This page intentionally left blank A–Z of Abdominal Radiology – A Z of Abdominal Radiology Gabriel Conder,MRCP,FRCR ConsultantRadiologist, NorthwickParkandCentralMiddlesexHospitals,NorthWestLondon HospitalsNHSTrust,London John Rendle,FRCS(Eng),FRCR ConsultantRadiologist MaydayUniversityHospital,MaydayHealthcareNHSTrust,Croydon Sarah Kidd,MRCP,FRCR SpecialistRegistrarinRadiology St.Mary’sHospital,ImperialCollegeHealthcareNHSTrust,London Rakesh R. Misra,BSc(Hons),FRCS(Eng.),FRCR ConsultantRadiologist WycombeHospital,BuckinghamshireHospitalNHSTrust,HighWycombe SeriesEditor R. R. Misra CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521700146 © G. Conder, J. Rendle, S. Kidd and R. Misra 2009 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2009 ISBN-13 978-0-511-48087-4 eBook (NetLibrary) ISBN-13 978-0-521-70014-6 paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Every effort has been made in preparing this publication to provide accurate and up-to-date information which is in accord with accepted standards and practice at the time of publication. Although case histories are drawn from actual cases, every effort has been made to disguise the identities of the individuals involved. Nevertheless, the authors, editors and publishers can make no warranties that the information contained herein is totally free from error, not least because clinical standards are constantly changing through research and regulation. The authors, editors and publishers therefore disclaim all liability for direct or consequential damages resulting from the use of material contained in this bli i R d l d i d f l i i f i To my beautiful wife Rachel, and four inspirational children – Rohan, Ela, Krishan and Maya. R.R.M. To my mother and father – very different people, but both inspirational. G.C. CONTENTS Acknowledgements pageix Preface xi Listofabbreviations xii Abdominaltrauma 2 Abscesseswithintheabdomen 14 Achalasia 20 Adnexalmasses 22 Adrenalmasses 28 Aorticaneurysm 38 Appendicitis 40 Ascites 46 Bezoar 50 Biliarygas 54 Biliaryobstruction 56 Bladdercalculi 64 Bowelobstruction 66 Calcifications 80 Chilaiditi’ssign/syndrome 86 Cholecystitis 88 Cirrhosis 92 Colitis 96 Coloniccarcinoma 110 Colonicdiverticulitis 116 Colonicpolyps 120 Crohn’sdisease 126 Dermoidtumour 134 Ectopicpregnancy 136 Endometrialcarcinoma 138 vii C Familialpolyposiscoli 142 o n Fistulae 144 t e n t Foreignbodies 150 s Freeintra-abdominalgas 156 Gallstones 162 Hepaticmasses 168 Herniaeoftheabdomenandpelvis 190 Intussusception 200 Linesanddevices 208 Lymphadenopathy 220 Lymphoma:abdominal 224 Omentalsecondarydeposits 232 Pancreaticcarcinoma 234 Pancreatitis 240 Portalveinthrombosis 248 Portalvenousgas 252 Portalvenoushypertension 256 Pyelonephritis 262 Renalarterystenosis 270 Renalcalcification 276 Renaldevelopmentalanomalies 282 Renalmasses:benign 290 Renalmasses:malignant 300 Renaltractcalculi 308 Retroperitonealfibrosis 314 Splenomegaly 318 Testicularneoplasms 322 Transitionalcellcarcinoma 324 Tuberculosisoftheabdomenandpelvis 330 Uterinefibroids 340 Volvulus 346 viii