Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences Series Editors: Mark Geyer, La Jolla, CA, USA Bart Ellenbroek, Hamburg, Germany Charles Marsden, Nottingham, UK Aboutthisseries Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences provides critical and comprehensive discussions of the most significant areas of behavioral neuroscience research, written by leading international authorities. Each volume offers an informative andcontemporaryaccountofitssubject,makingitanunrivalledreferencesource. Titlesinthisseriesareavailableinbothprintandelectronicformats. With the development of new methodologies for brain imaging, genetic and genomicanalyses,molecularengineeringofmutantanimals,novelroutesfordrug delivery,andsophisticatedcross-speciesbehavioralassessments,itisnowpossible tostudybehaviorrelevanttopsychiatricandneurologicaldiseasesanddisorderson the physiological level.The Behavioral Neurosciences series focuses on ‘‘transla- tional medicine’’ and cutting-edge technologies. Preclinical and clinical trials for thedevelopment ofnewdiagnosticsandtherapeuticsaswellasprevention efforts arecoveredwheneverpossible. . Roger A.H. Adan Walter H. Kaye l Editors Behavioral Neurobiology of Eating Disorders Editors Prof.Dr.RogerA.H.Adan Prof.Dr.WalterH.Kaye RudolfMagnusInstituteofNeuroscience UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego DepartmentofNeuroscienceand DepartmentofPsychiatry Pharmacology LaJollaDrive8950 Universiteitsweg100 LaJolla,CA92037 3508ABUtrecht SuiteC207 Netherlands USA [email protected] [email protected] ISSN1866-3370 e-ISSN1866-3389 ISBN978-3-642-15130-9 e-ISBN978-3-642-15131-6 DOI10.1007/978-3-642-15131-6 SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork #Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9, 1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsare liabletoprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply, evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelaws andregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and applicationcontained in thisbook.In everyindividualcasethe usermust checksuchinformationby consultingtherelevantliterature. Coverillustration:Artisticrepresentationofoscillatorysynchronyandtimingofneuronsinnetworksby GyorgyBuzsaki Coverdesign:WMXDesignGmbH,Heidelberg,Germany Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface This book describes the current state of the art of the neurobiology of eating disorders and provides the latest insights and ideas in the eating disorders field. Importantbreakthroughsinthelastdecadehaveimprovedourunderstandingofthe etiologyofeatingdisorders.Duetoneuropsychologicalstudies,wenowunderstand betterwhichalterationsunderliedisturbedcognitiveprocessinginanorexianervosa and now that these are being combined with imaging and genetics we start to understand the underlying neural circuitry and genetic pathways. Interestingly when combining the novel insights from the different chapters in the book, it emerges,forinstance,thatanorexianervosaisaccompaniedbyadeficitinreward processingandimpairedbehavioralflexibilitywhichisdrivenbyahighdegreeof cognitive control. Clearly, alterations in the dopamine system and an overactive dorsalneurocircuit(includingforinstancethedorsolateralprefrontalcortex)med- iatingcognitiveprocessingareimplicated,whichmayalsounderliepoordecision making. A new concept arises that anorexia nervosa is a neurodevelopmental striatocortical disorder. Because there are animal models that mimic traits of pathologicaleatingbehavior,itispossiblethatsuchmodels,whencombinedwith advances in genetic research, will further contribute to unraveling the molecular pathways underlying eating disorders. That is, studies using animals and the application of genetic variation to explain different responses in human imaging studiesmaygiveusabetterunderstandingofwhatgoeswrongwhereinthebrainof eating disorder patients. Finally, the treatments currently available for eating dis- orders in general, and anorexia nervosa in particular, are inadequate. Perhaps the mostimportantaspectofnewinsightsintohowsymptomsarecodedinthebrainis thatthisprovidesnewtargetsfordevelopingmoreeffective therapies.Becauseof the critical need to advance treatment, we have included several chapters from pioneersinthisfield.Insummary,basedontheknowledgedescribedinthisbook, wehopethatpeopleintheeatingdisorderfieldgetinspiredtoexplorenewhorizons fortherapeuticinterventionsthatarebasedonthenewinsights. Utrecht,TheNetherlands RogerA.H.Adan LaJolla,CA,USA WalterH.Kaye v . Contents PartICognitionandEmotionsinEatingDisorders PersonalityandTemperament .................................................. 3 LisaRachelleRisoLilenfeld CognitionsandEmotionsinEatingDisorders ................................ 17 NicoletteSiep,AnitaJansen,RemcoHavermans,andAnneRoefs PartIINeuralCircuits,Neurotransmitters,andBehavior NeurocircuityofEatingDisorders ............................................. 37 WalterH.Kaye,AngelaWagner,JulieL.Fudge,andMartinPaulus Serotonin:ImagingFindingsinEatingDisorders ............................ 59 UrsulaF.BailerandWalterH.Kaye Dopamine-BasedRewardCircuitryResponsivity,Genetics, andOvereating .................................................................. 81 EricStice,SonjaYokum,DavidZald,andAlainDagher RewardandNeurocomputationalProcesses .................................. 95 GuidoK.W.Frank Cognitive-BehavioralFlexibilityinAnorexiaNervosa ..................... 111 Hans-ChristophFriederichandWolfgangHerzog NeuralCircuits,Neurotransmitters,andBehavior ........................ 125 HowardSteiger,KennethR.Bruce,andPatriciaGroleau vii viii Contents PartIIIGenetics,GenderandHeritability TheHeritabilityofEatingDisorders:MethodsandCurrentFindings .. 141 LauraM.Thornton,SuzanneE.Mazzeo,andCynthiaM.Bulik TheGeneticsofEatingDisorders ............................................ 157 SietskeG.HelderandDavidA.Collier TheInfluenceofGenderandPubertyontheHeritability ofDisorderedEatingSymptoms ............................................. 177 KristenM.Culbert,SarahE.Racine,andKellyL.Klump PartIVNeuroendocrinologyandAnimalResearch NewFrontiersinEndocrinologyofEatingDisorders ...................... 189 PalmieroMonteleone AnimalModelsofEatingDisorderTraits .................................. 209 MartienJ.H.KasandRogerA.H.Adan NeurobiologyDrivingHyperactivityinActivity-BasedAnorexia ......... 229 R.A.H.Adan,J.J.G.Hillebrand,U.N.Danner,S.CardonaCano, M.J.H.Kas,andL.A.W.Verhagen PartVTranslationalApproachtoTreatment TranslatingExperimentalNeuroscienceintoTreatmentofEating Disorders:TwoExamples .................................................... 253 UlrikeSchmidt,AnnaOldershaw,andAnnemarievanElburg CognitiveRemediationTherapyforEatingDisorders:Development, RefinementandFutureDirections ........................................... 269 KateTchanturiaandJamesLock IncorporatingDispositionalTraitsintotheTreatment ofAnorexiaNervosa .......................................................... 289 NancyL.Zucker,DavidHerzog,AshleyMoskovich,RhondaMerwin, andTammyLin Index ........................................................................... 315 Contributors RogerA.H.Adan DepartmentofNeuroscienceandPharmacology,RudolfMagnusInstituteofNeu- roscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Str. 5.203, P.O.B. 85060 3508 AB Utrecht,TheNetherlandsandAltrechtEatingDisordersRintveld,AltrechtMental HealthInstitute,Zeist,TheNetherlands,[email protected] UrsulaF.Bailer Division of Biological Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, MedicalUniversityofVienna,Vienna,AustriaandEatingDisorderTreatmentand ResearchProgram,DepartmentofPsychiatry,UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego, LaJolla,CA,USA KennethR.Bruce Eating Disorders Program, Douglas University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Blvd, Montreal(Verdun),QC, Canada H4H 1R3 and Department ofPsychiatry,McGill University,Montreal,QC,CanadaandDepartmentofPsychology,McGillUniver- sity,Montreal,QC,Canada CynthiaM.Bulik Department ofPsychiatry,UniversityofNorth Carolina at Chapel Hill,101Man- ningDrive,CB#7160,ChapelHill,NC27599-7160,USA,[email protected] S.CardonaCano DepartmentofNeuroscienceandPharmacology,RudolfMagnusInstituteofNeu- roscience, UniversityMedical Centre Utrecht,Str. 5.203, P.O.B. 85060,3508 AB Utrecht,TheNetherlands ix