Autobiography of Adventist Pioneer J. N. Loughborough p. iii, Para. 1, [AUTOBIOG]. Foreword p. iii, Para. 2, [AUTOBIOG]. In 1852, John N. Loughborough, unimpressive in appearance and slight of build, began a determined evangelism for Seventh-day Adventists. Undaunted by blizzards and bitter cold, he traveled by buggy and sleigh over trackless prairies and baffling forest trails of the mid-west. Beginning his California labors in 1868, with a sixty-foot tent in Sonoma County, he attracted overflow crowds, made many converts, but was frequently threatened, and narrowly escaped death from an angry, knife-wielding opponent. p. iii, Para. 3, [AUTOBIOG]. Few, if any, of our Adventist pioneers covered such a long span of years as Loughborough, 1832-1924. Fewer still recorded their experiences in as many publications. Loughborough's close association with Elder and Mrs. White enables him to include many faith-building incidents in connection with the gift of prophecy, and also adds interest to his personal narrative. His eye-witness account is effective and authentic. p. iii, Para. 4, [AUTOBIOG]. The material in this manuscript comes from books, diaries, articles and field reports in Adventist publications. The lengthy sermonettes have been eliminated, archaic expressions updated, but the story, the style is his own. I trust it will meet a timely need for the generation "who knew not Loughborough." p. iii, Para. 5, [AUTOBIOG]. A. D. Chilson. p. iii, Para. 6, [AUTOBIOG]. Contents p. iii, Para. 7, [AUTOBIOG]. 1. My Early Years . . .page 1--- 2. A Time for Decision . . . page 6--- 3. Teen-age Preacher . . . page 11--- 4. Finding the Sabbath Truth . . .page 19--- 5. "Very Bad Injun" . . . page 25--- 6. Western Itinerary . . . page 33- -- 7. Our First Tent Meetings . . . page 39--- 8. "What Doest Thou Here, Elijah?" . . . page 47--- 9. Organization and the Civil War . . . page 53--- 10. The Marion Rebellion . . . page 62--- 11. Pioneering at Petaluma . . . page 68-- - 12. A Testimony Perfectly Timed . . . page 71--- 13. With the Whites Again . . . page 85--- 14. Called to England . . . page 97--- 15. European Dreams Come True . . . page 103 p. iv, Para. 1, [AUTOBIOG]. [NOTE. There will be pages missing because they are pictures which are not available.] p. iv, Para. 2, [AUTOBIOG]. A FLASH AHEAD. -- Madam Parrot never dreamed that her decision to ride side-saddle to the tent meeting would draw the attention of the entire community. Nor did she foresee her near-fatal accident and her healing so miraculous that even atheists could not deny. p. iv, Para. 3, [AUTOBIOG]. Among those who attended John Loughborough's evangelistic meetings at Santa Rosa was a young medical graduate from Geneva known as Madam Parrot. An urgent sick call took her to the bedside of Mrs. Skinner at Piner. After a week's cot-duty, her patient had so recovered that Dr. Parrot announced her intention to return to the tent meetings. Mrs. Skinner's atheist son Oliver readied a horse that was used to ladies, but as she mounted, he began to buck furiously. She was thrown to the ground and the horse upon her with such force that it bent the saddle horn out straight. As her friends looked upon her mangled form, they felt certain she was dead. When she regained consciousness, she could barely whisper. p. v, Para. 1, [AUTOBIOG]. "Shall we send for a doctor?" someone asked her. p. v, Para. 2, [AUTOBIOG]. "No," she responded. "A doctor can do me no good. Send for the ministers at the tent. If they pray for me, the Lord will heal me." p. v, Para. 3, [AUTOBIOG]. Elders Loughborough and Bourdeau had just begun their evening meeting when the prayer request reached them. Thinking it unwise to dismiss their congregation, they promised to come very early the next morning. When they arrived, they learned that the doctor's condition had required four attendants throughout the night. p. v, Para. 4, [AUTOBIOG]. "Anoint me and pray, and the Lord will heal me," she whispered. p. v, Para. 5, [AUTOBIOG]. As the ministers prayed, Dr. Parrot soon began to pray in a loud voice, then clapped her hands and declared, "I am healed!" She arose, dressed herself, and began to assist with the home duties. In the evening she rode to the meeting in a lumber wagon, completely free from all pain. Former atheist Oliver now enthusiastically witnessed of God's power to everyone he met. p. v, Para. 6, [AUTOBIOG]. John Norton Loughborough -- 1832 -- 1924 p. v, Para. 7, [AUTOBIOG]. Chapter 1 -- MY EARLY YEARS p. v, Para. 8, [AUTOBIOG]. Many have requested me to give some remembrances of early times, and manifestations of the Lord's dealings with His people. Having been familiar with the Advent movement of 1843-1844, and having since Jan. 2, 1849 proclaimed the doctrine, I esteem it a pleasure to "speak the things which I have seen and heard." I will first call attention to some things in my own early life. p. 1, Para. 1, [AUTOBIOG]. I was born in Victor, Ontario County, N. Y., Jan. 26. 1832. My father was an earnest, local Methodist preacher. When I was three years of age, a Miss Bibbins started a school for little tots in one of the classrooms of the Methodist Church. On the last day of school we were all taken into the sanctuary where our parents and others were assembled to hear recitations. Among the rest, I was called upon to make my first public speech, which consisted of a bit of poetry I had learned. When the people clapped their hands, I did not know it had any reference to what I had done, so supposed it to be their part of the meeting. p. 1, Para. 2, [AUTOBIOG]. In our childhood days our parents took us little folks to the "love feasts" and the communion seasons of the church. I well remember that as testimonies were borne in those love feasts, they were moistened with tears and accompanied with shouts of praise that touched our young hearts. I remember, too, how plainly the people dressed, -- neatly, yet without any display of jewelry. p. 1, Para. 3, [AUTOBIOG]. In those days, those who were to partake of communion received a ticket from the class leader. One woman did not get a ticket because she had worn gold. Shortly afterward, her daughter was excluded from church for attending a ball. Poor girl! She took a violent cold as the result of a night of dancing, sickened and died. At her funeral the minister expressed some doubts as to her acceptance with the Lord. [1] p. 1, Para. 4, [AUTOBIOG]. We children learned the do, re, mi, from the choir leader who always started the singing with a tuning fork. As he placed this to his ear, he would sound the do; then those of the other parts of the music would sound their first note before singing. p. 1, Para. 5, [AUTOBIOG]. There came a time when a man stood at the head of the choir with a violin with which to give the leading note. Though it was a decided improvement, it displeased some of the members who thought that no instrumental music should be used in the Lord's house. They thought the violin's only use was "with the devil's music in dance halls." [2] p. 1, Para. 6, [AUTOBIOG]. Once when my father was constructing a certain house, there was quite a large pile of stones which they wanted moved to the other side of the fence. My uncle, who was one of the carpenters, said if I would move them with my little wheelbarrow, I would find a sixpence (twelve and one-half cents) under the last stone. Of course I worked hard to get to the last stone, and sure enough, there was the sixpence. I knew very well that my uncle had to divert my attention just before I picked up that last stone. p. 2, Para. 1, [AUTOBIOG]. The interesting thing is the use I made of that sixpence. At that time the Methodists were carrying on missionary work on the west coast of Africa. My sympathies were aroused, and I decided that my sixpence should buy a Testament for some poor heathen boy. There was to be a meeting at the minister's house that week for the people to bring clothing, money, etc. to send to Africa. The day of the missionary meeting I was sent to the store for some article. Whether to test me or not, the merchant showed me some things he knew I loved, and offered to sell them for a sixpence. There was a struggle within me whether to buy the articles or not. Then I thought of the poor heathen and left the store on a run. I hurried to the minister's house just as the people were gathering, and handed him the sixpence saying, "I want to send a Testament to the poor heathen." Then I left for home as suddenly as I had come. As I went out, I saw the minister holding up the sixpence and talking to the people. Some of them shed tears. I imagine he made my sixpence tell for more than twelve and one-half cents. I know that I felt very happy afterwards. p. 2, Para. 2, [AUTOBIOG]. In the winter of 1837, the night after my sixth birthday, a terrific sight appeared in the heavens and continued for the whole night. It was the fiery aurora. A man and his wife living directly across from our home had taken my father and mother for a sleigh ride to spend the evening with another family two miles away. Two girls from the neighbor's family and a Miss Horton, 18 years of age, came to spend the evening with us children. About seven o'clock, while we were enjoying our childish sports, there came a sudden flash of red light. My brother cried out, "The house is afire!" and we all rushed out-of-doors. What a sight greeted our eyes! The whole heavens had the appearance of a red flame, mingled with cloudy vapor. The reflection of this upon the snow appeared like fire rolling in waves down from the hillside. p. 2, Para. 3, [AUTOBIOG]. Even Miss Horton was startled and cried out, "The world is coming to an end!" Our parents, who anticipated our terror, were soon home to calm our fright. Some of the neighbors sat up all night to watch the ever-changing grandeur. The aurora was seen all over the then settled portions of the United States. p. 2, Para. 4, [AUTOBIOG]. During the summer of 1839, my father had seventeen men in his employ. In addition to his cabinet and chair business, he built houses and constructed horse powers for threshing machines. He was also the only coffin-maker for a large section of the surrounding country. Besides giving attention to all his business, he spent nearly every Sunday holding meetings in the Methodist Church. Sometimes on arriving home at eleven o'clock at night, he would find an order for a coffin which must be had the next day, and the rest of the night must be spent in making it. p. 3, Para. 1, [AUTOBIOG]. Notwithstanding he was a man of vigorous constitution, and only 35 years of age, it is no marvel that in September he was confined to his bed with typhoid fever, with little vital force remaining to expel the disease from his system. Those were the days of bleeding and dosing with calomel for every affliction. A patient was not allowed any water or fresh air. When I think of how my father was served by a physician of that time, it is no wonder that he died. My father's funeral was attended by about 2,000 people, nearly all mourners. Dearly did I love my father! As I saw him covered up in the cold ground, I began to realize that I could see him no more. With a sad heart I went to make my home with my grandfather who was a Methodist class leader. [3] p. 3, Para. 2, [AUTOBIOG]. What the different ministers said at other funerals I attended about this time brought me both joy and sadness. I distinctly remember one prominent minister saying that the saints in heaven would sit on the edge of a cloud and sing psalm tunes forever. p. 3, Para. 3, [AUTOBIOG]. Not having any idea how far it was to heaven, I fancied it might be that some of those beautiful, shining, fleecy clouds of summer piled up like bales of purest wool appeared so glorious because the saints were on them. Many an hour did I sit watching these clouds and wondering if I could hear them sing. But alas! they always seemed to stay on the other side of the cloud. At a funeral I attended six months later, the minister declared the soul to be immortal and invisible, and so small that 3,000 could dance on the point of a needle. This sadly destroyed my childish fancy about the bright clouds. [4] p. 3, Para. 4, [AUTOBIOG]. Although my grandparents believed the coming of the Lord to be near, they also believed we were to "occupy till I come," so they wished me to get a good education. Not only was I anxious to secure education from books, but also in the use of tools. A cousin of mine had a violin. Since I had no money to purchase one, I made one, shaping the bulge of the instrument from a beech board. I never became a violinist. A physician in the village, to encourage me, paid me a good price for the instrument for it was a careful copy of those sold in music stores. p. 4, Para. 1, [AUTOBIOG]. As I began to study "Comstock's Philosophy," I wanted to make everything described in the book. I constructed an electrical machine with its glass cylinder for generating electricity, the Leyden jar with thunder tongs, dancing jacks, hair-raising images, and other paraphernalia. Then I made a galvanic battery of copper and zinc, with a rasp electric coil for administering electrical shocks. I did not consider the making of these things any great feat, but soon I was branded "the philosopher" and was even called to administer, for pay, electric treatments to a paralytic. [5] p. 4, Para. 2, [AUTOBIOG]. In my grandfather's household, in addition to butchering a cow each fall, they killed three fat hogs. From these came the meat supply for a year. Of course, the fresh beef was the diet for a very few days, and after that corned beef and dried smoked beef. The pork was the standard diet, and all the fat used freely in shortcake, pie-crust, etc. p. 4, Para. 3, [AUTOBIOG]. Flesh food was a staple article of diet three times a day. Fried pork with Java coffee for breakfast, boiled pork for dinner, and if baked beans were a part of the fare, they were not considered ready without a nice piece of pork on top. For supper we had dried beef or ham, and shortcake so full of lard you could almost squeeze out the grease. For appetizers we had mustard, pickles, horseradish, and good sharp cider vinegar. p. 4, Para. 4, [AUTOBIOG]. Grandfather was a devout Christian and lived his religion before his fellow men. It was not popular in those days to be a Methodist, and some of our Universalist neighbors resorted to ridicule and petty annoyances. As we would come home from church, we would sometimes find several lengths of fence pulled down and the cattle in the grain field. Grandfather well knew who did the mischief for he would see them sneering as he drove out the cattle and put up the fence on Sunday, but he said nothing. One summer day as the family came home, grandfather was astonished to see his fine cherry trees stripped of large limbs of ripe cherries. Many weeks later they were discovered a half-mile away in a deep woods. Grandfather said nothing, but prayed for his enemies. p. 4, Para. 5, [AUTOBIOG]. Amid all these perplexing incidents grandfather sought for grace to bear persecution without complaining, often using a favorite expression, "It's a long road that doesn't have a turn in it." He expected there would be a respite after a while, and at last it came in a very peculiar manner. On the back side of his farm was a long, ten-acre field of wheat, nearly ripe. His enemies thought to spite him by cutting the wheat before it was fully ripe, supposing it would shrink and be greatly damaged. So on Sunday, while the family was at the meeting three miles away, these enemies went in and cut the whole ten acres and laid it nicely in swaths. p. 5, Para. 1, [AUTOBIOG]. Little did they realize that they had done him a favor instead of a curse. Grandfather had decided that year to cut his wheat before it was ripe enough to shell. Unknown to his enemies he had engaged two men to come on Monday to help harvest that field of wheat. What was their surprise to find the whole ten acres neatly laid in swaths! p. 5, Para. 2, [AUTOBIOG]. With a smile grandfather said, "Well, I think the devil overshot his mark this time." As a result of the early cutting, his wheat was the finest in the neighborhood. That ended all opposition from those people. In his last days, let anyone say a word against Nathan Loughborough and those former opponents were ready to speak of his merits. [6] p. 5, Para. 3, [AUTOBIOG]. 11-5-1907; (3) YI Nov. 1863; (4) RH 1-13-1891 (18), PUR 12-19-1907; (5) PUR 12-3-1908; (6) PUR 5-7-1908. p. 5, Para. 4, [AUTOBIOG]. Chapter 2 -- A TIME FOR DECISION p. 5, Para. 5, [AUTOBIOG]. As we went to meeting one Sunday in December, 1843, my sister said to me, "Oh John, aren't you glad! The millennium is going to begin this year!" p. 6, Para. 1, [AUTOBIOG]. "What's the millennium?" I asked her. I had never heard that big word before. p. 6, Para. 2, [AUTOBIOG]. "Well," she began, "the world is coming to an end, and Jesus will return. The wicked will be destroyed and the earth will become like it was when God first made it." p. 6, Para. 3, [AUTOBIOG]. "How do you know?" I asked. p. 6, Para. 4, [AUTOBIOG]. "The Bible teaches it," she replied. "There is a man by the name of Adams coming here this week to preach about it, and we are going to hear him." p. 6, Para. 5, [AUTOBIOG]. The news didn't please me as it did her. Grandfather sent me around the neighborhood to spread the news. Many of the neighbors looked sad, and I felt sad enough, too, for I thought I was unready and would have to burn eternally in hell for my sins. p. 6, Para. 6, [AUTOBIOG]. After Elder Adams' lectures, a second series was given by Elder Barry. Victor was then only a small town of 300 inhabitants, but the Methodist Church comfortably seated 1,000. It was not only full every evening, but all standing room was taken. These lectures on the prophecies and signs of the times, mingled with exhortations to seek God, created a profound interest. p. 6, Para. 7, [AUTOBIOG]. I was able to attend one of Elder Barry's lectures. It was a beautiful night and fine for sleighing. The meeting was opened by the singing of a peculiar hymn. In a clear and musical voice there came from one corner of the room the words, "Hail you! and where do you come from?" From the opposite corner a melodious response, "I am come from the land of Egypt." Then the question, "Hail you! and where are you bound for?" followed by the reply, "I am bound for the land of Canaan." Then a full choir of all parts gave the chorus, -- p. 6, Para. 8, [AUTOBIOG]. "O Canaan, bright Canaan! I am bound for the land of Canaan. O Canaan, it is my happy home; I am bound for the land of Canaan." p. 6, Para. 9, [AUTOBIOG]. Then in the same manner came questions relative to captain, pilot, cargo, etc. Simple as were these words, the power of God filled the place, and the people were in tears. [1] p. 6, Para. 10, [AUTOBIOG]. Elder Barry spoke from Rev. 14, "Fear God and give glory to Him for the hour of His judgment is come." Above and back of the pulpit hung a chart of the imagery of the books of Daniel and Revelation. Oh, what solemn awe seemed to prevail! Although the church was filled to capacity, all listened with breathless attention. At the close of the sermon, scores went forward for prayers. I took my place among the seekers, desirous to be ready to meet the Lord in peace. p. 7, Para. 1, [AUTOBIOG]. Afterwards, one man said to me, "Well, Johnnie, I'm glad you've decided to be a good boy." I felt disappointed. I longed for someone to help me seek and find the favor of the dreadful, angry God I pictured in my mind, who would be pleased to destroy me. I was not quite twelve years of age. p. 7, Para. 2, [AUTOBIOG]. As we came out of the church, we were strangely awed by a band of white light about as wide as the moon's disk stretched across the heavens from southwest to northeast. That wonderful band of light continued all that night and the whole of the next night. p. 7, Para. 3, [AUTOBIOG]. As a result of the lectures my grandfather and his whole family, with hundreds of others, believed the doctrine. They used to bring home books and papers such as Signs of the Times, and Voice of Truth. I read them eagerly and carried them to the neighbors. A great revival followed the preaching of the Advent doctrine. [2] p. 7, Para. 4, [AUTOBIOG]. The first time that was set for the Lord to come (in the spring of 1844), I worked all the day the Lord was expected, sawing wood. I frequently looked up to see if the Lord was coming. I was very fearful He would come that day, for I thought I was not ready. Although the day passed and He did not come, I did not lose my desire to be saved. [3] p. 7, Para. 5, [AUTOBIOG]. In April, 1847, at the age of fifteen, I left my grandparent's home and went to my native village to live with my oldest brother who was an Adventist. I wanted to learn the trade of carriage-making. Here I soon mixed with wild companions and became very careless about religion. p. 7, Para. 6, [AUTOBIOG]. When I stopped to think seriously and wished to be good, I was of the same mind as my brother; but I had no strength to leave my companions and make a start to serve the Lord. During the winter of 1848-49, I attended the school in Victor, living with my widowed mother, paying my school tuition by sweeping the school floor, kindling the morning fires, and ringing the bell. p. 7, Para. 7, [AUTOBIOG]. Our teacher readily discerned the abilities of his students and did all he could to develop them. He had the more advanced students organize a literary society. The older male members were required to write speeches, commit them to memory, and present them before the assembly. This trained us to appear in public. I can look back and see that the Lord was preparing me to speak on Bible truths. p. 8, Para. 1, [AUTOBIOG]. When my mother would ask me to go to meeting on Sunday, I would make up some excuse, -- my studies needed attention,