in Harm’s Way. Sharon M. Freeman Clevenger, Laurence Miller, Bret A. Moore, and Arthur Freeman return with this dynamic handbook ideal for law enforcement agencies interested in the psychological health of their officers. Contributors include law enforcement officers with diverse experiences, making this handbook accessible to readers from law enforcement backgrounds. This authoritative, comprehensive, and critical volume on the psychological aspects of police work is a must for anyone affiliated with law enforcement. Sharon M. Freeman Clevenger, MSN, MA, PMHCNS-BC, ACT, is the CEO and Founder of the Indiana Center for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Adjunct Professor of Psychology at Indiana/Purdue Universities. She is certified as a Diplomate, Fellow, and Trainer by the Academy of Cognitive Therapy. Laurence Miller, PhD, PA, is an Adjunct Professor at Florida Atlantic University and Palm Beach State College. He is a clinical and forensic police psychologist for the West Palm Beach Police Department, the Palm Beach County Sheriff’s Office, and Troop L of the Florida Highway Patrol. Bret A. Moore, PsyD, ABPP, is an Adjunct Associate Professor in Psychiatry at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. In 2008, Dr. Moore left active duty service in the U.S. Army, where he served as a captain and clinical psychologist with the 85th Combat Stress Control unit based in Fort Hood, Texas. Arthur Freeman, EdD, ABPP, ACT, is Professor and Executive Director of Clinical Psychology in Behavioral Medicine at Midwestern University. He is Past-President of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies and the International Association for Cognitive Psychotherapy. He is a Distinguished Founding Fellow of the Academy of Cognitive Therapy. This page intentionally left blank BEHIND THE BADGE A Psychological Treatment Handbook for Law Enforcement Officers Edited by Sharon M. Freeman Clevenger Laurence Miller Bret A. Moore Arthur Freeman First published 2015 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 27 Church Road, Hove, East Sussex BN3 2FA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2015 Taylor & Francis The right of the editors to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Freeman Clevenger, Sharon M. Behind the badge : a psychological treatment handbook for law enforcement officers/Sharon M. Freeman Clevenger, Laurence Miller, Bret Moore, Arthur Freeman.—1 Edition. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Police psychology. 2. Police—Mental health. 3. Police—Job stress. I. Title. HV7936.P75F74 2014 616.85(cid:99)210651—dc23 2014020351 ISBN: 978-0-415-89229-2 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-138-81890-3 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-74492-6 (ebk) Typeset in Sabon by Swales & Willis Ltd, Exeter, Devon, UK The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, and are not necessarily representative of those of the Department of Defence (DOD); the Department of Justice (DOJ); any government agency including police departments; or, the United States Army, Navy, or Air Force. This page intentionally left blank C O N T E N T S Acknowledgments ix Foreword by Aaron T. Beck x List of Contributors xiv PART I Understanding the Law Enforcement Officer 1 1 Introduction 3 SHARON M. FREEMAN CLEVENGER 2 The Law Enforcement Officer 8 SHARON M. FREEMAN CLEVENGER 3 Assessment and Evaluation: Collecting the Requisite Building Blocks for Treatment Planning 23 STEPHEN F. CURRAN 4 Of Mind and Body: Health Consequences of Stress and Trauma on Police Officers 44 JOHN M. VIOLANTI 5 Critical Incident Stress Debriefing: What is the State of the Science? 70 BRANDI BURQUE, MONTY T. BAKER, VINCENT B. VAN HASSELT, AND JUDY COUWELS 6 Law Enforcement and Military Members: Engaging in the Community 99 KAREN C. KALMBACH AND RANDY GARNER 7 Special Issues with Military Law Enforcement Officers 131 DELORIA WILSON, JOHN PRICE, AND BRANDI BURQUE CONTENTS 8 Law Enforcement in Corrections 145 ANDREA M. BROCKMAN, BRANDI BURQUE, VINCENT B. VAN HASSELT, AND MONTY T. BAKER PART II Special Topics for Law Enforcement Officers 169 9 Police Officers in the Legal System 171 LAURENCE MILLER 10 Special Units Policing: Hostage Negotiation, Undercover, and Sex Crimes Investigation 184 LAURENCE MILLER 11 Police Officer Stress: Syndromes and Strategies for Intervention 202 LAURENCE MILLER 12 Managing Mentally Ill Individuals: Recommendations for Police Officers 222 LAURENCE MILLER 13 Fatal Crash Investigation: First Responder Issues 239 R. TRENT CODD, III 14 Post-Traumatic Growth in Police Officers: Guidelines for Facilitating Post-Traumatic Growth 256 STEPHEN JOSEPH, DAVID MURPHY, AND STEPHEN REGEL 15 The Law Enforcement Chaplain: Grief, Loss, Honor, and Compassion 269 ROBERT E. DOUGLAS, CHRISTINE M. HEINY, AND SHARON M. FREEMAN CLEVENGER Index 284 viii A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S This book is dedicated to all of those police officers and their family members who deploy each day into harm’s way in order to keep the rest of us safe. Especially to those officers who responded to the Sandy Hook Elementary School tragedy, the officers and first responders to the Boston Marathon bombing, and the countless other officers who have faced similar horrors and yet continue to protect and serve. We owe a tremendous debt of gratitude to your selfless service. Sharon M. Freeman Clevenger would also like to thank her husband, Brig Gen (retired) Richard Clevenger who has been exceptionally patient and supportive while this book was in process. Rick, you are my light, my anchor, and my best friend. Special thanks to Nancy, Bryan, and Steve Hough for sharing your stories as police families, and for your personal sacrifices to protect and serve. Laurence Miller is grateful to his family, Joan and Halle, for their ongoing support of his various projects, as well as admiring their own independent contributions to the field of mental health practice. He would also like to thank his many students over the years for their insightful questions and comments that keep this clinician, researcher, and teacher on his toes. Bret A. Moore would like to thank his wife, Lori, and daughter, Kaitlyn, for their ongoing support of his work. Art Freeman is grateful for the opportunity to work at Midwestern University with the finest faculty and staff of any psychology program anywhere, and to the MWU students who challenge and invigorate my work. The professionals with whom I consult ask questions that stretch my thinking in new and exciting directions. ix