01_573993 ffirs.qxd 6/16/05 2:18 PM Page i Beginning Mac OS® X Programming Michael Trent and Drew McCormack 01_573993 ffirs.qxd 6/16/05 2:18 PM Page iv 01_573993 ffirs.qxd 6/16/05 2:18 PM Page i Beginning Mac OS® X Programming Michael Trent and Drew McCormack 01_573993 ffirs.qxd 6/16/05 2:18 PM Page ii Beginning Mac OS®X Programming Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard Indianapolis, IN 46256 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2005 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN-10: 0-7645-7399-3 ISBN-13: 978-0-7645-7399-6 Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1B/QX/QX/QV/IN Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Trent, Michael, 1972- Beginning Mac OSX programming / Michael Trent and Drew McCormack. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN-13: 978-0-7645-7399-6 (paper/website) ISBN-10: 0-7645-7399-3 (paper/website) 1. Mac OS. 2. Operating systems (Computers) 3. Macintosh (Computers)—Programming. I. McCormack, Drew, 1971- II. Title. QA76.76.063T74565 2005 005.4'46—dc22 2005010351 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, (317) 572-3447, fax (317) 572-4355, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. 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Mac OS is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publish- ing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. 01_573993 ffirs.qxd 6/16/05 2:18 PM Page iii About the Authors Michael Trent has been programming in Objective-C since1997 and programming Macs since well before that. He is a regular contributor to Steven Frank’s www.cocoadev.comwebsite, technical reviewer for numerous books and magazine articles, and occasional dabbler in Mac OS X open source projects. Currently, he is using Objective-C and Apple Computer’s Cocoa frameworks to build profes- sional and consumer applications for Mac OS X. Michael holds a Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and a Bachelor of Arts in Music from Beloit College of Beloit, Wisconsin. He lives in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with his family. Drew McCormackhas a Ph.D. in Chemical Physics and works as a computational scientist in the Theoretical Chemistry group at the Free University in Amsterdam. He is involved in developing the Quantum Chemistry software ADF (www.scm.com), which is run the world over on computers ranging from desktop Macs to massive supercomputers. He programs regularly in Python, C++, Objective-C, Fortran, and Bash, and in his spare time develops the Cocoa financial software Trade Strategist (www. trade-strategist.com). Drew maintains the Maniacal Extent website—a reference to the chaotic dimension, time—which details his various interests and activities (www.maniacalextent.com). m o c k. Credits o o b e k Acquisitions Editor Project Coordinator o o Katie Mohr Erin Smith p w. w Senior Development Editor Graphics and Production Specialists w Jodi Jensen April Farling m o Carrie Foster r Technical Editor Lauren Goddard d f a Terrence Talbot Denny Hager o Joyce Haughey nl w Production Editor Amanda Spagnuolo o D Felicia Robinson Julie Trippetti Copy Editor Quality Control Technicians Kim Cofer Leeann Harney Jessica Kramer Editorial Manager Joseph Niesen Mary Beth Wakefield Carl Pierce Dwight Ramsey Vice President & Executive Group Publisher Richard Swadley Media Development Specialists Angela Denny Vice President and Publisher Kit Malone Joseph B. Wikert Travis Silvers Proofreading and Indexing TECHBOOKS Production Services 01_573993 ffirs.qxd 6/16/05 2:18 PM Page iv 01_573993 ffirs.qxd 6/16/05 2:18 PM Page v For Angela and Katie —MT For Jennifer and Gileesa —DM m o c k. o o b e k o o p w. w w m o r d f a o nl w o D 01_573993 ffirs.qxd 6/16/05 2:18 PM Page vi 02_573993 ftoc.qxd 6/16/05 2:20 PM Page vii Contents Acknowledgments xvii Introduction xix Part I: Mac OS X Developer Resources 1 Chapter 1: The Mac OS X Environment 3 Introducing the Mac OS X 3 Try It Out: Slide Master 4 The Core Operating System 6 m o The Kernel 8 c k. The System Library 8 o o Unix Commands 9 eb k Try It Out: Experiencing Darwin’s Command-Line Interface 9 o o Graphics and Media Layers 11 p w. The Quartz Compositor 12 w w Quartz 2D 14 m OpenGL 14 o r QuickTime 15 d f a Application Frameworks and UI 15 o nl Cocoa 16 w o Carbon 16 D Java JDK 17 Apple Human Interface Guidelines 18 Summary 19 Exercises 20 Chapter 2: Developer Tools 21 Installing the Developer Software 21 Developer Applications 22 Build Tools 22 Performance Tools 22 MallocDebug 23 ObjectAlloc 24 Quartz Debug 25 Sampler 26