BARRY’S ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS BARRY’S ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS Fourth Edition Stephen Emmitt University of Bath UK This edition first published 2019 © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Edition History Blackwell Publishing (1e, 2005), Wiley Blackwell (2e, 2010), Wiley Blackwell (3e, 2014) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. The right of Stephen Emmitt to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with law. 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Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data Names: Emmitt, Stephen, author. Title: Barry’s advanced construction of buildings / Stephen Emmitt, University of Bath, UK. Other titles: Advanced construction of buildings Description: 4th edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell, 2019. | Earlier edition: Barry’s advanced construction of buildings / Stephen Emmitt and Christopher A. Gorse. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Identifiers: LCCN 2018018585 (print) | LCCN 2018019069 (ebook) | ISBN 9781118977125 (Adobe PDF) | ISBN 9781118977132 (ePub) | ISBN 9781118977101 (pbk.) Subjects: LCSH: Building. Classification: LCC TH146 (ebook) | LCC TH146 .E467 2019 (print) | DDC 690–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018018585 Cover Design: Wiley Cover Image: © Chernetskiy/Shutterstock Set in 10/12pt Minion by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Preface ix How to Navigate this Book xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The function and performance of buildings 1 1.2 New methods and products 8 1.3 Product selection and specification 10 Chapter 2 AT A GLANCE 15 2 Offsite Construction 17 2.1 Functional requirements 18 2.2 Preassembly 21 2.3 Modular building services 28 2.4 Prefabricated housing 30 2.5 The design and production process 34 2.6 Joints and joining 37 2.7 Additive manufacturing (3D printing) 38 Chapter 3 AT A GLANCE 41 3 Pile Foundations, Substructures and Basements 43 3.1 Pile foundations 43 3.2 Ground stabilisation 68 3.3 Substructures and basements 73 Chapter 4 AT A GLANCE 95 4 Single‐Storey Frames, Shells and Lightweight Coverings 97 4.1 Lattice truss, beam, portal frame and flat roof structures 97 4.2 Roof and wall cladding, and decking 140 4.3 Rooflights 164 4.4 Diaphragm, fin wall and tilt‐up construction 178 4.5 Shell structures 190 Chapter 5 AT A GLANCE 205 5 Structural Timber Frames 207 5.1 Functional requirements 207 5.2 Timber 209 5.3 Modified and engineered timber products 214 v vi Contents 5.4 Timber framed walls 218 5.5 High‐rise structural timber frames 239 Chapter 6 AT A GLANCE 241 6 Structural Steel Frames 243 6.1 Functional requirements 243 6.2 Methods of design 245 6.3 Steel sections 249 6.4 Structural steel frames 256 6.5 Welding 277 6.6 Fire protection of structural steelwork 291 6.7 Floor construction for structural steel frames 299 Chapter 7 AT A GLANCE 315 7 Structural Concrete Frames 317 7.1 Concrete 317 7.2 Concrete mixes 322 7.3 Reinforcement 328 7.4 Formwork and falsework 340 7.5 Prestressed concrete 356 7.6 Lightweight concrete 361 7.7 Concrete structural frames 364 7.8 Precast reinforced concrete frames 374 7.9 Lift slab construction 380 Chapter 8 AT A GLANCE 385 8 Envelopes to Framed Buildings 387 8.1 Terms and definitions 387 8.2 Functional requirements 388 8.3 Infill wall framing to a structural grid 398 8.4 Cavity walling 399 8.5 Facings applied to solid and cavity wall backings 402 8.6 Cladding panels 413 8.7 Sheet metal wall cladding 436 8.8 Glazed wall systems 446 8.9 Double skin façades 463 Chapter 9 AT A GLANCE 465 9 Lifts and Escalators 467 9.1 Functional requirements 467 9.2 Lifts (elevators) 469 9.3 Escalators and moving walkways 481 Contents vii Chapter 10 AT A GLANCE 483 10 Fit Out and Second Fix 485 10.1 Commercial fit out 485 10.2 Raised floors 487 10.3 Suspended ceilings 491 10.4 Internal partition walls 496 Chapter 11 AT A GLANCE 503 11 Existing Buildings: Pathology, Upgrading and Demolition 505 11.1 The pathology of buildings 505 11.2 Decay and defects 510 11.3 Conservation of buildings 513 11.4 Retrofitting 516 11.5 Façade retention methods 520 11.6 Demolition, disassembly and recycling 530 11.7 Reuse and recycled materials 534 Index 539