Beethoven’s Conversation Books Anton Schindler (1795–1864). Caricature by (Carl) Adolph Mende (1807–1857), ca. 1852, Inv-No 54434 D. Courtesy of Städel Museum, Frankfurt am Main. Beethoven’s Conversation Books Volume 4: Nos. 32 to 43 (May 1823 to September 1823) Edited and translated by Theodore Albrecht the boydell press Translation and editorial matter © Theodore Albrecht 2022 A licensed edition of Ludwig van Beethovens Konversationshefte, Bd. 3 and Bd. 4 edited by Karl-Heinz Köhler, Grita Herre and Dagmar Beck © 1983 and 1968 by Deutscher Verlag für Musik Leipzig All Rights Reserved. Except as permitted under current legislation no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast, transmitted, recorded or reproduced in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the copyright owner First published 2022 The Boydell Press, Woodbridge ISBN 978 1 78327 621 9 hardback ISBN 978 1 80010 396 2 ePDF The Boydell Press is an imprint of Boydell & Brewer Ltd PO Box 9, Woodbridge, Suffolk IP12 3DF, UK and of Boydell & Brewer Inc. 668 Mt Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620–2731, USA website: www.boydellandbrewer.com A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Typeset by BBR Design, Sheffield This volume is dedicated to Professor Eduard Melkus. Contents General Introduction to the English Edition ix Acknowledgements xxiii Reader’s Guide xxvi Directionality in Vienna (True and Perceived) xxxviii Highlights of Volume 4 xl Heft 32. (ca. May 5/6, 1823 – ca. May 17, 1823) 1 Heft 33. (May 18, 1823 – ca. June 1, 1823) 35 Heft 34. (June 15, 1823 – ca. June 25/28, 1823) 51 Heft 35. (June 29, 1823 – ca. July 20, 1823) 77 Heft 36. (ca. July 23/24, 1823 – ca. July 30, 1823) 105 Heft 37. (ca. July 31, 1823 – ca. August 3, 1823) 121 Heft 38. (ca. August 4, 1823 – ca. August 11, 1823) 127 Heft 39. (ca. August 14/18, 1823 – ca. August 30/31, 1823) 153 Heft 40. (ca. August 31, 1823 – ca. September 2, 1823) 175 Heft 41. (September 3, 1823 – ca. September 9, 1823) 191 Heft 42. (ca. September 10, 1823 – ca. September 19, 1823) 215 Heft 43. (ca. September 19, 1823 – September 28, 1823) 231 Appendix: Descriptions of the Conversation Books in Volume 4 263 Bibliography 265 Index of Writers of Conversational Entries 282 Index of Beethoven’s Compositions 284 General Index 288 General Introduction to the English Edition Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) is recognized the world over as one of the greatest composers of all time and is especially known for his musical triumphs in the face of increasing deafness, beginning around 1798.1 In 1801 he confided his early hearing loss to Dr. Franz Wegeler in Bonn and schoolmaster/violinist Carl Amenda in Latvia, friends who had lived in Vienna but were now safely far away.2 By the summer of 1802 others were starting to perceive lapses in his hearing, and his fear and confusion are reflected in the Heiligenstadt Testament in October of that year.3 With more good days than bad, Beethoven’s hearing slowly became weaker, although it had not yet interfered with his performing in public, even with orchestra on the marathon concert of December 22, 1808.4 Between 1812 and 1816 he tried using ear trumpets (made for him by Johann 1 There are many medical accounts of Beethoven’s deafness. Possibly the most complete and objective in English is by the Australian physician Peter J. Davies, Beethoven in Person: His Deafness, Illnesses, and Death (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2001), pp. 42–65 and 217–218. 2 On June 29, 1801, Beethoven wrote to Franz Gerhard Wegeler: “For the last three years my hearing has become weaker and weaker.” Two days later, on July 1, he wrote to Amenda: “My most prized possession, my hearing, has greatly deteriorated. While you were still with me, I already felt the symptoms, but I said nothing about them.” Amenda had left Vienna shortly after June 25, 1799. See Emily Anderson, transl. and ed., The Letters of Beethoven, 3 vols. (London: Macmillan, 1961), Nos. 51 and 53; and (for Amenda’s reply) Theodore Albrecht, transl. and ed., Letters to Beethoven and Other Correspondence, 3 vols. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1996), No. 31. 3 Ferdinand Ries noted brief lapses while walking with Beethoven in the rural paths around Heiligenstadt, confirmed in the composer’s so-called “Heiligenstadt Testament.” See Franz Gerhard Wegeler and Ferdinand Ries, Beethoven Remembered, transl. Frederick Noonan (Arlington, Va.: Great Ocean Publishers, 1987), pp. 86–87; and Anderson, Vol. 3, Appendix A, pp. 1351–1354 (the Heiligenstadt Testament, actually close to a fair copy, dated October 6 and 10, 1802). 4 Alexander Wheelock Thayer, Thayer’s Life of Beethoven, ed. Elliot Forbes (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1964/67), pp. 446–449. The breakdown in the performance of the Choral Fantasy, Op. 80, the last item on the program, was probably caused by orchestral fatigue at the tricky transition between the nocturnal Adagio, ma non troppo in 6/8 and the ensuing Marcia, assai vivace in 2/4 (Gesamtausgabe, p. 22). x Beethoven’s Conversation Books Nepomuk Mälzel and possibly his brother Leonhard, also an inventor) with varying, but largely disappointing, degrees of success.5 Between December 8, 1813, and February 27, 1814, Beethoven conducted (or attempted to conduct) four benefit concerts with an orchestra of ca. 113 professionals, causing considerable commentary about his exaggerated motions, some of which by now were the inevitable result of his weakened hearing.6 At the performances, which included the premieres of his Symphonies Nos. 7 and 8, as well as Wellington’s Victory, Beethoven’s motions were probably shadowed, much more accurately, by conductor Michael Umlauf. In the fall of 1814, as the Congress of Vienna assembled, Beethoven composed a cantata, Der glorreiche Augenblick, for the occasion. On October 10 the Prague pianist and pedagogue Johann Wenzel Tomaschek visited Beethoven, found sketches for the cantata on the piano, and reported that the composer “was especially hard of hearing this day, so that one had to shout, rather than speak, in order to be understood.” Tomaschek returned on November 24, just as the parts for the cantata were being copied: “Beethoven received me very politely, but appeared to be very deaf on this day, for I had to exert myself to the utmost to make myself understood.” Even though many of his other comments were caustic, Tomaschek did not report that any portion of their conversation took place in writing.7 On November 15, 1815, Beethoven’s younger brother Carl died, leaving the composer as the contested guardian of his son Karl (b. September 4, 1806). Beethoven soon placed nephew Karl in a boarding school run by Cajetan Giannatasio del Rio, but paid frequent visits, to the extent that Giannatasio’s daughter Franziska (Fanny) developed a crush on the composer and reported their spoken conversations in her diary.8 The Beginnings of Written Conversations by 1816 In September, 1816, Peter Joseph Simrock (1792–1868), son of the Bonn publisher Nikolaus Simrock (1751–1832), came to Vienna to reestablish his father’s earlier close 5 Davies, pp. 50–52, provides a sufficient survey. On April 8, 1823, Beethoven confided his disap- pointment in such mechanical devices to a chance acquaintance, Herr Sandra, also going deaf. See Heft 28, Blätter 41v–42v. 6 For a good survey of accounts of the rehearsals and concerts by Louis Spohr and others, see Thayer-Forbes, pp. 564–567. 7 Oscar George Sonneck, ed., Beethoven: Impressions by his Contemporaries (New York: G. Schirmer, 1926; repr. New York: Dover Publications, 1967), pp. 100 and 102–103. 8 Ludwig Nohl, ed., Eine stille Liebe zu Beethoven. Nach dem Tagebuche einer jungen Dame (Leipzig: Ernst Julius Günther, 1875), An Unrequited Love: An Episode in the Life of Beethoven (from the Diary of a Young Lady), transl. Annie Wood (London: Richard Bentley & Son, 1876). GENERAL INTRODUCTION xi connections with Beethoven9 and later told biographer Alexander Wheelock Thayer of his activities. Young Simrock often visited Beethoven at Baden (his summer apartment), at his apartment in the Sailerstätte (inside the City walls), and at the restaurant Zur goldenen Birne (Hauptstrasse 42 in the nearby suburb of Landstrasse), where Beethoven often ate midday dinner.10 Simrock told Thayer that “he had no difficulty in making Beethoven understand him if he spoke into his left ear; but anything personal or confidential had to be communicated in writing.” Thayer continues: on one occasion the composer handed him [Simrock] paper and pencil, remarking that his servant was an eavesdropper, etc. A few days afterwards, when Simrock visited again, Beethoven said: “Now we can talk because I have given my servant 5 Gulden, a kick in the rear, and sent him to the devil!” Everywhere in public, said Simrock, Beethoven complained about Emperor Franz because of the reduction of paper money,11 but he was known and the police officials let him do what he pleased.12 Simrock probably departed Vienna on September 29 or 30, 1816, after having spent approximately a month in the Austrian capital.13 From roughly November, 1816, through April, 1817, Beethoven reportedly gave 9 Peter Joseph Simrock had been born in Bonn on August 18, 1792, and therefore had reached his majority of 24 years only on August 18, 1816. As such, he probably could not have made any legally binding business agreements before that date. Thus he must have arrived in Vienna sometime in early September, 1816. For young Simrock’s dates, see Lothar Niefind and Walther Ottendorff-Simrock, “Simrock,” MGG, 2nd ed., Personenteil, vol. 15, cols. 835–838. While Beethoven still lived in Bonn, Nikolaus Simrock had been second (low) hornist in the Electoral orchestra, and the young composer (whose lower lip, from portraits and the life mask, seems appropriate to a low hornist) seemingly took lessons from him. 10 Beethoven’s City address during this time was on the 3rd floor [4th floor, American] of Count Lamberti’s building, Sailerstätte Nos. 1055–1056 [renumbered as 994 in 1821]. Beethoven’s surviving letter to Simrock during this period indicates that the visitor was staying at Landstrasser Hauptstrasse No. 40 [renumbered as 50 in 1821], only two buildings north of the Birne, No. 42 [renumbered as 52 in 1821], on the east side of the street. See Anderson, Nos. 647, 661, and 662; Brandenburg, No. 977, 979, and 982; Behsel, pp. 30 and 71. 11 At this point, the English-language editions by Krehbiel (who may have seen Thayer’s original notes) and Forbes (copying Krehbiel) quote Beethoven concerning Emperor Franz: “Such a rascal ought to be hanged to the first tree.” Thayer’s original publication and Thayer-Deiters-Riemann omit this sentence and, instead, drop to a footnote, saying (in German), “We shall pass over the very severe expressions imparted by Simrock.” 12 Thayer (1879), III, pp. 402–403; Thayer-Deiters-Riemann, III, p. 566; Thayer-Krehbiel, III, pp. 343–344; and Thayer-Forbes, p. 647; also excerpted in Davies, p. 52. 13 Unfortunately, Simrock’s name does not appear among the selective daily Arrivals and Departures listed in the Wiener Zeitung during this period. Simrock later told Ludwig Nohl that he had eaten midday dinner with Beethoven at the Mehlgrube on Neuer Markt (in the City) every day for two weeks (Kopitz and Cadenbach, II, p. 915). Added to the locations reported to Thayer, this suggests a month’s stay. Fanny Giannatasio del Rio reported in her diary that Beethoven brought Simrock with him for a visit on September 28, and letters to German destinations that Simrock took with him