BAROQUE John Rupert Martin First published 1977 by Westview Press Published 2018 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business BAROQUE. Copyright © 1977 by John Rupert Martin. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 76-12059 ISBN 13: 978-0-06-430077-3 (pbk) ISBN 13: 978-0-06-435332-8 (hbk) The title page shows a detail of Peter Denying Christ by Rembrandt (illustration 199) TO BARBARA Contents Preface 9 Introduction 11 1. The Question of Style 19 2. Naturalism 39 3. The Passions of the Soul 73 4. 27ze Transcendental View of Reality and the Allegorical Tradition 119 5. Space 155 6. Time 197 7. Lzg/rt 223 8. Attitudes to Antiquity 249 Appendix A. Peter Paul Rubens, On the Imitation of Statues 271 Appendix B. Paul Freart de Chantelou, Bernini in France 274 Appendix C. Arnold Houbraken, Life of Rembrandt 280 Appendix D. Francisco Pacheco, On the Aim of Painting 288 Appendix E. Philippe de Champaigne, On Poussiris Rebecca and Eliezer 290 Notes 297 Books for Further Reading 305 Catalogue of Illustrations 311 Index 359 Preface This book originated from a paper on 'The Baroque from the Point of View of the Art Historian' which I read some twenty years ago at a meeting of the American Historical Association and which was subsequently published in The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism (1955). Amongst the many friends who have generously given me advice and information are Professors Jonathan Brown, William A. P. Childs, David R. Coffin, Roland M. Frye, Rensselaer W. Lee, Olan Rand, the late Wolfgang Stechow and David Wright. In preparing the successive drafts of the typescript I have benefited from the comments and criticisms of my students, amongst them Christine Armstrong, Micheline Moisan, Steven N. Orso, Charles Scribner III and above all Thomas L. Glen, who helped me to organize the Catalogue of Illustra- tions. For assistance in obtaining photographs I am indebted to Dr Stig Fogelmarck, Mrs Barbara Glen, Dr I. Grafe, Professor Carl Nordenfalk, Professor Seymour Slive, Mrs Shari Taylor and Professor Guy Walton. I cannot adequately express my gratitude to the editors, John Fleming and Hugh Honour, who not only made innumerable sug- gestions for the improvement of the text but also drew to my attention pertinent examples, especially of architecture and the decorative arts, which effectively reinforced my argument. J. R. M. Princeton September 1975