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B.Com. Part-I Business Economics - Marathi Version PDF

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H I {edmOr {dÚmnrR>, H$moëhmnya Xya {ejU H|$Ð ì`mdgm{`H$ AW©emñÌ nona-1 d 2 àW_df©: dmoUÁ` go{_ñQ>a 1 d 2 gmR>r K J © Hw$bg{Md, {edmOr {dÚmnrR>, H$moëhmnya (_hmamîQ´>) àW_md¥Îmr : 2007 {ÛVr` Amd¥Îmr : 2011 V¥Vr` Amd¥Îmr : 2013 ~r. H$m°_. (ì`mdgm{`H$ AW©emñÌ) ^mJ - 1 H$[aVm gd© h·H$ ñdmYrZ. oedmOr odÚm[rR>mÀ`m [admZJroedm` H$m{UË`mhr àH$mamZ{ Z·H$c H$aVm `{Uma Zmhr. àVr : 2,000 n àH$meH$ : S>m°. S>r. ìhr. _wio Hw$bg{Md, {edmOr {dÚmnrR>, H$moëhmnya - 416 004. n _wÐH$ : AYrjH$, {edmOr {dÚmnrR> _wÐUmb`, H$moëhmnya - 416 004. n ISBN-978-81-906178-4-0 Xya oejU H|$Ð AmoU oedmOr odÚm[rR> `m]ÔcMr _mohVr [wT>rc [Î`mda o_iy eH{$c. H oedmOr odÚm[rR>, odÚmZJa, H$m{ëhm[ya - 416 004. (^maV) H Xay oejU [nafX - Bo§Xam JmY§ r amîQ >r` _·w V odÚm[rR>, Zdr oXëcr `mÀ§ `m odH$gZ AZXw mZmVZy `m gmohË`mMr oZo_V© r H${cr Amh{. (ii) XyaoejU H|$Ð, oedmOr odÚm[rR>, H$m{ëhm[ya n gëcmJma go_Vr n _m. àm. (S>m°.) EZ. Oo. ndma àm. (S>m°.) Ho$. Eg. a§Jmßnm Hw$cJwê$, {edmOr {dÚmnrR>, H$moëhmnya _m. Hw$cJwê$, H$Zm©Q>H$ amÁ` _wŠV {dÚmnrR>, _m. àmMm`© (S>m°.) E. Eg. ^moB©Q>o _mZgJ§JmoÌr, åh¡gya-570006 à-Hw$cJwê$, {edmOr {dÚmnrR>, H$moëhmnya àm. ìhr. d|H$æ`m àm. (S>m°.) Ama. H¥$îUm Hw$_ma g§MmcH$, {dÚmà~mo{YZr S>m°. ~r. Ama. Am§~oS>H$a _wŠV _m. Hw$cJwê$, `ed§Vamd MìhmU _hmamîQ´> _wŠV {dÚmnrR>, {dÚmnrR>, amoS> Z§. 46, Á`w~cr {hc, h¡Ðm~mX-33 Am§Y«àXoe kmZJ§JmoÌr, J§Jmnya S>°_Odi, Zm{eH$-422 222 S>m°. Oo. Eg. nmQ>rc S>m°. A{Zc Jdir A{YîR>mVm, gm_m{OH$ emñÌo {dÚmemIm, A{YîR>mVm, H$cm d c{cVH$cm {dÚmemIm, {edmOr {dÚmnrR>, H$moëhmnya {edmOr {dÚmnrR>, H$moëhmnya S>m°. Ama. Or. \$S>Vao S>m°. gr. Oo. {Icmao A{YîR>mVm, dm{UÁ` {dÚmemIm, A{YîR>mVm, {dkmZ {dÚmemIm, {edmOr {dÚmnrR>, H$moëhmnya {edmOr {dÚmnrR>, H$moëhmnya S>m°. S>r. ìhr. _wio S>m°. E. ~r. amOJo H$wcg{Md, {edmOr {dÚmnrR>, H$mëo hmnay g§MmcH$, _hm{dÚmc` d {dÚmnrR> {dH$mg _§S>i, lr. ìhr. Q>r. nmQ>rc {edmOr {dÚmnrR>, H$moëhmnya {dÎm d coIm A{YH$mar, S>m°. ~r. E_. {hS>}H$a {edmOr {dÚmnrR>, H$moëhmnya narjm {Z`§ÌH$, {edmOr {dÚmnrR>, H$moëhmnya àm. (S>m°.) E. Ama. ^mogco (gXñ` g{Md) S>m°. E. EZ. Omoer gM§ mcH$, d¡îUdr AnmQ>©_|Q>, gX{ZH$m Z§. 8, lra§JZJa, n§qnJ ñQ>oeZ Xya{ejU H|$Ð, {edmOr {dÚmnrR>, H$moëhmnya Odi, J§Jmnya S>°_ Odi, Zm{eH$-422 222 n Aä`mg_§S>i : ì`mdgm{`H$ AW©emñÌ n AÜ`j ----- S>m°. S>r. Ho$. _moao [a¨J amoS>, ZdrZ ~ho ZmH$m, _hmXodZJa, Bñcm_nya, Vm. dmidm, {O. gm§Jcr S>m°. E_. EZ. qeXo S>m°. `w. E_. _miH$a l l Ho$. ~r. nr. H$m°coO, Bñcm_nya, {O. gm§Jcr AmQ>©g, H$m°_g© A°ÊS> gm`Ýg H$m°coO, ncyg, {O. gmVmam. S>m°. S>r. Or. Mm¡Jwco S>m°. lr_Vr nr. Eg. Jm`H$dmS> l l Ý`y H$m°coO, {edmOr noR>, H$moëhmnya. N>ÌnVr {edmOr H$m°coO, gmVmam. S>m°. Eg. E. OmYd S>m°. E. ~r. gw`©d§er l l S>r. Ama. _mZo _hm{dÚmc`, H$mJc, {O. H$moëhmnya. {d^mJà_wI, ì`mdgm{`H$ AW©emñÌ {d^mJ, S>m°. E. Eg. H$ma§S>o ~r. nr. gmimoIo H$m°_g© H$m°coO, ~meu, {O. gmocmnya. l S>m°. lr_Vr dm`. ìhr. OwJio _{hcm _hm{dÚmc`, H$amS>, {O. gmVmam. l qMVm_Uamd H$m°coO Am°\$ H$m°_g©, gm§Jcr. (iii) Xya oejU H|$Ð ì`mdgm{`H$ AW©emñÌ oedmOr odÚm[rR>, H$m{ëhm[ya Aä`mg KQ>H$m§Mo boIH$ gÌ-1 gÌ-2 coIZ gh^mJ KQ>H$ H«$_m§H$ KQ>H$ H«$_m§H$ àm. S>m°. E_. EZ. qeXo 1 -- H$_©dra ^mD$amd nmQ>rc _hm{dÚmc`, Bñcm_nya, {O. gm§Jcr. S>m°. ~r. Ho$. _mZo 2 1 Hw$gy_VmB© amOmam_~mny nmQ>rc H$Ý`m _hm{dÚmc`, Bñcm_nya, {O. gm§Jcr. S>m°. S>r. Ho$. _moao 3 -- AmQ>©g A°ÊS> H$m°_g© H$m°coO, AmîQ>m, Vm. dmidm, {O. gm§Jcr. S>m°. S>r. Or. Mm¡Jwco 4 -- Ý`y H$m°coO, H$moëhmnya S>m°. S>r. Ho$. nmQ>rc -- 2, 3 nr. ìhr. nr. _hm{dÚmc`, H$dR>o_hm§H$mi, {O. gm§Jcr. S>m°. E_. ~r. dmK_moS>o -- 4 H$cm Am{U dm{UÁ` _hm{dÚmc`, gmVmam. S>m°. EZ. ~r. OmYd -- 4 {edamO gm{hË`, dm{UÁ` Am{U S>r. Eg. H$X_, {dkmZ _hm{dÚmc`, JS>qh½cO, {O. H$moëhmnya. n gn§ mXH n S>m°. S>r. Ho$. _moao S>m°. E_. EZ. qeXo AmQ>©g A°ÊS> H$m°_g© H$m°coO, AmîQ>m, H$_©dra ^mD$amd nmQ>rc _hm{dÚmc`, Vm. dmidm, {O. gm§Jcr. Bñcm_nya, {O. gm§Jcr. (iv) àñVmdZm OyZ 2007 [mgyZ oedmOr odÚm[rR>mZ{ ]oh•ñW odÚmÏ`mªgmR>r XyaoejU H$m`©H«$_ am]odÊ`mM{ R>aodc{ Amh{. Ë`m AZwf§JmZ{ ]r. H$m°_. ^mJ-1 `m dJm©À`m odÚmÏ`mªgmR>r ì`mdgmo`H$ AW©emñÌ h{ [wñVH$ ocohc{ Amh{. AW©emñÌ `m odf`mVrc VÁkm§Zr `m [wñVH$mMr d{Jd{Jir àH$aU{ ochÿZ odf` odÚmWuo^_wI H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H{$cm Amh{. `m [wñVH$mV àË`j ì`dgm`mer oZJS>rV AW©emñÌr` ogÕm§VmMr gIm{c MMm© gm{ß`m d gwQ>gwQ>rV ^mf{V H{$cr Amh{. odÚmWu d dmMH$m§Zm odf`mM{ kmZ d Ame` g_Omdm åhUyZ Amdí`H$ Ë`m oR>H$mUr V·V{ d Amc{I H$mTy>Z odf` AoYH$ gm{[m H$ê$Z gm§oJVcm Amh{. `m [ñw VH$mV ì`mdgmo`H$ AWe© mñÌmMr Ami{ I, _mJUrMr cdoMH$Vm, ì`m»`m, àH$ma, _m[Z[ÕVr, _mJUrMr cdoMH$Vm R>aodUma{ KQ>H$ d _hÎd, _mJUr AZw_mZ / A§XmO àH$ma, _m[ZmÀ`m [ÕVr, Vg{M CË[mXZogÕm§V, ]XcË`m à_mUmMm oZ`_, CË[mXZ\$c ogÕm§V, _m{R>çm CË[mXZmM{ \$m`X{, CË[mXZ IM© g§H$ë[Zm d IMm©M{ Aë[H$mocZ AmoU XrK©H$mcrZ dH«$, CË[mXZIM© odf`H$ ÑoîQ>H$m{Z, àmßVrdH«$, [yU© ñ[Ym©, _·V{Xmar, _·V{Xmar`w·V ñ[Ym©, Aë[moYH$ma ]mOma `m§Mr godñVa MMm© H$aÊ`mV Amcr Amh{. `m]am{]aM od^mOZmMm gr_m§V CË[mXH$Vm ogÕm§V, I§S>, d{VZ, ì`mO d Z\ $m `m]m]VÀ`m g§H$ë[Zm d ogÕm§V `m§Mr godñVa MMm© H{$cr Amh{. ]oh•ñW odÚmÏ`mªZm odf`mM{ ËdnaV AmH$cZ ìhmd{ åhUyZ odf`mMr _m§S>Ur, CoÔîQ>ç{, àñVmdZm, odf`mMr _Ü`dVu H$ë[Zm, gmam§e, ñd`§•AÜ``ZmgmR>r àíZ, gamdmgmR>r àíZ d AoYH$ dmMZmgmR>r [wñVH$m§Mr Zmd{ e{dQ>r oXcr Amh{V. AemnaVrZ{ odÚmÏ`mªZm odf`mM{ Mm§Jc{ AmH$cZ hm{B©c Aer A[{jm Amh{. gn§ mXH$Û` (v) AZwH«$_{UH$m KQ>H$ H«$_m§H$ KQ>H$mMo erf©H$ nmZ H«$_m§H$ {d^mJ n{hcm : go{_ñQ>a-1 KQ>H$ 1 ì`mdgm{`H$ AW©emñÌmMr AmoiI 1 KQ>H$ 2 _mJUr \$cZ 28 KQ>H$ 3 _mJUrMo AZw_mZ 50 KQ>H$ 4 CËnmXZ \$cZ 67 {d^mJ Xwgam : go{_ñQ>a-2 KQ>H$ 1 CËnmXZ IM© d àmßVr 87 KQ>H$ 2 dñVy ~mOmamVrc qH$_V {ZpíMVr - ^mJ-1 114 KQ>H$ 3 dñVy ~mOmamVrc qH$_V {ZpíMVr - ^mJ-2 142 KQ>H$ 4 CËnmXZ KQ>H$ qH$_V {ZpíMVr 158 (vii) n odÚmÏ`mªZm gyMZm : àË`{H$ KQ>H$mMr gwédmV CoÔîQ>m§Zr hm{B©c. CoÔîQ>ç{ oXemXe©H$ AmoU [wT>rc ]m]r ñ[îQ> H$aUmar AgVrc. 1. KQ>H$m_Ü`{ H$m` oXc{c{ Amh{. 2. Vw_À`mH$Sy>Z H$m` A[{ojV Amh{. 3. odoeîQ> KQ>H$mdarc H$m`© [yU© H{$ë`mZ§Va Vwåhmcm H$m` _mhrV hm{Ê`mMr A[{jm Amh{. ñd`§ _yë`_m[ZmgmR>r àíZ oXc{c{ AgyZ Ë`m§Mr A[{ojV CÎma{hr X{Ê`mV Amc{cr Amh{V. Ë`m_wi{ KQ>H$mMm Aä`mg `m{½` oXe{Z{ hm{B©c. Vw_Mr CÎma{ ochÿZ Pmë`mZ§VaM ñd`§ AÜ``Z gmohË`m_Ü`{ oXc{cr CÎma{ [mhm. hr Vw_Mr CÎma{ (qH$dm ñdmÜ`m`) Am_À`mH$S>{ _yë`_m[ZmgmR>r [mR>dm`Mr ZmhrV. Vwåhr `m{½` oXe{Z{ Aä`mg H$amdm, `mgmR>r hr CÎma{ "Aä`mg gmYZ' (Study Tool) åhUyZ C[`w·V R>aVrc. (viii) gÌ - 1 : KQ>H$ 1 ì`mdgm{`H$ AW©emñÌmMr AmoiI (INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS ECONOMICS) 1.1 C{Ôï>ço 1.2 {df` {ddoMZ 1.3 àmñVm{dH$ 1.4 ì`mdgm{`H$ AW©emómMr ì`m»`m 1.5 ì`mdgm{`H$ AW©emómMr ì`mßVr d ñdê$n 1.6 ì`mdgm{`H$ AW©emómMr d¡{eï>ço 1.7 {ZU©` à{H«$`m {gÕm§V d ì`mdgm{`H$ AW©emó 1.8 ì`mdgm{`H$ AW©emómMr d¡{eï>ço 1.9 ì`mdgm{`H$ AW©emó - Cnm``moOH$ emó 1.10 _hÎm_ Z\$m-CÚmoJg§ñWoMo EH$ C{Ôï> 1.11 nm[a^m{fH$ eãX 1.12 ñd`§AÜ``ZmgmR>r àíZ 1.13 gamdmgmR>r ñdmÜ`m` 1.14 A{YH$ dmMZmgmR>r nwñVHo$ 1.1 C{Ôï>ço : 1. ì`mdgm{`H$ AW©emó hm {df` g_OyZ KoUo. 1 ~r. H$m°_. ^mJ 1 ì`mdgm{`H$ AW©emó 2. ì`mdgm{`H$ AW©emómMo ñdê$n Am{U ì`már Aä`mgUo. 3. ì`mdgm{`H$ AW©emómMr {d{dY d¡{eï>ço Aä`mgUo. 4. CÚmoJ§ñWm _hÎm_ Z\$m H$gm {_i{dVo Ë`mMm Aä`mg H$aUo. 5. ì`mdgm{`H$ AW©emómMo ì`dhmamVrb _hÎd g_OyZ KoUo. 1.2 {df` {ddoMZ : ì`mdgm{`H$ AW©emó ho AmOÀ`m X¡Z§{XZ ì`dhmamV _hÎdmMo Amho. AW©ì`dñWoV {d{dY àH$maMo ì`dgm` Ho$bo OmVmV. Ë`m gd© {R>H$mUr AW©emómMm dmna ì`dñWmnH$s` Am{U Cn`mo{OV AW©emó åhUyZ hmoV Amho. ^maVr` AW©ì`dñWm Am{W©H$ gwYmaUm H$m`©H«$_mÀ`m A§_b~OmdUrZ§Va doJmZo ~Xbbr Agë`mMo {XgyZ `oVo. ZdZdrZ CËnmXZmbm MmbZm {_iV Jobr. `m ~XbË`m Am{W©H$ d ì`mdgm{`H$ n[apñWVrMo AdbmoH$Z H$ê$Z AW©emómVrb {d{dY {gÕm§V VÎdo d g§H$ënZm `m§Mm dmna ì`mdgm{`H$ {ZU©` KoÊ`mgmR>r H$gm Ho$bm OmVmo `mMo {ddoMZ ì`mdgm{`H$ AW©emómV Ho$bo OmVo. `m AZwf§JmZo ì`mdgm{`H$ AW©emómMr AmoiI Cn`wŠV R>aVo. 1.3 àmñVm{dH$ : ì`dgm` : ì`dgm` `m eãXmb BJ§ O« rV Business Ag oåhUVmV. Business hm eãX Busy + ness `m XmZo eãXmn§ mgZy V`ma Pmbm Amho. Busy åhUOo H$m`©_¾ AgUo d ness åhUOo pñWVr. Aem arVrZo ""ì`dgm` åhUOo _Zwî`mMr gVV H$m`©_¾ pñWVr hmo`.''1 "gm_m{OH$emó EZgm`Šbmo{n{S>`m'Zwgma ""ì`dgm` hr _Zwî`mMr H$m`©_¾ AdñWm hmo`, Á`m_Ü`o gmVË` AgVo d CËnÞ {_i{dUo hm Ë`m pñWVrMm hoVy AgVmo.'' CËnÞ {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r AgUmar _Zwî`mMr gVVMr H$m`©_¾Vm åhUOo ì`dgm` hmo`. àË`oH$ ì`ŠVrbm OrdZ OJÊ`mgmR>r d Hw$Qw>§~mÀ`m nmbZnmofUmgmR>r CËnÞmMr JaO AgVo. Ë`m_wio àË`oH$ ì`ŠVr doJdoJù`m H$m_mV ì`J« AgVo. CXm. eoVH$ar eoVr ì`dgm`mV, CÚmoOH$ CÚmoJY§ÚmV, ì`mnmar ì`mnmamV, ~±H$ MmbH$ ~±H$ ì`dgm`mV Jw§Vbobo AgVmV, Va àmÜ`mnH$, dH$sb, S>m°ŠQ>a dJ¡ao bmoH$ Amnë`m godm bmoH$m§Zm CnbãY H$ê$Z XoVmV d Ë`mVyZ CËnÞ {_i{dVmV. Ë`m§À`m `m ì`dgm`mbm "godm ì`dgm`' Ago åhQ>bo OmVo. ""ì`dgm` åhUOo Z\$m {_i{dÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo dm{UpÁ`H$ H¥$Vr H$aUo qH$dm Z\$m {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r ñWmnZ Ho$bobo g§KQ>Z hmo`.''2 `m ì`m»`odê$Z Ago ñnï> hmoVo H$s, ì`dgm` åhUOo bmoH$m§Zr Z\$m {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r ñWmnZ 1. "Business means a state of being busy, parctically it is any consistent and continuous activity aimed at earning an Income." - Encyclopaedia of Social Sciences. 2. "Business referred to commercial activities aimed at making a profit or to organisations formed to make a profit." 2 Ho$bobr CÚmoJg§ñWm, CÚmoJY§Xm qH$dm VemM àH$maMo EImXo g§KQ>Z qH$dm Zâ`mÀ`m AnojoZo ~±H$ ì`dgm`, {d_m, dmhVyH$ `mgmaIo ì`dgm` Mmb{dUo hmo`. `mbm "dm{UpÁ`H$ H¥$Vr' Ago åhUVmV. ì`dgm` `m eãXmMm AW© A{YH$ ñnï> ìhmdm åhUyZ Ë`mMr gd©g_mdoeH$ Aer nwT>rbà_mUo ì`m»`m {Xbr OmVo. E\²$. gr. Hy$naÀ`m _Vo, ""ì`dgm` åhUOo g§nyU dm{UÁ` d CÚmoJ joÌ hmo`, Á`m_Ü`o _yb^yV CÚmoJ, à{H«$`m CÚmoJ, dñVy{Z{_©Vr CÚmoJ Am{U {d{dY nyaH$ godm, {d^mOZ, ~±H$m, {d_m, dmhVyH$ dJ¡ao g_m{dï> AgVmV. `mbmM "CÚmoJ-OJV' Ago åhUVmV.''3 Aem arVrZo CËnÞ {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r _Zwî` H$arV Agboë`m gd© àH$maÀ`m Am{W©H$ H¥$VtZm ì`dgm` åhQ>bo OmVo. Ë`m_Ü`o {d{dY àH$maMo CÚmoJY§Xo, godm ì`dgm`m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. ì`dgm`mV dñVyMo CËnmXZ, dmQ>n d {d{Z_` `m§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. T>mo~i_mZmZo ì`dgm`mMo ì`mnma, dm{UÁ`, CÚmoJY§Xo d godm Ago dJuH$aU Ho$bo OmVo. ì`mnmamV dñVy§Mr XodmU-KodmU hmoV AgVo. hm ì`dgm` H$aUmè`m§Zm ì`mnmar Ago åhUVmV. dm{UÁ`m_Ü`o dñVyÀ`m {d{Z_` ì`dhmamgmR>r Amdí`H$ Agboë`m godm§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. Ë`m_Ü`o ~±H$, ì`dgm`, {d_mjoÌ, _mbgmR>dUyH$ gmo`r, godm ì`dgm`, dmhVyH$ BË`mXtMm g_mdoe hmoVmo. CÚmoJY§Úm_Ü`o Z¡g{J©H$ g§nÎmrMm emoY KoUo, CËIZZmÛmao YmVy d I{ZOo H$mT>Uo, Ë`mda à{H«$`m H$aUo dJ¡a|Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. godmjoÌmV drOnwadR>m, nmUrnwadR>m, Vma- Q>nmb-Q>o{b\$moZ godm, XiUdiU, dmhVyH$ BË`mXr {d{dY gm_m{OH$ godm§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. Aem arVrZo ì`dgm`m_Ü`o Mma KQ>H$ g_m{dï> AgVmV. åhUyZ, ì`dgm` = ì`mnma + dm{UÁ` + CÚmoJ + godm hmo`. AW©ì`dñWoV Aem àH$maMo {d{dY ì`dgm` ApñVËdmV AgVmV. Ë`m_Ü`o gh^mJr AgUmè`m§Zm ì`mdgm{`H$ (Businessmen) Ago åhUVmV. AW©emó åhUOo H$m` ho ñnï> H$aÊ`mgmR>r A°S>_ pñ_W, _me©b, {nJy, am°{~Ýg dJ¡ao AW©emókm§Zr ì`m»`m {Xë`m AmhoV. A°S>_ pñ_WZo AW©emó amÁ`emómnmgyZ doJio H$ê$Z Vmo EH$ ñdV§Ì {df` ~Zdbm. A°S>_ pñ_WÀ`m _Vo, ""AW©emó åhUOo g§nÎmrMo emó hmo`.''4 Ë`mÀ`m _Vo _mZdr JaOm nyU© H$aÊ`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ Agbëo `m dñV yd gdo m åhUO ogn§ Îmr hm`o . _mZdr l_mVZy gn§ Îmr {Z_mU© hmVo od {VMm Aä`mg AWe© mómV Ho$bm OmVmo. 3. F. C. Cooper - "Business means the whole complex filed of commerce and industry, the basic Industries and the network of ancilliary service, distribution, banking, insurance, transport and so on, which serve and interpenetrate the world of business as a whole." 4. "An enquiry into the nature and causes of wealth of Nation." - Adam Smith. 3

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