Australia’s War Crimes Trials 1945-51 Georgina Fitzpatrick, Timothy L.H. McCormack, und Narrelle Morris - 978-90-04-29205-5 Heruntergeladen von Brill.com05/04/2021 08:24:02PM via Universitat Leipzig International Humanitarian Law Series Editors-in-Chief H.E. Judge Sir Christopher Greenwood Professor Timothy L.H. McCormack Editorial Advisory Board Professor Georges Abi-Saab – H.E. Judge George H. Aldrich Madame Justice Louise Arbour – Professor Ove Bring Professor John Dugard – Professor Dr. Horst Fischer – Dr. Hans-Peter Gasser H.E. Judge Geza Herczegh – Professor Frits Kalshoven Professor Ruth Lapidoth – Professor Gabrielle Kirk McDonald H.E. Judge Theodor Meron – Captain J. Ashley Roach Professor Michael Schmitt – Professor Jiří Toman volume 48 The International Humanitarian Law Series is a series of monographs and edited volumes which aims to promote scholarly analysis and discussion of both the theory and practice of the international legal regulation of armed conflict. The series explores substantive issues of International Humanitarian Law including, – protection for victims of armed conflict and regulation of the means and methods of warfare – questions of application of the various legal regimes for the conduct of armed conflict – issues relating to the implementation of International Humanitarian Law obligations – national and international approaches to the enforcement of the law and – the interactions between International Humanitarian Law and other related areas of international law such as Human Rights, Refugee Law, Arms Control and Disarma- ment Law, and International Criminal Law. The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ihul Georgina Fitzpatrick, Timothy L.H. McCormack, und Narrelle Morris - 978-90-04-29205-5 Heruntergeladen von Brill.com05/04/2021 08:24:02PM via Universitat Leipzig Australia’s War Crimes Trials 1945-51 By Georgina Fitzpatrick Tim McCormack Narrelle Morris leiden | boston Georgina Fitzpatrick, Timothy L.H. McCormack, und Narrelle Morris - 978-90-04-29205-5 Heruntergeladen von Brill.com05/04/2021 08:24:02PM via Universitat Leipzig Cover illustration: Interior of the Darwin Court, 3 March 1946. Photo courtesy of the Australian War Memorial (NWA 1067). Library of Congress Control Number: 2016946380 Want or need Open Access? Brill Open offers you the choice to make your research freely accessible online in exchange for a publication charge. Review your various options on brill.com/brill-open. Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. isbn 978-90-04-29204-8 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-29205-5 (e-book) Copyright 2016 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill nv provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. Georgina Fitzpatrick, Timothy L.H. McCormack, und Narrelle Morris - 978-90-04-29205-5 Heruntergeladen von Brill.com05/04/2021 08:24:02PM via Universitat Leipzig Dedicated to the memory of David Sissons upon whose shoulders all who research Australia’s war crimes trials stand ∵ Georgina Fitzpatrick, Timothy L.H. McCormack, und Narrelle Morris - 978-90-04-29205-5 Heruntergeladen von Brill.com05/04/2021 08:24:02PM via Universitat Leipzig Georgina Fitzpatrick, Timothy L.H. McCormack, und Narrelle Morris - 978-90-04-29205-5 Heruntergeladen von Brill.com05/04/2021 08:24:02PM via Universitat Leipzig Table of Contents Preface  xi List of Abbreviations  xxi List of Maps and Illustrations  xxiii Notes on Contributors  xxxii Maps  xxxvii PART I Trial Context, Issues and Perspectives Trial Context 1 The Australian War Crimes Trials, 1945–51  5 Tim McCormack and Narrelle Morris 2 The Emperor’s Army: Military Operations and Ideology in the War against Australia  27 Steven Bullard Legal Issues 3 Jurisdiction of the Australian Military Courts 1945–51  61 Tim McCormack 4 The Australian Military Courts under the War Crimes Act 1945— Structure and Approach  103 Michael Paes 5 Command Responsibility and Other Grounds of Criminal Responsibility  134 Gideon Boas and Lisa Lee 6 Obedience to Superior Orders and Related Defences  174 Monique Cormier and Sarah Finnin Georgina Fitzpatrick, Timothy L.H. McCormack, und Narrelle Morris - 978-90-04-29205-5 Heruntergeladen von Brill.com05/04/2021 08:24:02PM via Universitat Leipzig viii table of contents 7 The Prosecution of Crimes against Civilians  196 Bridget Dunne and Helen Durham Historical Perspectives 8 Crimes against Captured Airmen  239 Tristan Moss and Georgina Fitzpatrick 9 Crimes against Asians in Command Responsibility Trials  266 Yuma Totani 10 Cannibalism and the War Crimes Trials  291 Georgina Fitzpatrick 11 Death Sentences, Japanese War Criminals and the Australian Military  326 Georgina Fitzpatrick Part II Trial Locations 12 The Trials on Morotai  373 Georgina Fitzpatrick 13 The Trials at Wewak  408 Georgina Fitzpatrick 14 The Trials on Labuan  429 Georgina Fitzpatrick 15 The Trials in Darwin  471 Georgina Fitzpatrick 16 The Trials in Rabaul  507 Georgina Fitzpatrick 17 The Trials in Singapore  568 Georgina Fitzpatrick Georgina Fitzpatrick, Timothy L.H. McCormack, und Narrelle Morris - 978-90-04-29205-5 Heruntergeladen von Brill.com05/04/2021 08:24:02PM via Universitat Leipzig table of contents ix 18 The Trials in Hong Kong  606 Georgina Fitzpatrick 19 Last Trials: Manus Island  646 Georgina Fitzpatrick PART III Post-Trial Reflections 20 The Australian War Criminals Compounds at Rabaul and on Manus Island, 1945–53  689 Narrelle Morris 21 Changing Direction: Repatriation of Japanese War Criminals in Australian Custody  732 Dean Aszkielowicz 22 The ‘Post-War’ of the BC-Class War Criminals: How Did War Criminals React to the Australian Trials?   755 Utsumi Aiko and Udagawa Kōta Translated by Steven Bullard 23 Were the Australian Trials Fair?  781 Narrelle Morris and Tim McCormack Appendix I War Crimes Act 1945 (Cth)  810 Appendix II Regulations for the Trial of War Criminals 1945 (Cth)  816 Appendix III Board of Inquiry List of War Crimes  824 Appendix IV Trials List with National Archives of Australia Series and Item Number  826 Indices Georgina Fitzpatrick, Timothy L.H. McCormack, und Narrelle Morris - 978-90-04-29205-5 Heruntergeladen von Brill.com05/04/2021 08:24:02PM via Universitat Leipzig Georgina Fitzpatrick, Timothy L.H. McCormack, und Narrelle Morris - 978-90-04-29205-5 Heruntergeladen von Brill.com05/04/2021 08:24:02PM via Universitat Leipzig