Get the most out of each worked example by using all of its features. EXAMPLE 1 Here, we state the given problem. S t r a t e g y Then, we explain what will be done to solve the problem. W H Y Next, we explain why it will be done this way. T he steps that follow show how the problem is solved by using Solution the given strategy. 1ST STEP The given problem = The result of 1ST STEP This author note explains the 1ST Step 2ND STEP = The result of 2ND STEP This author note explains the 2ND Step 3RD STEP = The result of 3RD STEP This author note explains (the answer) the 3RD Step Self Check 1 A Similar Problem After reading the example, Now Try Problem 45 try the Self Check problem to test your understanding. The answer is given at the end of the section, right After you work the Self Check, before the Study Set. you are ready to try a similar problem in the Guided Practice section of the Study Set. EA4_endsheets.indd 1 1/29/08 3:40:55PM EDITION 4 BASIC MATHEMATICS FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS ALAN S.TUSSY CITRUS COLLEGE R.DAVID GUSTAFSON ROCK VALLEY COLLEGE DIANE R.KOENIG ROCK VALLEY COLLEGE Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Basic Mathematics for College Students, © 2011, 2006Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning Fourth Edition ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright Alan S. Tussy, R. David Gustafson, Diane R. Koenig herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by Publisher: Charlie Van Wagner any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, Senior Developmental Editor: Danielle Derbenti information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except Senior Development Editor for Market Strategies: as permitted under Section 107or 108of the 1976United States Copyright RitaLombard Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Assistant Editor: Stefanie Beeck Editorial Assistant: Jennifer Cordoba For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706 Media Editor: Heleny Wong For permission to use material from this text or product, Marketing Manager: Gordon Lee submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions Marketing Assistant: Angela Kim Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to Marketing Communications Manager: Katy [email protected] Malatesta Content Project Manager: Jennifer Risden Library of Congress Control Number: 2009933930 Creative Director: Rob Hugel ISBN-13: 978-1-4390-4442-1 Art Director: Vernon Boes ISBN-10: 1-4390-4442-2 Print Buyer: Linda Hsu Rights Acquisitions Account Manager, Text: Mardell Brooks/Cole Glinksi-Schultz 20Davis Drive Rights Acquisitions Account Manager, Image: Don Belmont, CA 94002-3098 Schlotman USA Production Service: Graphic World Inc. Text Designer: Diane Beasley Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions Photo Researcher: Bill Smith Group with office locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Illustrators: Lori Heckelman; Graphic World Inc. Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan. Locate your local office at www.cengage.com/global Cover Designer: Terri Wright Cover Image: Background: © Jason Edwards/Getty Images RF, Y Button: © Art Parts/Fotosearch RF Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Compositor: Graphic World Inc. Nelson Education, Ltd. To learn more about Brooks/Cole, visit www.cengage.com/brookscole Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.CengageBrain.com Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 13 12 11 10 To my lovely wife,Liz, thank you for your insight and encouragement ALAN S.TUSSY To my grandchildren: Daniel,Tyler,Spencer,Skyler,Garrett,and Jake Gustafson R.DAVID GUSTAFSON To my husband and my best friend,Brian Koenig DIANE R.KOENIG This page intentionally left blank C O N T E N T S Study Skills Workshop S-1 CHAPTER 1 Whole Numbers 1 1.1 An Introduction to the Whole Numbers 2 THINK IT THROUGH Re-entry Students 9 1.2 Adding Whole Numbers 15 1.3 Subtracting Whole Numbers 29 mages 1.4 Multiplying Whole Numbers 40 Getty I 1.5 Dividing Whole Numbers 54 mages/ 1.6 Problem Solving 68 mstock I Co 1.7 Prime Factors and Exponents 80 1.8 The Least Common Multiple and the Greatest Common Factor 89 1.9 Order of Operations 101 THINK IT THROUGH Education Pays 108 Chapter Summary and Review 113 Chapter Test 128 CHAPTER 2 The Integers 131 2.1 An Introduction to the Integers 132 THINK IT THROUGH Credit Card Debt 135 2.2 Adding Integers 144 THINK IT THROUGH Cash Flow 148 2.3 Subtracting Integers 156 Alamy 2.4 Multiplying Integers 165 mages Ltd/ 2.5 Dividing Integers 175 OJO I © 2.6 Order of Operations and Estimation 183 Chapter Summary and Review 192 Chapter Test 201 Cumulative Review 203 v vi Contents CHAPTER 3 Fractions and Mixed Numbers 207 3.1 An Introduction to Fractions 208 3.2 Multiplying Fractions 221 mages 3.3 Dividing Fractions 233 Monkeybusinessi 3TH.I4NK ITA TdHdRiOnUg GaHnd SBuubdtgreatcsting2 F5r1actions 242 iStockphoto.com/ 33..56 MAdudltiinpgly ainngd aSnudb tDraivcitdiningg M Mixixeedd N Nuummbbeersrs 227517 THINK IT THROUGH 278 3.7 Order of Operations and Complex Fractions 284 Chapter Summary and Review 296 Chapter Test 311 Cumulative Review 313 CHAPTER 4 Decimals 315 4.1 An Introduction to Decimals 316 4.2 Adding and Subtracting Decimals 330 4.3 Multiplying Decimals 344 THINK IT THROUGH Overtime 346 mages 4.4 Dividing Decimals 358 Tetra Images/Getty I T4H.I5NK ITF TrHacRtOioUnGsH andG DPAecim3a6ls8 372 4.6 Square Roots 386 Chapter Summary and Review 395 Chapter Test 408 Cumulative Review 410 Contents vii CHAPTER 5 Ratio,Proportion,and Measurement 413 5.1 Ratios 414 THINK IT THROUGH Student-to-Instructor Ratio 417 5.2 Proportions 428 5.3 American Units of Measurement 443 5.4 Metric Units of Measurement 456 mages 5.5 Converting between American and Metric Units 470 Getty I THINK IT THROUGH Studying in Other Countries 473 Nick White/ Chapter Summary and Review 479 Chapter Test 494 Cumulative Review 496 CHAPTER 6 Percent 499 6.1 Percents,Decimals,and Fractions 500 6.2 Solving Percent Problems Using Percent Equations and Proportions 513 THINK IT THROUGH Community College Students 529 6.3 Applications of Percent 535 mages THINK IT THROUGH Studying Mathematics 543 Getty I 66..45 EInstteimreasttion w55it9h Percent 552 Ariel Skelley/ Chapter Summary and Review 570 Chapter Test 588 Cumulative Review 591 viii Contents CHAPTER 7 Graphs and Statistics 593 7.1 Reading Graphs and Tables 594 7.2 Mean,Median,and Mode 609 THINK IT THROUGH The Value of an Education 616 mages Chapter Summary and Review 621 m Steele/Photodisc/Getty I CCuhmaputleart Tivees tRevi6e3w0 633 Ki CHAPTER 8 An Introduction to Algebra 637 8.1 The Language of Algebra 638 8.2 Simplifying Algebraic Expressions 648 8.3 Solving Equations Using Properties of Equality 658 mi´c 8.4 More about Solving Equations 668 Dejan Lja 8.5 Using Equations to Solve Application Problems 675 m/ © iStockphoto.co 8.6 MChualtpiptelirc Sautimonm Raurlye as nfodr REexvpioewnents696688 Chapter Test 706 Cumulative Review 708