A ROUTLEDGE FREEBOOK BECOMING A BETTER LEADER APPLYING KEY STRATEGIES 18TH ANNUAL GLOBAL CONFERENCE The Dynamics of Inclusive Leadership CALL FOR PROPOSALS November 2 – 5, 2016 Opens October 15, 2015 Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A. Deadline: February 1, 2016 www.ila-net.org [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS 03 :: INTRODUCTION 11 :: 1. THE LEADERSHIP TOOLKIT by Michael Genovese 22 :: 2. HOW TO BE A BETTER FOLLOWER by Marc Hurwitz 30 :: 3. LEADERS – BORN OR MADE? by Aneil K. Mishra and Karen E. Mishra 44 :: 4. ETHICAL LEADERSHIP by Lonnie R. Morris, Jr. 50 :: 5. THE FIVE COMPONENTS OF LEADERSHIP by Robert M. McManus and Gama Perruci 58 :: 6. BEING A VIRTUAL LEADER by Nita Cherry 64 :: 7. COACHING RISING STARS AROUND THE GENDER GAP by Michael Harvey 77 :: 8. SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH DEEP SYSTEMS LEADERSHIP by Rian Satterwhite 84 :: 9. MULTICULTURAL AND GLOBAL LEADERSHIP by Juana Bordas 92 :: 10. COMING TO JUDGMENT by Nathan Harter 98 :: 11. HAVING EFFECTIVE CONVERSATIONS by Al Bolea and Leanne Atwater 117 :: 12. CULTIVATING THE CAPACITY TO SUFFER by John Eric Baugher and Éliane Ubalijoro 123 :: 13. SELF-SACRIFICE AND HUMILITY IN LEADERSHIP by Rob Nielsen, Jennifer A. Marrone, and Holly S. Ferraro 136 :: 14. YOUR ROLE IN CREATING HEALTHY ORGANIZATIONS by Kathryn Goldman Schuyler 144 :: 15. 10 COMMON ERRORS IN PEOPLE MANAGEMENT by Carlos Martí Sanchis 150 :: 16. LESSONS TO ENHANCE WOMEN’S EFFECTIVENESS IN LEADERSHIP by Faith Wambura Ngunjiri, Karen A. Longman, and Susan R. Madsen INTRODUCTION In the first edition of the Handbook of Leadership, renowned leadership researcher, Ralph Stogdill (1974) stated, “there are almost as many different definitions of leadership as there are persons who have attempted to define the concept” (p. 7). Anyone who has studied leadership and its definitions will realize that this is an exaggeration. Although there are a number of different ways to define leadership, there are many common elements in most of these definitions, such as the ability to motivate/inspire, providing goal direction, and fostering good leader-follower relationships. I wish the same thing could be said about methods of leadership development. Ronald E. Riggio, Ph.D. is the Henry R. Kravis Professor There are so many different approaches to developing leaders and leadership that it of Leadership and Organizational may not be hyperbole to rework the Stogdill quote: “there are almost as many Psychology and former director of the Kravis Leadership Institute different ways to develop leaders as there are individuals who work in the area of at Claremont McKenna College. leadership development.” The problem, however, is that so little of the vast array of leadership development strategies and techniques have been adequately tested for effectiveness. Moreover, all too often, techniques and programs that purport to develop leadership are not based on theory or research, but merely have what social scientists refer to as “face validity” – they look like they work, but they have not been fully tested. An analogy from the early days of medicine is the enormous variety of pills, potions, and lotions peddled by medical practitioners that would “cure what ails you.” These remedies appeared to have a sort of face validity: “If it smells and tastes bad, it must work.” As a result, many patients in the bygone era simply held their noses and took the medicine, hoping that it would work. Sadly, some leadership development efforts are like that. The point is not to liken leadership development practitioners to snake oil salesmen, but rather to emphasize that if you want to actually develop leadership, it is important that the development program be both theory-based and have some demonstrated effectiveness. We know that leadership development efforts can and do work. Bruce Avolio and his colleagues conducted a meta-analysis of over 100 years of leadership intervention research, and showed that on the whole, leadership development programs, particularly those based on solid theoretical foundations, do indeed work (Avolio, Reichard, Hannah, Walumbwa, & Chan, 2009). Becoming a Better Leader contains strategies and methods for leadership development that are based on research and theory, and those that have demonstrated effectiveness. The authors are some of the top scholars and practitioners in leadership studies and leader development. The development strategies, like the authors, are diverse in terms of their background and experience, but all are recognized experts. ROUTLEDGE 3 ROUTLEDGE.COM INTRODUCTION Included in this collection is a leadership toolkit by one of the top scholars of political leadership, as well as a five-component model for leadership from two of the leading leadership educators in the United States. You will also hear from top-notch leadership coaches about ways to garner trust and to be more effective in leading diverse groups. Experts discuss global leadership and issues related to gender and leadership. The focus is not only on leadership, but also on what makes an individual an effective follower. Research in the past decade has increasingly recognized the important role of followers in the leadership equation. Our experts also focus on specific aspects of leadership. Simple strategies such as how to lead decision making processes, and basic communication and conversational skills are discussed, as well as more complex elements of leadership, such as leading in an increasingly diverse world, leading virtually, how to build trust, leading ethically, and leading with humility. Beyond focusing on how to lead and how to lead well, several of the chapters in this collection address the key question of “Leadership for what?” – for example, addressing the challenge of climate change and environmental stability, or for garnering international cooperation. Developing leadership is not as simple and straightforward as one might think. Leadership, at its core, is about relationships – leaders and followers working together, navigating a complex environment, overcoming obstacles, being innovative, in order to get things done. This book is a good starting point for the development of new or prospective leaders, but it is also a terrific guide for established leaders (and followers) to develop leadership capacity, in themselves, and in the teams, groups, organizations, and collectives where they work and live. We do know from research on leadership development that there are certain requirements for effective leader development. First and foremost, there must be motivation to develop as a leader (Reichard & Johnson, 2011). An individual (or a team) must seek to develop and be willing to work hard to improve leadership skills and capacity. Second, good leadership development often begins with some sort of assessment – a means to measure current leadership knowledge, skills, and abilities to provide some baseline to be able to note improvement. Then, the leadership development intervention takes place, and much of this book focuses exactly on that – strategies to improve leadership and leader effectiveness. Finally, evaluation is needed to provide feedback about improvement and to allow for further improvement and refinement. Leadership development programs that have all of these elements tend to be more effective. ROUTLEDGE 4 ROUTLEDGE.COM INTRODUCTION In summary, welcome to Becoming a Better Leader. You are likely reading this book because you have the motivation to develop yourself and your team or your organization’s leadership capacity. I truly believe that this book will aid in your efforts, and, as the saying goes, it is important to remember that leadership (and leadership development) is not a destination, but a journey. Good luck with that journey. REFERENCES Avolio, B.J., Reichard, R.J., Hannah, S.T., Walumbwa, F.O., & Chan, A. (2009). A meta-analytic review of leadership impact research: Experimental and quasi-experimental studies. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(5), 764-784. Reichard, R.J., & Johnson, S.K. (2011). Leader self-development as organizational strategy. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(1), 33-42. Stogdill, R.M. (1974). Handboook of leadership: A survey of theory and research. New York: Free Press. INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY RON RIGGIO “A number of relevant insights from the applied literature are included in an accessible manner. It provides a useful link between theory, evidence and application to real world organisations. This textbook provides a useful and well-argued treatment of relatively abstract and difficult topics, such as motivation and leadership.”- Abhijit Sharma, Bradford University School of Management ROUTLEDGE 5 ROUTLEDGE.COM INTRODUCTION HOW TO USE THIS BOOK Whether you’re a CEO in a fast-paced, high-pressure position, a student organizing a group project, or occupying any role in between, the odds are you could benefit from tips on improving your leadership skills. In partnership with the International Leadership Association, Routledge is proud to present this carefully curated selection of practical, succinct skills for leadership development. The contributors and excerpts represent a selection of timely, diverse topics that will illuminate key skills and concepts every leader should master. In this eBook, you’ll learn what makes a leader, how to lead ethically, how to be a leader in a virtual environment, how to lead with humility, how to tackle global leadership challenges, and more! Feel free to skip around and focus on the topics that are most important to you. And remember, if you’d like to delve deeper into any of these topics or simply learn more about leadership, all of the titles featured in Becoming a Better Leader are available in full from our website. The International Leadership Association (ILA) is the global network for all those who practice, study, and teach leadership. The ILA promotes a deeper understanding of leadership knowledge and practices for the greater good of individuals and communities worldwide. CHAPTER 1 This chapter from Building Tomorrow’s Leaders Today by Michael Genovese equips readers with an easy-to-digest toolkit for skills, temperaments, and specific competencies that will be valuable as we face future leadership needs in a rapidly changing environment. As a political scientist and presidential scholar, Michael Genovese incorporates a wide range of disciplinary perspectives and research on leadership in this book to give students, practitioners, and leadership scholars a welcome and engaging look to the future. CHAPTER 2 Leadership is only half the story – there is no leadership without followership. Dr. Marc Hurwitz is co-author of Leadership is Half the Story: A Fresh Look at Followership, Leadership, and Collaboration, Chief Insight Officer at FliPskills, and faculty at Conrad Business, Entrepreneurship, and Technology Centre, University of Waterloo, Canada. He lends his years of experience to illustrate the importance of ROUTLEDGE 6 ROUTLEDGE.COM INTRODUCTION combining leadership and followership to create great partnerships and healthy, impactful collaborations. CHAPTER 3 Aneil K. Mishra and Karen E. Mishra, managing partner of Total Trust Coaching & Consulting and a business school professor respectively, address how leaders are both born and made in this chapter. They assert that the way leaders build trust is a function of both their innate character and their learned abilities. CHAPTER 4 Lonnie R. Morris, Jr. is a high-powered leader with more than 15 years of higher education experience as a change agent in admissions, recruitment, financial aid, continuing education, graduate enrollment, and articulation. In this chapter he makes a simple case for ethical leadership: you can never go wrong when you do the right thing. CHAPTER 5 Any individual who aspires to become better at an endeavor must first acquire a certain level of knowledge related to it. In this chapter Robert M. McManus, Associate Professor of Leadership Studies at Marietta College, and Gama Perruci, Dean of the McDonough Leadership Center at Marietta College, allow you to do just that by breaking leadership down into five straightforward components. CHAPTER 6 In an ever-changing world leadership issues are constantly being re-thought, re-negotiated, or adjusted. Professor of Leadership at Swinburne University of Technology in Melbourne, Australia Nita Cherry provides tips on how to stay energetically engaged in a virtual environment in this chapter. CHAPTER 7 A key aspect of being an effective leader is recognizing and fostering leadership potential in the next generation. In this chapter one of Europe’s most experienced leadership coaches, Michael Harvey, examines how to effectively coach rising starts – especially those who may be affected by the gender gap. ROUTLEDGE 7 ROUTLEDGE.COM INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 8 Rian Satterwhite serves as Director of the Holden Center for Leadership & Community Engagement at the University of Oregon. In this chapter, he addresses how the field of leadership must address the challenge of climate change and environmental sustainability in the context of everyday life. CHAPTER 9 As the world becomes increasingly connected the ability to lead people from very distinct cultures, nationalities, and ethnic groups has become fundamental to effective leadership. Here Juana Bordas strives to address the bias toward Western- or European-influenced ways of thinking and broaden the spectrum of leadership. Bordas is former trustee of the ILA and a founder of Mi Casa, one of the first Hispanic organizations in the U.S. focusing on serving Hispanic women. CHAPTER 10 Nathan Harter, J.D., is Professor of Leadership Studies at Christopher Newport University and has distilled the discussion on judgment and decision-making in a leadership context to an accessible overview. His chapter serves to efficiently illustrate the process by which leaders, followers, and investigators decide on a course of action. CHAPTER 11 Al Bolea and Leanne Atwater have paired concrete narratives with succinct research synopses to show how to expand the potential of people and organizations by having effective conversations. Bolea is the founder and architect of the Applied Leadership Seminars and the former CEO/GM of a large independent oil company in the United Arab Emirates. Atwater is a widely-published Professor of Management in the Bauer College of Business at the University of Houston. CHAPTER 12 This essay by John Eric Baugher and Éliane Ubalijoro argues that humanity is inexorably tied to suffering and that to strive to be a better leader is a deeply human pursuit. Baugher is visiting associate professor in Sociology at Goucher College, Ubalijoro is a professor of practice for public-private sector partnerships at McGill ROUTLEDGE 8 ROUTLEDGE.COM INTRODUCTION University’s Institute for the Study of International Development, and together they have demonstrated how developing your capacity to suffer will make you a better leader. CHAPTER 13 In this chapter, Rob Nielsen, Jennifer A. Marrone, and Holly S. Ferraro demonstrate how a humble leader is an effective leader, but is also a confident one. This chapter is full of practical tools, including five simple ways to behave more humbly. CHAPTER 14 Kathryn Goldman Schuyler, PhD, is a sociologist, organizational consultant, and educator who supports leaders in moving with awareness through challenging change. In this chapter she explains how to foster a healthy environment where leaders make all feel included. CHAPTER 15 Over the past 15 years, Carlos Martí Sanchis has served in different business schools and universities. He has used his extensive leadership experience to hone in on 10 common, avoidable errors in leader management and give you the tools you need to navigate them. CHAPTER 16 Scholars and practitioners around the world are in agreement that women remain underrepresented in leadership positions, whether in the arena of business, government, education, civil society, or nonprofit organizations. Drs. Ngunjiri, Longman, and Madsen have been collaborating over the past three years on a book series sponsored by the International Leadership Association and have addressed in this chapter effective ways to enhance women’s leadership. ROUTLEDGE 9 ROUTLEDGE.COM