Bee Products Properties, Applications, and Apitherapy Bee Products Properties, Applications, and Apitherapy Edited by Av shalom Mizrahi The Israeli College of Complementary Medicine Tel Aviv, Israel and Yaacov Lensky Triwaks Bee Research Center The Hebrew University Rehovot, Israel Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Library of Congress Catalog1ng-1n-PublIcatlon Data Bee products : properties, applications, and apitherapy / edited by Avshalom Mizrahl and Yaacov Lensky. p. cm. "Proceedings of an International Conference on Bee Products: Properties, Applications, and Apitherapy, held May 26-30, 1996, i n Tel Aviv, Israel"—T.p. verso. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Bee products—Therapeutic use—Congresses. 2. Bee products- -Physiological effect—Congresses. I. Mlzrahi, A. II. Lensky, Yaacov. III. International Conference on Bee Products: Properties, Applications, and Apitherapy (1996 : Tel Aviv, Israel) [DNLM: 1. Honey—congresses. 2. Bee Venoms—therapeutic use- -congresses. 3. Bee Venoms—pharmacology—congresses. 4. Propolis- -congresses. QV 785 B414 1996] RM666.B378B44 1996 615' .36~dc21 DNLM/DLC for Library of Congress 96-51895 CIP Proceedings of an International Conference on Bee Products: Properties, Applications, and Apitherapy, held May 26-30, 1996, in Tel Aviv, Israel ISBN 978-1-4757-9373-4 ISBN 978-1-4757-9371-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-9371-0 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 1997 Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1997 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1997 http://www.plenum.com All rights reserved 109 8 76 54 3 2 1 No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher PREFACE The nature .and diversity of presentations at the conference on: "Bee Products: Prop erties, Applications and Apitherapy" held at Tel-Aviv on May 26--30, 1996, emphasize the increasing interest of physicians, practitioners, scientists, herbalists, dieticians, cosmeti cians, microbiologists, and beekeepers in different facets of bee products. This volume consists of a selection of 31 contributions presented at the conference and which provide information on the present status of our knowledge in this area. In spite of their diversity, they reflect the mainstream of the conference, namely: "Imported" Prod ucts (honey, pollen and propolis), Exocrine Secretions of Workers (venom, royal jelly). Toxicity and Contaminants, Quality Control, Marketing, Apitherapy, Cosmetics, etc. Since antiquity, honey as well as other bee products were used as food, as a cure for ailments of humans and animals, and as cosmetics. We hope that this volume will contribute to interdisciplinary studies on chemical composition, pharmacological effects, nutrition, and other aspects of bee products. Critical and unbiased experimental research may unravel the yet unknown composition and mode of action of bee products and elucidate many unanswered questions. The noteworthy features of this conference were the participants from all parts of the world and of different cultural backgrounds, who shared their keen interest and curios ity regarding honey bees and their products. We thank all of them for their personal con tribution to the success of this conference. Avshalom Mizrahi Yaacov Lensky Editors v THE CONFERENCE ON BEE PRODUCTS The Conference was organized by: The Israeli Honey Production and Marketing Board and The Israeli Beekeepers' Associations and in informal alliances with: • American Apitherapy Society • Apimondia -The International Federation of Beekeeping Association • Asian Apicultural Association • International Bee Research Association • Israeli Dietetic Association • Ministry of Agriculture, State ofIsrael • Ministry of Tourism, State of Israel Local Organizing Committee Avshalom Mizrahi, Ph.D. (Chairman) Yaacov Lensky, Ph.D. (Vice Chairman) Moshe Almaliah, M.Sc. Tsila Dvir, M.Sc. Abraham Hefez, Ph.D. Anatol Karakowsky, M.D. Yanay Sachs David Sadeh Yeshayahu Stem, M.Sc. Boris Yakobson, D.V.M. International Advisory Committee Stefan Bogdanov, Ph.D. (Switzerland) Raymond Borneck, President, Apimondia (France) Kate Chatot (U.S.A.) Theodore Cherbuliez, M.D., President AAS (U.S.A.) Zhibin Lin, M.D. (China) Charles Mraz (U.S.A.) Tetsuo Sakai, Ph.D., President, AAA (Japan) Mira Spitzer-Adir (Croatia) Artur Stojko, Ph.D. (Poland) Bradford S. Weeks, M.D. (U.S.A.) Siriwat Wangsiri, Ph.D. (Thailand) vii CONTENTS 1. The Past and Present Importance of Bee Products to Man Eya Crane 2. Bee Products: Chemical Composition and Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Justin o. Schmidt 3. Honey as an Antimicrobial Agent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 P. C. Molan 4. Non-Peroxide Antibacterial Activity of Honey 39 Stefan Bogdanov 5. Antioxidant Properties of Honey Produced by Bees Fed with Medical Plant Extracts ..................................................... 49 Gennady Rosenblat, Stephane Angonnet, Alexandr Goroshit, Mina Tabak, and Ishak Neeman 6. Speeding Up the Healing of Burns with Honey: An Experimental Study with Histological Assessment of Wound Biopsies ........................ 57 Th. J. Postmes, M. M. C. Bosch, R. Dutrieux, J. van Baare, and M. J. Hoekstra 7. The Effect of Honey on Human Tooth Enamel and Oral Bacteria 65 S. R. Grobler and N. 1. Basson 8. Honey Contact with Teeth in Situ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 I. Gedalia, S. R. Grobler, I. Grizim D. Steinberg, L. Shapira, I. Lewinstein, and Mo. Sela 9. Medicinal Herbs as a Potential Source of High-Quality Honeys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Zohara Yaniv and Michal Rudich 10. The Unique Properties of Honey as Related to Its Application in Food Processing 83 Tsila Dvir 11. Honey as a Clarifying and Anti-browning Agent in Food Processing and a New Method of Mead Production. .. .. . . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . 89 ChangY. Lee ix x Contents 12. Bee-Pollen: Composition, Properties, and Applications 93 M. G. Campos, A. Cunha, and K. R. Markham 13. Clinical Evaluation ofa New HypoaUergic Formula of Pro polis in Dressings. . . 101 W. Fierro Morales and 1. Lopez Garbarino 14. Present State of Basic Studies on Propolis in Japan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Tsuguo Yamamoto 15. The Usage and Composition of Prop olis Added Cosmetics in Korea 121 Park Jong-Sung and Woo Kun-Suk 16. Eucalyptus Propolis Beverages with Their Composition and Effects 125 Woo Kun-Suk and Park Jong-Sung 17. An Inhibitory Effect of Pro polis on Germination and Cell Division in the Root Tips of Wheat Seedlings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 K. Sorkun, S. Bozcuk, A. N. Gomiirgen, and F. Tekin 18. The Exocrine Glands of the Honey Bees: Their Structure and Secretory Products 137 Pierre Cassier and Yaacov Lensky 19. Alarm Pheromones of the Queen and Worker Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.) 151 Yaacov Lensky and Pierre Cassier 20. Protein Traffic between Body Compartments of the Female Honey Bee (Apis melli/era L.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Yoseph Rakover and Yaacov Lensky 21. Effects of Feeding, Age of the Larvae, and Queenlessness on the Production of Royal Jelly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Nuray Sahinler and Osman Kaftanoglu 22. The Use of Royal Jelly during Treatment of Childhood Malignancies 179 Osman Kaftanoglu and Atilla Tanyeli 23. The Role of Hymenopterous Venoms in Nature 185 Eli Zlotkin . 24. Effect of Apamin and Melittin on Ion Channels and Intracellular Calcium of Heart Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 203 G. Bkaily, M. Simaan, D. Jaalouk, and P. Pothier 25. Bee Venom in Treatment of Chronic Diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 213 Th. Cherbuliez 26. Apitherapy in Orthopaedic Diseases 221 Franco Feraboli 27. The Monitoring of Possible Biological and Chemical Contaminants in Bee Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 227 Boris A. Yakobson Contents xi 28. Heavy Metals in Propolis: Practical and Simple Procedures to Reduce the Lead Level in the Brazilian Propolis ................................... 231 Nivia Macedo Freire Alcici 29. Acaricide Residues in Beeswax and Honey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 S. Bogdanov, V. Ki1chenmann, and A. Imdorf 30. Judging the Quality of Honey by Sensory Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 247 Michel Gonnet 31. Methods for the Characterization of the Botanical and Geographical Origin of Some Bee Products and for Their Quality Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 253 Giancarlo Ricciardelli D'Albore Index 263 Bee Products Properties, Applications, and Apitherapy