©EntomologicaFennica.7September2018 Australobius polyspinipes sp. n., a new species of Australobius Chamberlin, 1920 (Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae) from China Hui-qinMa,Hai-pengLiu,Yan-minLu,Xiao-jieHou&Su-jianPei* Ma,H.,Liu,H.,Lu,Y.,Hou,X.&Pei,S.2018:Australobiuspolyspinipessp.n., anewspeciesofAustralobiusChamberlin,1920(Lithobiomorpha:Lithobiidae) fromChina.—Entomol.Fennica29:146–152. Australobius polyspinipes sp. n. (Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae) was recently discovered from Tianheshan Mountain, Hebei Province, China, and it is de- scribedhere.MorphologicallythenewspeciesissimilartoA.nodulusMa,Song &Zhu,2008andA.magnus(Trozina,1894),bothrecordedfromChina.Thenew speciescanbeeasilydistinguishedfromthosebyhaving7+7–8+8coxosternal teeth,10–12ocellioneachsideofthecephalicplate,5+5spursonthefirstarticle ofthefemalegonopodsanddifferencesinplectrotaxyoflegs.Themainmorpho- logicalcharactersandakeytotheknownChinesespeciesofgenusAustralobius basedonadultspecimensispresented. H. Ma, Scientific Research Office, Hengshui University, Hengshui, Hebei 053000,P.R.China H.Liu,Y.Lu,X.Hou&S.Pei*,HengshuiUniversity,Hengshui,Hebei053000, P.R.China;*Correspondingauthor’se-mail:[email protected] Received3August2017,accepted9March2018 1.Introduction pedesoftheorderLithobiomorpha.Only74spe- cies/subspecies of lithobiomorphs are to date TheWorldCatalogueofCentipedescurrentlyre- known from the country (Ma et al. 2014a, b, cords33species/subspeciesinthegenusAustra- 2015, Pei et al. 2014, 2015, 2016, Qin et al. lobius Chamberlin, 1920 (Bonato et al. 2016), 2014). Altogether, only five species of Austra- mostly in South-East Asia and East Australia lobiushavebeenrecordedfromChina(Maetal. (Zapparoli & Edgecombe 2011). The genus is 2008a, b, 2014b, Qin et al. 2014). Here we de- characterized by possessing the following traits scribe a new species recently found in Xingtai (Eason1978,1997,Edgecombe2002,Zapparoli City,HebeiProvince. &Edgecombe2011):antennamostlywith20ar- ticles,somespeciesmorethan24;ocellifew(e.g., 1+3–1+6),somespeciesmorethan8;forcipular 2.Materialsandmethods coxosternalteethatleast3+3;tergiteswithmore or less distinct posterior triangular projections; Allspecimenswerehand-collectedunderleaflit- female gonopods with uni-, bi-, tridentate claw, terorstonesandpreservedin75%ethanol.The 3+3–4+4spurs,rarelymorethan4;tarsalarticu- material was examined with the aid of a Nikon lationoflegs1–13indistinctinsomespecies. SMZ–1500 stereo microscope equipped with a The myriapod fauna of China is still poorly drawing attachment. The colour description is knownandthisisespeciallythecasewithcenti- based on specimens fixed in 75% ethanol. The ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.29 (cid:127) Australobiussp.n.(Lithobiidae)fromChina 147 bodylengthismeasuredfromtheanteriormargin increaseindensityofsetaetoaboutthirdarticle, of the cephalic plate to the posterior end of the thenmoreorlessconstant. postpedaltergite.Thetypespecimensaredepos- Tentotwelveovaltorounded,domed,trans- ited in the School of Life Sciences, Hengshui lucent, usually darkly pigmented ocelli on each University,Hengshui,China(HUSLS).Theter- side(Fig.1b)arrangedintwoirregularrows;pos- minology of the external anatomy follows Bo- terioronecomparativelylarge,othersaboutequal natoetal.(2010).Themeasurementsareshown in size; ocelli at ventral side of cephalic plate, inmillimeters(mm). overhangingitslateralmargin. The following abbreviations are used in the Tömösváry’sorganovate,situatedatantero- textandthetables:T,TT=tergite,tergites;S,SS lateralmarginofcephalicplate,slightly smaller =sternite,sternites;C=coxa,Tr=trochanter,P= than adjoining ocelli and lying well apart from prefemur,F=femur,Ti=tibia,a=anterior,m= them(Fig.1b). median,p=posterior,DaCspine=anteriorspine Cephalicplatesmooth,convex,slightlywider ofdorsalofcoxa. than long; tiny setae emerging from pores scat- tered very sparsely over whole surface; frontal marginalridgewithshallowanteriormedianfur- 3.DescriptionofAustralobius row;fromshorttolongsetaescatteredalongmar- polyspinipessp.n.(Fig.1,Table1) ginal ridge of cephalic plate; lateral marginal ridgediscontinuous(Fig.1a).Lengthofantenna Type material. Holotype: female, Tianheshan 5–7timeswidthofcephalicplate,andoftenex- Mountain,Qingquanvillage,BaianTown,Xing- tendingclosetoposterioredgeofT10. tai County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province, Forcipular coxosternite subtrapezoidal (Fig. 37°05’13.88” N, 113°47’35.64” E, alt. 795 m, 1c), anterior margin broad, external side lightly 4.X.2015,SujianPeiandHuiqinMaleg.Paraty- shorterthaninternalside;mediandiastemamod- pes:8$$,11##,samedataasholotype. erately broad, V–shaped; anterior margin with Diagnosis.Antennaewith29articles.Ocelli 7+7or8+8smallandbluntteeth;porodontsslen- 1+11,in2irregularrowsandonlyposteriormost der,lyingbetweenthefourthandfifthouterteeth ocellusbeinglargerthanothers.Anteriormargin incoxosterniteswith8+8teeth,betweenthethird ofthecoxosternitewith7+7–8+8teeth,moreor andfourthouterteethinthosewith7+7teeth(Fig. less developed. Porodonts slender, between 1d);someshortsetaescatteredontheventralside fourth and fifth outer teeth with 8 coxosternal ofcoxosternite;usuallytherearemoreandlonger teeth,betweenthirdandfourthouterteethwith7 setaenearthedentalmargin. coxosternal teeth. Tergites without posterior tri- All tergites smooth, without wrinkles, back- angularprojections.Coxalpores6–7.Tarsalar- side slightly hunched; T 1 posterolaterally nar- ticulationwelldefinedonlegs1–15.Nosecond- rowerthananterolaterally,generallytrapeziform, ary sexual modifications on legs 14 and 15 of narrowerthanT3andcephalicplate;T10iswid- male.Femalegonopodswithtridentateclaw,5+5 est tergite. Posterior margin of TT 1, 3 and 5 spurs.Malegonopodsshortandsmallasasmall slightlyconcave,posteriormarginofTT7,8,10, semisphere bulge, with one long setae, apically 12,14and15concave.MarginalridgeofTT2,4, slightlysclerotized. 6,9,10,11,12,13and14slightlybulging,mar- Description.Bodylength16.5–22.5mm. ginalridgeofT15bulging;lateralmarginalridge Whole body yellow–brownish, cephalic ofalltergitescontinuous;allposterioranglesgen- plate, proximal parts of forcipules, forcipular erally rounded, without triangular projections; coxosternite and SS 14 and 15 slightly darker. tiny setae scattered very sparsely over surface, Ventralandpleuralregionslightlylighter. more densely on anterior and posterior angles Antennaewith29+29articles(Fig.1a);basal (Fig.1a). articleslightlylongerthanwide,subsequentarti- Posteriorsideofsternitesnarrowerthanante- clesmarkedlylongerthanwide,distalarticleup rior one, generally trapeziform, comparatively to2.5timesaslongaswide.Abundantsetaeon smooth,setaeemergingfromporesscatteredvery antennalsurface,lesssoonbasalarticles,gradual sparselyonsurface,slightlythickersetaeonsur- 148 Maetal. (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.29 Fig.1.Australobiuspolyspinipessp.n.(holotypefemale,a–d;paratypemale,e).–a.Habitus,dorsalview,scale 1mm.–b.OcelliandTömösváry’sorgan(To),lateralview,scale0.6mm.–c.Forcipularcoxosternite,ventral view,scale1mm.–d.Posteriorsegmentsandgonopods,ventralview,scale0.5mm.–e.Posteriorsegments andgonopods,ventralview,scale0.6mm. face of anterior part of each sternite; on middle malethaninfemale,tarsus1about6.2–6.9times parts,with1–2verylongsetaeintheanteriorand aslongaswideinlegs15.Inmale,tarsus15.0– posteriorangles. 5.6timesaslongaswideinlegs15,setalclusters Legs strong, tarsal articulation well defined composedof8–10moderatelythicksetaeondor- on legs 1–15; all legs with fairly long curved salterminalsideoftibiaoflegs15.Legplectro- claws;anteriorandposterioraccessoryspurson taxyasinTable1. legs 1–13; anterior accessory spurs moderately Coxal pores 6–7, most of them ovate, few longandslender,formingrelativelysmallangles round,usually6777,lessfrequently6776,coxal with tarsal claws; posterior one slightly strong, pore field set in a relatively shallow groove, formingrelativelylargeangleswithtarsalclaws; fringeofcoxalporefieldwitheminence,shortto onlyposterioraccessoryspursonlegs14,noac- moderatelylongsetaescatteredsparselyoversur- cessoryspursonlegs15. faceofeminence. Short to comparatively long setae scattered Female S 15 anterolaterally broader than very sparsely over surface of prefemur, femur, posterolaterally, generally trapeziform, postero- tibiaandtarsusoflegs1–13,dorsalsetaeslightly mediallystraight;sterniteofgenitalsegmentusu- longerthanventral,moresetaescatteredonsur- ally well chitinised; posterior margin of genital faceoftarsus,slightlythicksetaearrangedintwo sternite deeply concave between condyles of rowsonventralsideoftarsus,thicksetalrowson gonopods, except for a small, median approxi- surface of tarsus 1 shorter than that of tarsus 2; mately tongue–shaped bulge; relatively long setae scattered on surface of legs 14 and 15 setaescatteredoverventralsurfaceofgenitalseg- clearlyscarcerthanonotherlegs,especially,on ment,regularly fringed,withlongersetaealong tarsus1.Legs14and15thickerandstrongerin posterior margin. Gonopods: first article fairly ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.29 (cid:127) Australobiussp.n.(Lithobiidae)fromChina 149 Table1.LegplectrotaxyofAustralobiuspolyspinipes sp.n.Abbreviations:C:coxa,Tr:trochanter,P:prefemur, F:femur,Ti:tibia,a:anterior,m:median,p:posterior. Legs Ventralside Dorsalside C Tr P* F Ti C Tr P F Ti 1–2 mp amp amp amp ap a 3 (a)mp amp amp amp ap a 4 (a)mp amp amp amp ap ap 5–13 m amp amp amp amp ap ap 14 a m amp amp am a amp p p 15 a m amp amp a a amp p *Lettersinbracketsindicatevariablespines. broad, 5+5 moderately long and slender, coni- thenewspeciescanbeeasilydistinguishedfrom formspurs,innerspurslightlysmallerthanouter A. nodulus by the antennae of the new species one,fewspecimenswithaverysmallsixthspur having29articlesincontrastto31–33articlesin innermost (Fig. 1d); apical claw of third article A. nodulus; the anterior margin of the coxo- simple,slenderandsharp(Fig.1d).Manyshortto sternitehaving7+7–8+8teethincontrastto5+5– moderatelylongsetaeonsurfaceofallsegments 6+6inA.nodulus;theDaCspinebeingpresenton ofgonopods. the12th–15thlegsvs.onthe14th–15thlegs;the14th Male S 15 posterolaterally narrower than accessoryspurlackingvs.totheposterioracces- anterolaterally, posterior edge straight, sparsely soryspurspresentinA.nodulus;thefirstarticleof covered with long setae; sternite of genital seg- thefemalegonopodshaving5+5spursinsteadof ment smaller than in female, usually well 2+2or4+4inA.nodulus;theplectrotaxyofthe sclerotised. Posterior margin quite deeply con- 13thlegsbeing00322inthedorsaland01333in cavebetweengonopods,withoutamedialbulge; theventralsidecomparedtothedorsalside10322 comparativelylongsetaescatteredonventralsur- andtheventralside00333inA.nodulus.Thenew faceofgenitalsegment,fewsetaenearS15,setae speciescanalsobeeasily distinguishedfromA. gradually increasing in density from anterior to magnusbytheanteriormarginofthecoxosternite posterior,gonopodsshortandsmalllikeasmall having 7+7–8+8 teeth in contrast to 2+2–7+7 mamillary bulge, with 3–6 long setae, apically (fewspecimens3+4or6+3)inA.magnus;having slightlysclerotised(Fig.1e). 10–12ocellioneachsideofthecephalicplatevs. Etymology. The specific name refers to the 8–9ocelliinA.magnus;thefirstarticleofthefe- 5+5 comparatively long and slender coniform malegonopodshaving5+5spursinsteadof2+2– spursonthefirstarticleoffemalegonopods. 4+4,rarely4+5inA.magnus;theDaCspinebe- Habitat.Thespecimenswerecollectedfrom ingpresentorabsentonthe8th–10thlegsandpres- underroadsidestonesandforestfloorinforestsof entonthe11th–15thlegsincontrasttobeingpres- CastaneamollissimaBlumeandDiospyroskaki ent on the 14th–15th legs in A. magnus; the L.f.atabout795mabovethesealevelinmoder- plectrotaxy of the 12th legs being 00322 in the atelymoisthabitats. dorsal side and 01333 in the ventral side vs. Discussion.Thenewspeciesresemblesboth 10322inthedorsalsideand00333intheventral Australobius nodulus Ma, Song & Zhu, 2008 sideinA.magnus. fromQinghai-TibetPlateau,ChinaandA.mag- Ontheotherhand,severaldiagnosticfeatures nus(Trozina,1894)fromNorth-WesternChinain oftherecentlydescribedChinesespeciesthatare havingtheocelliarrangedintwoirregularrows, routinely used to diagnose species of Australo- Tömösváry’sorganbeingsmallerthantheadja- bius Chamberlin, 1920 are variable within the centocelli, thecoxalporesnumbering6–7, and framework of the original description. Perhaps the plectrotaxy of the 15th legs being 10310 in the most conspicuous variation pertains to the dorsalsideand11331inventralside.However, number of teeth on the anterior margin of the 150 Maetal. (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.29 Table2.Numbersofexaminedspecimens,distributionandmainmorphologicalcharactersofthesixknownChi- nesespeciesofAustralobiusChamberlin,1920.Abbreviation:DaCspine,anteriorspineofdorsalofcoxa. A. A.anamagnus A.apicicornis A.magnus Originaldescription Maetal.2008a Qinetal.2014 Trotzina1894 Specimensoriginally 2$1# 3$2# 1$ examined Othersources Eason1997, Dyachkov2017 Specimensexamined 13$6#,34$8# inothersources Distribution Qinghai-TibetPlateau, Qinghai-TibetPlateau, Qinghai-TibetPlateau, China(Tibet) China(Sichuan) China(Tibet); Kirghiziaand Kazakhstan; Bodylength(mm) 15.9–26.6 17.6–22.5 16.0–30.0 Numberofantennal 26+26,rarely25+26 24+24 25–30 articles No.andarrangement 10,in2rows 7–9,in2rows 8–9,in2rows ofocelli Tömösváry’sorgan Nearlyround,smaller Round,smallerthan Round,smallerthan thanadjoiningocelli adjacentocellus adjacentocellus No.andarrangement 3+3,3+4,4+4, 8+6,5+5,6+6,5+6, 2+2–7+7,few3+4 ofcoxosternalteeth roughlytriangular 6+7,small,blunt, or6+3 triangular Porodont Comparativelythick Absent Shortandpointed, andstrong,situated situatedbetweenouter betweenoutertwo twoteeth,orbetween teeth,fewbetween secondandthird secondandthird No.ofcoxalpores 4–9 5–8,usually6666, 3–7,rarely8 Females: 6665,8888,6776, 5676,5777,6776, 6777 6787,6797 Males: 6785,6775,4565, 5665 DaCspine On12th(presentor On13th–15thlegs On8–10thpresentor absent)–15thlegs absent,on11th–15th legspresent 14thaccessoryspur Absent Present Absent 15thaccessoryspur Absent Absent Absent No.andshapeofspurs 3+3,3+4,4+4 3+3or4+4 2+2–4+4,rarely4+5 onfemalegonopods moderatelysmall, coniformspurs,inner coniformspurs,inner onessmallerthan onemuchsmaller outerspurs thanouter Apicalclawoffemale Broad,simple Simple Simple gonopodsandlateral denticles Malegonopods Asmallhemispherical Small,indistinct Small,spherical protuberance,witha swellings,withone singlelongseta,distal ortwolongsetae regionslightly sclerotised B. A.nodulus A.polyspinipessp.n. A.tetrophthalmus Originaldescription Maetal.2008b Thispaper Loksa1960 Specimensoriginally 4$2# 9$11# 1# examined ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.29 (cid:127) Australobiussp.n.(Lithobiidae)fromChina 151 Othersources Eason1978 Specimensexamined 1# inothersources Distribution Qinghai-TibetPlateau, ChinaS(Guangxi) China(Tibet) China(Hebei) Bodylength(mm) 17.1–22.1 16.5–22.5 19.0 Numberofantennal 31+31–33+33 29+29 29 articles No.andarrangement 9–11,in2rows 10–12,in2rows 4,in2rows ofocelli Tömösváry’sorgan Smallerthanadjoining Ovate,slightlysmaller Ovate,largerthan ocelli thanadjoiningocelli adjoiningocelli No.andarrangement 6+6or6+5,small 7+7or8+8,small 5+5,small ofcoxosternalteeth andblunt blunt Porodont Situatedbetweenouter Situatedbetweenouter Notreported thirdandfourthteeth, fourthandfifthteeth rarelybetween incoxosterniteswith secondandthirdteeth 8+8teeth,between outerthirdandfourth teethinthosewith 7+7teeth No.ofcoxalpores 4–7arrangedintoan 6–7,usually6777, 3333 irregularrow,5665, lessfrequently6776 4555,6776,6775 DaCspine On12th–15thlegs On14th–15thlegs Absent 14thaccessoryspur Absent Posterioronespresent Notreported 15thaccessoryspur Absent Absent Notreported No.andshapeofspurs 2+2or4+4moderately 5+5moderatelylong Notreported onfemalegonopods small,coniformspurs, andslender,coniform innerspurclearly spurs,innerspur smallerthanouterone slightlysmallerthan outerone,few specimenswithavery smallsixthspur innermost Apicalclawoffemale Broad,simple simple,slenderand Notreported gonopodsandlateral sharp denticles Malegonopods Smallhemispheroid smallmammillary Notreported protuberance,with bulge,with3–6long 3–4longsetae, setae,apicallyslightly apicallyslightly sclerotised sclerotized coxosterniteandthenumbersoftheantennalarti- 4.KeytotheknownChinese cles and the ocelli. For example, in the original speciesofgenusAustralobius descriptionofthegenusAustralobius, thenum- Chamberlin,1920 berofantennalarticlesismostly20,insomespe- ciesmorethan24articles,whereasinmanyspe- 1 Four ocelli on each side of cephalic plate, ciesoccurringinChinaitishigher(Table2).The Tömösváry’sorganlargerthanadjacentocelli sameistrueforthenumberoftheocelli,whichis A.tetrophthalmus(Loksa,1959) few(e.g.,1+3–1+6)orinsomespeciesmorethan – More than seven ocelli on each side of ce- 8intheoriginaldescriptionofthegenus,whereas phalicplate,Tömösváry’sorgansmallerthan in many species occurring in China it is higher adjacentocelli 2 (Table2),andforthenumberofcoxosternalteeth, 2 Noprodonts whichisatleast3+3intheoriginaldescription, A.apicicornisQin,Lin,Zhao,Li, whereasinmanyspeciesoccurringinChinaitis Xie,Ma,Su&Zhang,2014 morevariable(Table2). – Porodontspresent 3 152 Maetal. (cid:127) ENTOMOL.FENNICAVol.29 3 Largeposteriortergiteswrinkled;bulgepres- mountainsofKirghiziaandKazakhstan(Chilopoda). entonterminalpartoftarsus —ArthropodaSelecta6(1–2):117–121. Edgecombe,G.D.2002:Morphologyanddistributionof A.magnus(Trozina,1894) Australobius scabrior (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha: – Largeposteriortergitessmooth;nobulgeon Lithobiidae).—MemoirsoftheQueenslandMuseum theterminalpartoftarsus 4 48:103–118. 4 Antennawithatmost26articlesand2+2or Loksa,I.1960:EinigeneueDiplopoden-undChilopoden- 4+4forcipularcoxosternalteeth Arten ausChinesischen Höhlen. — Acta Zoologica AcademiaeScientiarumHungaricae6:135–148. 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