Sudan University of Science and Technology College of Agricultural Studies Study of Molecular Characterization and Genotypic Variability For some Growth Characters in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) لوﺻﺣﻣ ﻲﻓ وﻣﻧﻟا تﺎﻔﺻ ضﻌﺑﻟ ﻲﺛاروﻟا نﯾﺎﺑﺗﻟاو ﻲﺋﯾزﺟﻟا فﯾﺻوﺗﻟا ﺔﺳارد مﺳﻣﺳﻟا A Dissertation Submitted to the Sudan University of Science and Technology in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of B.Sc. in Agriculture (Honors) By: Ayat M. Mohammed Ahmed Nasser. Supervised by: Dr: Atif Elsadig Idris Department of Agronomy 2015August ﺔﯾﻵا :ﻰﻟﺎﻌﺗ لﺎﻗ رﻮﻨﻟا ةرﻮﺳ I DEDICATION To My: Family, Teachers And every Friends. II ACKNOWLEDGMENT First praise and thanks to ALLAH to spire me to work on this topic and giving me strength and patine to complete this work successfully. I would like to express my deepest and sincere gratitude and thanks full to my Great Supervisor: Dr. Atif. Elsadig Idris for his very supportness and kind, and a wonderful care in directing and supervising work. Thanks also to all whom help me in my research. Finally thanks to my mother for take care and help and hope her health and happiness forever. III CONTENTS Title Page No. ﺔﯾﻵا I ACKNOWLEDGEMENT III CONTENTS IV ABSTRACT VII ﺔــــــــﺻﻼﺨﻟا VIII CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Background 4 2.2 Uses of sesame 5 2.3 Botanical characteristics 6 2.4 Chemical composition 7 2.5 Phenotypic variability in sesame: 7 2.6 Heritability 8 2.7Molecular markers(SRAP) Technology 9 CHAPTER THREE MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.1 The Experimental Site (Shambat) description 15 3.2 Plant materials 15 3.3Land preparation, Design and layout of the 18 IV experiment 3.4 Data Collection 18 3.5 Analysis of variance 19 3.6 Coefficient of variation (C.V): 19 3.7 Standard error (S.E): 20 3.8. Comparison between genotypes 20 3.9. Phenotypic (Phs2) and genotypic (gs2) variances. 20 3.10 Genotypic coefficients of variation: 21 3.11. Heritability: 21 3.12.Molecular experiment 21 CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS 4.1 Phenotypic Variability: 24 4.2Phenotypic (phδ2) and genotypic (gδ2) variances: 28 4.3 Phenotypic (PCV %) and Genotypic (GCV %) 29 Coefficient of variation: CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSION 5.1 phenotypic variability 32 5.2Phenotypic (phδ2) and genotypic (gδ2) variances 33 5.3 Phenotypic (PCV %) and Genotypic (GCV %) 33 Coefficient of variation: 5.4Heritability 33 V CHAPTER SIX Conclusions 34 References 35 VI ABSTRACT This experiment was carried out in the experiment field of the College of Agricultural Studies, Sudan University of Science and Technology, in Shambat, during the period from the 13thJuly2014 toNeom2014. The goal of this research is to estimate of variability, heritability and correlation between different characters in seventeen sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes and to use SRAP technology in identifying sesame genotypes used in this study. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used in this study. Different growth and yield characters among the seventeen genotypes were measured. The results showed that there were highly significant differences a more genotypes (p≤0.01) were scored from number of branches, height first capsules, number of capsules, stem diameter, and non- significant differences (p≤0.05) for, plant height. The highest values of genotypic and phenotypic variances were scored for plant height and height of first capsule respectively. Higher value of heritability was recorded for stem diameter whereas the lowest value was scored for plant height. The genotype Highland scored the highest yield (t/ha). VII ﺔﺻﻼﺨﻟا و مﻮﻠﻌﻠﻟ نادﻮﺴﻟا ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺠﺑ ﺔﯿﻋارﺰﻟا تﺎﺳارﺪﻟا ﺔﯿﻠﻜﺑ ﻰﯿﺑﺮﺠﺘﻟا ﻞﻘﺤﻟا ﻰﻓ ﺔﺑﺮﺠﺘﻟا تﺬﻔﻧ ﺮﯾﺪﻘﺗ ضﺮﻐﺑ 2014ﺮﺒﻤﻓﻮﻧ ﻰﻟا2014ﻮﯿﻟﻮﯾ13ﻦﻣ ةﺮﺘﻔﻟا ﻰﻓ تﺎﺒﻤﺷ ,ﺎﯿﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺘﻟا ﺖﻤﻤﺻو ﻢﺴﻤﺴﻟا فﺎﻨﺻﻻا ﻦﻣ ﺔﯿﺛارو رﺰط ﺮﺸﻋ ﺔﻌﺒﺴﻟ ﺚﯾرﻮﺘﻟا ﺔﺟردو ﻦﯾﺎﺒﺘﻟا تﺎﻔﺻ ﻦﻣ دﺪﻋ سﺎﯿﻗ ﻢﺗ ,.تاراﺮﻜﻣ ﺔﺛﻼﺜﺑ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻜﻟا ﺔﯿﺋاﻮﺸﻌﻟا تﺎﻋﺎﻄﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺑﺮﺠﺘﻟا دﻮﺟو ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟا تﺮﮭظا.فﺎﻨﺻﻻا هﺬﮭﻟ ﻰﺌﯾﺰﺠﻟا ﻒﯿﺻﻮﺘﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا ﻚﻟﺬﻛو, ﻮﻤﻨﻟا ,عﺮﻓﻻا دﺪﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻜﻟ ﻮﻤﻨﻟا تﺎﻔﺻ ﻰﻓ ﺔﯿﺛارﻮﻟا زﺮﻄﻟا ﻦﯿﺑ ﺔﯿﻟﺎﻋ ﺔﯾﻮﻨﻌﻣ تﺎﻗوﺮﻓ لﻮط ﻰﻓ ﮫﻄﯿﺴﺑ ﺔﯾﻮﻨﻌﻣ تﺎﻗوﺮﻓ ﺪﺟﻮﯾ ﺎﻤﻨﯿﺑ , قﺎﺴﻟا ﻚﻤﺳو,ﺔﻟﻮﺒﺴﻛ لوا ﻦﻣ عﺎﻔﺗرا تﺎﺒﻨﻟا لﻮط ﺔﻄﺳاﻮﺑ ﺖﻠﺠﺳ يﺮﮭﻈﻤﻟاو ﻰﺛارﻮﻟا ﻦﯾﺎﺒﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﺮﺒﻛا ناو. تﺎﺒﻨﻟا ﻰﻓ ﺖﻠﺠﺳ ﺚﯾرﻮﺘﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﻌﻤﻟ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﺮﺒﻛا نا ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ﺖﺘﺒﺛا ﺎﻤﻛ ,ﮫﻟﻮﺴﺒﻛ لوا عﺎﻔﺗراو ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا تﺮﮭظا ,تﺎﺒﻨﻟا لﻮط ﻰﻓ ﺖﻠﺠﺳ ﺚﯾرﻮﺘﻟا ﻞﻣﺎﻌﻤﻟ ﺔﻤﯿﻗ ﻞﻗا و, قﺎﺴﻟا ﻚﻤﺳ رﺎﺘﻜھ/ﻦﻄﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﯿﺟﺎﺘﻧا ﻰﻠﻋا رﺰﺣا ﺪﻧﻼﯾﺎھ ﻒﻨﺼﻟا نا VIII CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Sesame(Sesamum indicum .L) also commonly Known as Beniseed in Nigeria is an important oil seed crop that has been referred to as the Queen of oil seed by the virtue of its high quality oil. It is ancient oil crop that has being cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and Latin America. In Nigeria sesame crop is cultivated mainly for its seeds that contain approximately 50% oil and 25% protein. (Burden , D 2005). It is very difficult to judge whether observed variability is highly heritable or not. Moreover, Knowledge of heritability is essential for selection based improvement, as it indicates the extent of trans miscibility of a character into future generations ((Sabesan , et al (2009). Genetic variability and correlation for yield and groin quality characters of rice grown in coastal saline low land of tamilnadu Sesame it probably originated in Africa where both the genus and its family exhibit their greatest diversity (Khidir,2007). Most of sesame prodused is used for the extraction of seed oil but a considerable proportion eatch as food in various forms such as sesame seed butter (gandhi, 2009). According to FAO statistics (2008), the global cultivated area of sesame was about7.4 million hectares, producing about3.4 million metric tons which makes it the fifth most important oil seed crop on an area basis worldwide. Sesame is identified as the main rotational crop in rain-fed cropping systems of the Sudan. The crop grows mainly in rain-fed conditions, in pure stand or intercropped with other crops such as Sorghum, water Mellon, Roselle, cowpea and maize. In Sudan during 2005-2008,sesame ranks the third after sorghum(7.4million hectare) and pearl millet (2.3 million hectare).FAO(2008) reported that the Sudan grows about 20.12%(1.4 million hectare)of the world cultivated area, and contributes 1