BARBARIANS AND BROTHERS Anglo-AmieacrnW arafre, 1 500-1865 WAYNEE. L EE OXFORD UNIVERSITPYR ESS OXFORD UNIVERSITYP RESS OxforUdn iverPsrietsyIs n,cp .u,b liswhoerskt sh afutr ther OxforUdn iversoibtjye'csto ifev xec ellence inr eseasrcchho,l arasnhdie dpu,c ation. OxfordN ewY ork AucklanCda peT own DaresS alaamH ongK ong Karachi KualLau mpurM adridM elbournMee xicCoi tyN airobi NewD elhiS hanghaTia ipeTio ronto Witho fficeisn ArgentiAnuas triBar aziClh ileC zecRhe publiFcr ancGer eece GuatemalHau ngaryI talJya panP olandP ortugSailn gapore SoutKho reaS witzerlTahnadi laTnudr keyU krainVei etnam Copyri©g h2t0nb yO xforUdn iverPsrietsyIs n,c . PublisbhyeO dx forUdn iverPsrietsyIs n,c . 19M8a disoAnv enuNee,w Y orkNY, roor6 www.oup.com Oxforidsa r egistterraedde moafrO kx forUdn iverPsrietsys Allr ighrtess erNvoe pda.r otft hipsu blicamtaiybo enr eproduced, storienda r etriseyvsatleo mrt, r ansmiitnta endyf, o rom rb ya nym eans, electrmoencihca,n ipchaolt,o copryeicnogr,d oirno gt,h erwise, withotuhtep ripoerr missoifOo xnf orUdn iverPsrietsys . Libraorfy CongCraetsasl oginPgu-bilni-caDtaitoan LeeW,a yneE .1,9 65- Barbariaanndbs r otheArnsg:l Aom-ericwaanr fa1r5eo,o -1I8W 6a5y neE .L ee. p. em. Inclubdiebsl iograrpehfiecraelan ncdie nsd ex. ISBN9 78-o-19-973791-8 r.G reaBtr itain-HiMsitloirtya,r y-r4825.G- r1e6a0Bt3r .i tain-HiMsitloirtya,r y-1603-1714. 3·U niteSdt ates-HisMtiolriyt,aT roy1 -9004.·W ara nds ociety-GBrreiatta in-History. 5·W ara nds ociety-UnSittaetde s-His6t.Wo arry( .P hiloso7p·Eh syc)a lat(iMoinl itary science) 8.L imitweadr 9.·V iolenIcT.eit .l e. DA66.L442 on 355.02•00 990431- dc22 2010029156 Printientd h eU niteSdt atoefAs m erica ona cid-fpraepee r Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS VII NOTES ON STYLE . IX Inturcotdion I PratI BARBARIANS AND SUBJECTS:T HE PERFECT STORM OF WARTIME VIOLENCE IN SIXTEENTH-CENTURY IRELAND IS iHre ynS riedyan ntdehM utyia ntCo lnmIe5l,6 9 15 2 ThEear lofsE ssIe755xa ,n Id95 9 36 PratI I COMPETING FOR THE PEOPLE: CODES, MILITARYC ULTURE, AND CLUBMEN IN THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR 3S iWri lliWaallme Ir,6 44 65 ThCeul bmIe6n4,5 4 97 VI CONTENTS PratI II PEACE CHIEFS AND BLOOD REVENGE: NATIVE AMERICAN WARFARE 5 WingRianlpaLh,a naen,td h e RoCoalnoooIfnk8S y6e r2r 6 OlBdr iamnsCd hp iacIaJ2sSi , 142 PratI V GENTILITY AND ATROCITY: THE CONTINENTAL ARMY AND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION "OBnoedSl torkeW"as:h nia nngdtB otrhieti iPnesn hny vslania, 7 I7778- 7 171 ''MalEincgoehui nO uHre asr"St:ui lvlaannt dhI eor qsu,o i 8 I797 209 CocnliuosLni:im tWeadar n Hda rWda irnt h e AmerniC ciavWialr 232 ABBREVIATIONS 247 NOTES 249 INDEX 331 Ac<lnowledgments A BOOSKT ARTSa sOs UoaTl ietffoarrBtyy.t heen hdo,w evaelrm,ow sitth out notictihnpegi ,lo efd ebts mtooau snttosn ihsehiignIhgntt sr.y itnog acknowtlheoddsgeeeb Ita smc ertatiwnto h oifnO gnsei. ts h atth omseen ­ tionheedrd ee semrovrete h amne rmee ntiTohnoe.t hietsrh asto me de­ serviinndgi vwiidgluola lusn mentthiroomnuyego dhw nf ailoufmr eemo ry. Ih opbeo tghr ouwpifslor lg imveeI.c an caolnsfnoit dsletya ttheaa tne yr rors thhaatv cer eipnht e raer e fumalyat n,nd o noeft heirs. Qyitaen umboefpr e ophalvepe r ovicdleordse ea doifnc ghsa potre rpso,r ­ tioonfcs h aptbeunrtos n,he a bse en as aansadss i dhueoalusmps yfu lwie f, Rhonwdhao,gs een ttloeu chm yws iot-lhcl saetdyh lamesa dalelt hdei effrence. Onltyhr ee adwilelbr esm orger attehfalunal m D.a vEiddw dasrR,o rRya pple, anVdi ncCeanrhtya vaei dmeedi nc omitnogg r ipst hwceio tmhph liesxto ofr y Ireland. Adam MmceK etoow ns oppmeoeci tnsuetondeued rfx core sE nglish soldiinIe rresla anntddh ,ep nr ovaim daerdv erleoaudsoi fmn ugc ohft hmea n­ uscrCihpatrC.la ersnl ,Cty ontHheirar Buapr,b Daornaa gPahni,l ippe Rosen­ berCgl,i ffRoorgd,e Sr tsepMhoerni Elvleor,We htete laenJrda, k e Seallwl ood read omrau loclfhP arItIo ft hbioso akn,sd a vmeedfr om any onfeu rmrrbsoe.r Iitos n lfiaytr o s ay BtahrabtDa ornaa gwaon'rsikm s o rteh aunusa llfyou nda­ tiotnoat lha pta rotft hbioso akn,Id a mg ratteobfu ela blteos taonndh er scholaThreTs rihainpEg.al rel y AmHeirsitScoearimnyn aers,p lleyct ihpaea r­ ticiJpoahnSntw se eKta,t hleDeuvna Ple,t Weoro dL,i Flen nH,o lBlrye wer, TrevoBru rnaanrCddy ,n thia pRraodvdaiiw dnoegnd,d efrorfuulmf ro d issc­us inagn idm proPvair3n·tIg th abse eanr arper ivilteowg oerw ki tshom any otheerxsp eirnNt ast iAvmee risctaiuned Esa.r lvireesri oofnP sa rtw eIrIeI VII VIIAIC KNOWLEDGMENTS commenotnbe yId a Snt eFerleeAd,n denrK,sa orKeunp permaannSd,t ephen Caryn.Fe uretrhmomryew ,o riknN atiAvmee ricanh ahbsie segtnro erayt ly aidbeymd y " sicdaer aesear na" r acehoilsoIhtg a.v weo rkientd h fei eforlm da ny yeanrosww itahn thropwohloos gpiesctiisant l riizsbeoa clii eeastn,Id h ave learmnuecfdhor m MicGhaaleaaltn yBd i Plalri knsaonnd, mroerceef nortml y consuwlittKihen vgMi cnB riadnJeda sMoann caittnh iMe a shuacnktPeetq uot ReseaCrecnhtM eurc.oh f t haer geunmitnP ar3 wta osr igipnuabllliiysn h ed thjeo urnifMa ill yiH titasyori rn2 00a7n,Ida mg ratfeortf huel jopuerrsnm­ail's sitoonr eutsheam ta tearnifdaro lt heex opsumryea rgeunmrte ceiintv headt foru.mM anoyfm yo lcdo lleiantg huAeem se riRceavlnoui tofni ealiddm eed inP ar4,te spieaclRliycH ke rrCearrlaoi,C noex H,o lMlayy eDra,n iKerle bs, anIdr Gar ubSeerc.t oifPo anr4sw t e rpeu bliisnth hweeid n otfezr o oi6An r my Hitsyo,arn tdh attoh oa psr ovaue ns esfouuln dbionaMgra dr.Gk r imsalnedy JoGel atthhaavbaeer em nyu nfaitluitnogrt shA emo enr iCciaviWnla r. Resealrictkhhe d ies peonndl si bireaEsrv.e anse vemro rmea tearpi­al peaornsl itnhweeo ,r okfl ibarnaasrn iadr cshtirvsei maiinndsi sbpl.eeThnes a stsaa fftTr intiyC ollDeugbel itnhN,ea tilo nLaibrlarreylt ahonBefdr ,i tish LirbartyhF,eo lgSehkrae spLeiabrrea Wrays hiionnn gD,tC ,t hDea vLiid­ braorfty h Aem eriRceavno olnut,th iNee wY orkP ublLiircba rayn,td h e NewbeLrirbyr ianCr hyi gcoa, alhlad voen e yeomiansn u'psp woorrtki ng my reseaMryc hho.m lei braattr hye UniovfNe orrstiChta yr olaicntau ally moveasd e ctoifto hlnei braarroyut nomd a kmey l ei feawshiieMlrae,r garet BrialtDl u ke UniPveerrnkssLii itbyrh'aesr lypm eeed v ewnh itlhese t waaffs in ptrhoec oefms osv ianrgo utnhde ir lwirhbaorlye. Myc olleaattg huUeen si veorfNs oirtCtyah r ionlaan adtD ukhea vbee en modeclo llabaonr,pda atrotrisc iintp halena trspg rejore cIt'p.ma rticularly grautlfe orfU NC'Isn isttuftoreA rtasn dH umaniwthiiecpshr, io dvead semsetelre'afsvor emt eacahnirdna gan m arveilnotuesr dirsys ceimpril niana onw rittihnahgte lpmeedf o cumsy i deKaasr.eH na gemaannndB r ett Whalweenr e parhteilcpiufunltl ah rapltry os csAe.l eRxo laanndRd i chard Kohhna vceo ntitnoup eudsmh e i netllueaclatlnyAd,l ehxa rse peatedly forcemdet oa stkh hea rqdu esntsai bootuhtpi rsjo ecThte. M edieavnadl EarMloyd eSrtnu dPireosg raatm UNCd eprdo fviufnortd riantvgoEe nlg ­ lanadnI dr elaannmddy d, e pmaerntgtr anmteea sd e msetelre'atsvo e t dhoa t reseWairtchhot.uh tah te lIwp o uld swtriinltgEli.r iDbnien n inHga-rtlage, David (PwehroIrom yw beo buronH)e,a tRhyekpre maTr,a cy eKy'eDMri,r k Bonekra,n tdh ree st orfh taahmne Ld o DusuiviTlhluer sndiagych-ltuh ba ve allb eefnnat asstoiucr ceenoscu roeafmg enwti,s daonmsd,u pport. Thanyko aul l. NoteosnS tyle Qy oTEFSR OOMR IGISNOAULR hCaEvSbe e epnr inhteeradesf ou ndw,i tah verfwye excepetpxiloanisin nte hde nohtaevsesi .l ecIno tnlvye rttowe ,d vv ut ov ,a nidt ojt or educcoeun sfisoo"n i,u sbteiccoe"m"uje sst isciema"ir;ll y y the,s uapnedr shcarvbieep etbnsr oudgohwtn . wWohreknfi ornmga n = edivteerds iomna nocufrs iIaph ta,vr ee prodtuhecede idt sopre'llwsii ntgh ­ oucth ange. Datfeorsm b eofr1e72 5w,h etnh Een glciaslhe wnadmsao rd ernized, are olsdtl yeb,u t ytehaietrs a kteon beJgaiunna raiynn nd o Mta rch. Fotrh ousneaf milwiiatErhn gltilisethIs s ,h ouelxldpa tihnde i effrence betwaet einta lnetd h fema ilnya mFeo.er x amptlheeea, or flO rmonidse cal"lOerdm onidne "dt ohceu meHnitbssi .rn tahm wea Tso m ButlHeirs. brothPeireasrn,sEd d munadl,Bs uot laertrehs je,u nior moefhm igbsee nr­s eratainodsn oa, r neo rte efrrteoad s" Omronde,"h ew hoiinsllr eya rely reefrrteoad s " Buat l"Te hrr.deieeff reenatro lfEs s xsa eppeiantr h bioso k, twoof thtehmse a imcneh apstoe rrcf ,lo aIr iwtoiycl cla asliflolaybnl a cokn usitnhgeb iirrn tahm (eWsa latneRdro beDretv exr)e.u IX BARBARIANS AND BROTHERS