Tanja Zimmermann (ed.) Balkan Memories Cultural and Media Studies Tanja Zimmermann (ed.) Balkan Memories Media Constructions of National and Transnational History Sponsored by the DAAD and the International Office of the University of Constance BBiibblliiooggrraapphhiicc iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn ppuubblliisshheedd bbyy tthhee DDeeuuttsscchhee NNaattiioonnaallbbiibblliiootthheekk The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deut- scheNationalbibliografie;detailedbibliographicdataareavailablein the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de ©© 22001122 ttrraannssccrriipptt VVeerrllaagg,, BBiieelleeffeelldd All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or repro- duced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or othermeans,nowknownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopy- ingandrecording,orinanyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem, without permission in writing from the publisher. Cover layout: Kordula Röckenhaus, Bielefeld Cover illustrations: Jugoslav Vlahovic´, Yugoslavia as a large bubble, 1990 Proofread by Matthias Müller Typeset by Mark-Sebastian Schneider, Bielefeld Printed by Majuskel Medienproduktion GmbH, Wetzlar ISBN 978-3-8376-1712-2 Inhalt Acknowledgements | 9 Introduction | 11 Tanja Zimmermann (Konstanz) N M ATIONAL EMORIES Public Monuments, Memorial Churches and the Creation of Serbian National Identity in the 19th Century | 33 Nenad Makuljević (Belgrade) Banknote Imagery of Serbia | 41 Ivana Živančević-Sekeruš (Novi Sad) City Identity and Contemporary Politics of Memory Case Study: The Fortress of Belgrade | 49 Bojana Bursać Džalto (Belgrade) The Long Dark Night (A. Vrdoljak) as a National Epic | 57 Davor Dukić (Zagreb) Fragments of War The Siege of Sarajevo in Bosnian Literature | 65 Riccardo Nicolosi (Bonn/Konstanz) The Poetics of Testimony and Resistance Anti-war Writing and Social Memory in Bosnia and Herzegovina after the 1992-1995 War | 77 Enver Kazaz (Sarajevo) Memory and Conceptual Tropes Museums, Trade and Documents in Veličković’s Konačari | 87 Andrea Lešić (Sarajevo) The Reality of Moving Images Bulgarian Video Art as an Historical Source | 95 Ana Karaminova (Jena) T M RANSNATIONAL EMORIES Memory of a Past to Come Yugoslavia’s Partisan Film and the Fashioning of Space | 111 Miranda Jakiša (Berlin) Their Youth is within us The Second World War and Yugoslav Youth Magazines in the 1970s | 121 Reana Senjković (Zagreb) The Role of the Media in Transgressing Cultural Identities during the Recent Past | 129 Jasna Galjer (Zagreb) Narrative Images of the Yugoslav Totality (and Totalitarianism) in the Bosnian-Herzegovinian Short Story in the Transition from the 20th to the 21st Century | 139 Anisa Avdagić (Tuzla) Reflective and Restorative Nostalgia Two Types of Approaching Catastrophe in Contemporary Yugoslav Literature | 147 Davor Beganović (Konstanz/Wien) The Narrativization of Memories Trauma and Nostalgia in the Novels The Museum of Unconditional Surrender by Dubravka Ugrešić and Frost and Ash by Jasna Šamić | 155 Alma Denić-Grabić (Tuzla) Goethe’s Oak Tree in the Western Balkans Wars, Memories and Identities in Contemporary Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian-Herzegovinian Novels | 163 Tihomir Brajović (Belgrade) M C EMORIES IN ONFLICT Ambivalent Images of Germany in the Travelogues of Miloš Crnjanski | 173 Bojana Stojanović Pantović (Novi Sad) Writing Art History from a National Point of View The Case of Dalmatia | 181 Renata Novak Klemenčič (Ljubljana) Memories in Conflict Remembering the Partisans, the Second World War and Bleiburg in Croatia | 187 Aleksandar Jakir (Split) Monuments to the National War of Liberation in Slovenia Erection, Reception and Negative Public Opinion | 207 Marjeta Ciglenečki (Maribor) Between Controversy and Reflection Memory of Marxist Historiography in Croatia after 1990 | 219 Branimir Janković (Zagreb) TV and the End of Grammar-based Politics: Tuđman and Izetbegović | 227 Jurij Murašov (Konstanz) The Iron Curtain in the Memory of the Serbian Newsprint Media | 233 Ana Milojević/Aleksandra Ugrinić (Belgrade) Media and War in Ex-Yugoslavia | 247 Miroljub Radojković (Belgrade) Using and Misusing Historical Sources in the Media A Case Study of a Document | 259 Dunja Melčić (Frankfurt a.M.) On the Contributors | 267 Acknowledgements In 2010, it seemed a utopian idea to gather specialists in cultural history from the various successor states of Yugoslavia and invite them to share their thoughts on the poetics, and the politics, of national as well as transnational memory. The young states have for a long time been interested in sharpening the profile of their identity and in reinterpreting cultural heritage within territorially defined limits of language and ethnicity. However, the moment seemed to have come to promote and consolidate a culture of respect for and attention to even former opponents, and to foster a dialogue, not only between research in South- Eastern Europe and in Germany but also in other countries of the “old Europe”. I am extremely thankful to all those who had the courage and resolution to create a forum for debate and for cultural exchange, a forum where well-known and established specialists joined ranks with students and young scientists at the beginning of their career. We are all grateful to the German Academic Exchange Office (DAAD) for generously funding the workshop on Balkan memories, which took place in May 2010 in Ljubljana, as the initial meeting of the newly-founded network Media and Memoria in South-Eastern Europe (For more information see: http://www.litwiss.uni-konstanz.de/fachgruppen/slavistik/forschung/ media-and-memoria/). The aim of the network is to assemble historians, art historians, literary theorists, media scholars and political scientists from South-Eastern Europe and Germany and create a forum for discussions on memories from different national and scientific perspectives. Our ambition is also to embed these topics of a dialogic cultural and political imagination in the graduate programs of various universities, so that young scholars and PhD students are provided an opportunity to discuss their projects in an international arena. The aim of this initial meeting was to encourage different forms of cooperation, such as joint workshops, conferences, publications, summer academies, excursions, the exchange of students and teachers between Germany and South-Eastern Europe as well as within South-Eastern Europe. In the DAAD, Anne Röring and Jana Schwarz contributed their experience in research administration and exchange in Eastern Europe. The DAAD also contributed substantially